The purpose of the Walkstation II project is to create a testbed for a wireless communication system with access to the Internet. The Mobile INTernet (MINT) router is a core element of this project. Most of the routers and many other nodes of today's Internet support network management. This includes the remote control of various parameters which caracterize the status of physical interfaces, protocols and many other objects. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) which was used in the current work is a standard protocol of the TCP/IP suite. All the managed nodes of the Internet have a common set of management capabilities. Their implementation is available in software development packages. The management of mobile stations requires a new set of management capabilities. They will allow for the control of mobility support and the radio links. The current work consists in adapting the set of standard SNMP capabilities to the MINT router and of the creation of a set of new capabilities specific to the MINT. / <p>I do not know the number of university credits, but entered it as 30 ECTS. This was an exchange student and I do not know if they were actually registered at KTH.</p>

<p>Internet and mobile communications have had a profound effect on today’s society. New services are constantly being deployed, in which an increasing amount of personal data is being processed in return for personally tailored services. Further, the use of electronic surveillance is increasing. There is the risk that honest citizens will have their privacy invaded for “the greater good”. We argue that it is of uttermost importance to retain the individuals’ control over their personal spheres.</p><p>One approach for enhancing the users’ privacy is to deploy technical measures for safeguarding privacy, so-called Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs). This thesis examines a set of PETs for enabling anonymous communication, so-called anonymous overlay networks,which eliminate the processing of personal data altogether by allowing the users act anonymously when communicating in a networked environment.</p><p>This thesis focuses mainly on mobile networks. These are of great interest because on the one hand they lay the groundwork for new innovative applications, but on the other hand they pose numerous novel challenges to privacy. This thesis describes the implementation</p><p>and performance evaluation of mCrowds – an anonymous overlay network for mobile Internet that enables anonymous browsing. It also describes the ongoing investigation on how to design anonymous overlay networks in order to make them suitable for mobile ad hoc</p><p>networks, a required building block for ambient intelligence.</p>

<p>Mobiltelefonianvändningen har sedan början av 2000-talet haft en stark tillväxt och till-sammans med utvecklade tekniker ifrån Internet uppstod förutsättningar för en ny marknad – mobilt Internet. Europa, Nord Amerika och Japan ledde utvecklingen. Europa och Nord Amerika utvecklade Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) medan ett japanskt företag NTT DoCoMos utvecklade ett eget system – i-mode – som dominerar den japanska marknaden idag. Detta medan WAP-användningen ej blev den succé man hade hoppats på och användningen av WAP är ej speciellt hög idag, trots att de flesta mobiltelefoner i Sverige har stöd för WAP.</p><p>Syftet med denna rapport är att förklara utifrån ett användarperspektiv varför WAP-användningen är låg i Sverige samt hur i-mode kunde lyckas så väl på den japanska mark-naden. Rapporten syftar också till att undersöka befintliga mobilanvändares behov angående mobilt Internet och upptäcka ifall i-mode möter dessa behov. En jämförelse skall också ske av hur WAP och i-mode har marknadsförts. Resultatet skall förklara varför majoriteten av svenska mobilanvändare ej använder WAP.</p><p>Forskningen inledes med en litteraturstudie. Med denna litteraturstudie som stöd så valde vi att genomföra en enkätundersökning för att upptäcka den utvalda populationens behov och användninsgrad av mobilt Internet. Utfallen från enkätundersökningen analyserades tillsammans med teorier och det tillsammans skapade resultatet.</p><p>• Människor i Sverige tenderar till att använda internet hemma istället.</p><p>• WAP-användning är dyrt och långsamt idag.</p><p>• Kunskapen om WAP bland det svenska folket är dålig.</p><p>• Med vår forskning som utgångspunkt så finns det inget behov för mobilt Internet.</p><p>Det låga användandet av mobilt Internet förklaras främst med att de svenska användarna utnyttjar tillgången av Internet hemma. Detta ser inte vi som en egentlig orsak utan mer som ett resultat av de brister som mobilt Internet uppvisar. Större delen av dessa behov klarar ej en i-mode implementation i Sverige av att tillfredsställa i dagsläget. Därför ser vi ej i-mode som ett alternativ idag. Däremot anser vi att om i-mode kan marknadsföra sig som i Japan – som ett komplett system med unika funktioner – istället för en komprimerad ver-sion av internet, så kