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The method Atomic Layer Deposition, ALD, has been available since the 1970´s and it has opened the possibility to fabricate methods for inorganic thin films on a nanoscale. Later the interest for fabricating organic thin films with Molecular Layer Deposition, MLD, and controlling both the thickness and the composition of the film on a molecular scale. To develop the thin films a bit further a combination of organic and inorganic thin films is fabricated and therefore the best properties of the two types of thin films are combined.  The purpose of this bachelor´s thesis was to fabricate the multilayer thin film AlN-HQ on a silicon substrate. It began with a substantial review of the literature and planning of the approach. Followed by the laboratory work with fabricating the thin film by ALD. The laboratory work ended with analyzing the thin films by ATR-FT/MIR (attenuated total reflectance fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy) and XRR (X-ray reflectivity). All data provided where summarized and evaluated. An analysis of the thickness of the thin film was attempted with XRR but was not adequate for these samples. For a development of the method fabrication of the multilayer film AlN-HQ the thickness needs to be known. It could probably be analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM, but that type of analysis was not a part of this study.

Syftet med vårt arbete var att få en uppfattning om pedagogers kunskaper och erfarenheter kring dyskalkyli samt hur de stödjer elever som har eller misstänks ha diagnosen i sin undervisning. Vi har utgått från två frågeställningar. Den första är: Vilka kunskaper har matematiklärare, specialpedagoger och speciallärare om diagnosen dyskalkyli? och den andra är: Hur arbetar de för att hjälpa elever med konstaterad eller misstänkt dyskalkyli?  Vi har i vår studie utgått från det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande, något som framkommer genom vår analys och diskussion. Vi har utfört en enkätundersökning och en semistrukturerad intervjustudie. Utifrån våra slutsatser kom vi bland annat fram till att det fanns kunskaper om dyskalkyli i de verksamheter som de deltagande tillhörde, men i väldigt olika utsträckning. Det fanns även kunskaper om olika stödinsatser för att hjälpa elever med diagnosen. Vi fick också fram att pedagogerna tyckte att det fanns för lite kunskaper om dyskalkyli i verksamheterna och att det är något som efterfrågas.

Support of multicast routing and its implementation is one of the main goals in nowadays computer networks. Adapting new technology could be often challenging and connected with difficulties. For this reason its better to try it in some simulating enviroment and implement it only after successful results of tests and simulations. The aim of this diploma thesis is to familiarize the reader with the multicast routing, describe the possibilities of network testing in OMNeT++ and come up with new multicast routing framework for this discrete simulation tool.

In these diploma thesis magnetically ordered materials are studied with the prospect of their application in spintronics. Specifically, we investigated metallic alloy FeRh, which undergoes a magnetic phase transition from antife- romagnetic phase to feromagnetic one around 100◦ C. This phenomenon can be readily used in memory devices. Laser spectroscopy is used as a nondestructive method without need of any electrical contacts. Magnetic properties of FeRh are studied by magnetooptical effects including quadratic magnetic linear dichroism. The measured polarization rotations are of the order of miliradians, therefore, the detection is realized by an optical bridge. At first, we concentrated on discrimina- ting of various magnetooptical effects from each other. The second part is focused on the phase transition induced by different means. Firstly, by heating the whole sample, secondly by illuminating the sample locally by continuous laser.

This thesis reports the findings of my study of students with visual-spatial deficits in my specialist school in the city of New York. It is comprised of a pilot study, mathematical interviews, and interventions with students and teachers. This study is qualitative and primarily uses case studies to explain the interventions with both the students and the teachers. The study is made up of interventions with two students, and interventions with several teachers who work in my specialist K-12 school which includes both primary and secondary school teachers. Since very little research has been conducted in this field to this point, the findings presented in this thesis aim to give teachers, especially secondary school mathematics teachers, an understanding of the challenges that secondary school students with visual-spatial deficits face when they are learning mathematics. In addition, this research also discusses intervention sessions that I conducted with teachers that gives some insights into educating secondary school mathematics teachers about mathematics learning disabilities and their impact on the students that they teach. The main findings of this research are that there are effective interventions for both students and teachers that help students with visual-spatial deficits learn mathematics. A successful theme that has emerged is centring which helps students to start questions that they find challenging, and also focus their attention on obtaining a solution. It can sometimes lead to a greater understanding of mathematics as well.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The industry's need to improve aspects of production such as quality and eciency meant that techniques and devices for more ecient control were adopted in view of the dierences that occur in systems. most systems are not only characterized by the continuous dynamics usually applied to describe this behavior but an association with this dynamic elements with discrete characteristics (logical). For this systems relates to the expression hybrid systems whose dynamics processes characterize the behavior continuous real-time system associated with a discrete event. The control of hybrid systems requires answers in accordance with the presence of discrete event and continuous interacting that makes control strategies increasingly sophisticated are developed. In this work, was adopted the hybrid MLD formalism (Mixed Logical Dynamical ) for the representation of hybrid systems using dynamic logical propositions that express such a system in the form of linear constraints of binary variables interacting with the continuous behavior of dierential equations. In this context, the predictive controller based on an optimal model developed from the selected formalism is suggested as an option for the control of hybrid systems. In this work, the qualitative modeling of discrete systems using the MLD formalism is presented for which it is developed to check these systems to evaluate the hybrid modeling. These techniques were applied to simple problems in chemical engineering as systems of three tanks connected in series and a CSTR reactor with heating. In each of the systems were made simulations coupled to qualitative models in various scenarios and compared to the continuous model of dierential equations and their discretized version. The action of the MPC controller for hybrid systems was studied also, developing it from the MLD model and presenting several simulation scenarios to investigate the eects of control over the system. Such control is developed to the l1 and l2 norms, enabling a comparison between the two control options and the comparison between these controllers with classics like PI. The results for the model in the MLD formalism are satisfactory and consistent with the real behavior of the system. The control problems developed show intervention MPC controller more ecient than the classical PI controller associated with the control on/o mainly by the choice of variables to be manipulated. The comparison between controllers l1-MPC and l2-MPC gives results that indicate similar control actions for each of these controllers depending on the location of the optimal point found in solving the optimization model for the controlled system. / A necessidade da indústria de aprimorar aspectos da produção como qualidade e eficiência fizeram com que técnicas e dispositivos de controle mais eficientes fossem adotados atendendo às diversidades que ocorrem nos sistemas. Porém, a maioria dos sistemas não caracteriza-se apenas pela dinâmica contínua geralmente aplicada a descrição de seu comportamento mas por uma associação desta dinâmica com elementos com características discretas (lógicas). A este tipo de sistemas relaciona-se a expressão sistemas híbridos que caracteriza processos cuja dinâmica associa o comportamento contínuo em tempo real de um sistema com eventos discretos. O controle de sistemas híbridos exige respostas condizentes com a presença de eventos discretos e contínuos interagindo entre si, o que faz com que estratégias de controle cada vez mais sofisticadas sejam desenvolvidas. Neste trabalho, adotou-se o formalismo híbrido MLD Mixed Logical Dynamical para a representação de sistemas híbridos dinâmicos utilizando proposições lógicas que expressam tal sistema sob a forma de restrições lineares de variáveis binárias interagindo com o comportamento contínuo de equações diferenciais. Neste contexto, o controlador preditivo baseado em um modelo desenvolvido a partir do formalismo selecionado é sugerido como uma opção para o controle de sistemas híbridos. Nesta dissertação, a modelagem qualitativa dos sistemas discretos utilizando o formalismo MLD é apresentada para a qual desenvolve-se a verificação para tais sistemas com o objetivo de avaliar a modelagem híbrida. Essas técnicas foram aplicadas em problemas da Engenharia Química como sistemas de três tanques conectados em série e um reator CSTR com aquecimento. Em cada um dos processos estudados foram feitas as simulações acopladas aos modelos qualitativos em diversos cenários e comparados ao modelo contínuo de equações diferenciais e sua versão discretizada. Estudou-se ainda a ação do controlador MPC para sistemas híbridos, desenvolvendo-o a partir do modelo MLD e apresentando diversos cenários de simulação para investigação dos efeitos do controle sobre o sistema. Tal controle é desenvolvido para as normas l 1 e l 2, possibilitando uma comparação entre as duas opções de controle além da comparação entre estes com controladores clássicos como o PI. Os resultados para o modelo no formalismo MLD são satisfatórios e condizem com o comportamento real do sistema. Os problemas de controle desenvolvidos apresentam a intervenção do controlador MPC mais eficiente que o controlador clássico PI associado ao controle liga/desliga principalmente pela possibilidade de escolha das variáveis a ser manipulada. A comparação com entre os controladores l 1-MPC e l 2- MPC permite resultados que indicam ações de controle semelhantes para cada um destes controladores em função da localização do ponto ótimo encontrado na resolução do modelo de otimização para o sistema de controlados / Mestre em Engenharia Química

This study addressed two main areas in the field of special education needs. First, it considered the concepts of MLD\Slow learning and the different ways to understand and recognise such terms in England and Kuwait. Second, it considered the stability of the social participation of children identified as having MLD\Slow learning in mainstream primary schools in both countries. The study utilized a cross-cultural design, which relies heavily on longitudinal and ethnographic approaches. In each country, two mainstream primary schools agreed to participate (i.e., four schools in total), comprising 22 children with MLD in England and 31 with slow learning in Kuwait. The results indicated that the concept of MLD was unclear to the participants, and that there was no procedurally objective way that could be followed to assess or recognise children with MLD in England. On one hand, this could lead to different assessment results for one child; on the other hand, it could also provide a flexible system through which MLD can be assessed in multiple ways. In contrast, slow learning in Kuwait is assessed objectively based solely on the IQ test as a main method, which could question the validity of the assessment. The results indicated that children with MLD in England were not found to be a homogenous group in terms of their social participation. Nonetheless, most of them displayed positive social participation with their typically developing children, as they were accepted to some extent by their peers and showed a good extent of friendship with their peers. Their social interactions were no different compared to that of their non-SEN peers. In contrast, the children with slow learning displayed no social interaction or friendship with their non-SEN peers who showed little acceptance of slow learning children. The results also indicated that the dimensions of friendship and peers’ acceptance levels were inter-related to some extent and could predict each other, albeit weakly with the dimension of social-self-concept.

Masking Level Difference (MLD) tests are an established component of auditory processing test batteries; however, normative data for these tests vary according to procedure. In this study, forty normal, native-English speaking adults between the ages of 18 and 26 were tested for MLD via a newly developed computer software program using both an adaptive procedure (MLDA) and a Bekesy procedure (MLDB). The results from the two procedures were analyzed for sex differences and compared with each other. For both the MLDA and MLDB, the results showed statistically significant sex differences in the masked thresholds used to obtain the MLD (NoSo and NoSπ), but no significant difference in the calculated MLD value (NoSo - NoSπ). These results suggest that since the MLD was similar for both sexes, the normative data need not be reported separately by sex. The results also showed statistically significant differences between procedures, with the MLDA procedure producing higher MLDs than the MLDB procedure. The MLDA procedure lent itself to a d´ analysis, which could not be determined using MLDB due to the nature of a Bekesy assessment. For MLDA, d´ = 1.4, test sensitivity = 96.4%, and test specificity = 60.3%. The results of this study indicate that MLDA is a better testing procedure due to MLDA's higher MLD average and the statistical data available (d´, and measures of sensitivity and specificity) when using the MLDA procedure.

The objective of the diploma thesis is the analysis of network attacks on local area networks with IPv6 protocol and defenses against these attacks along with methodology of the security process.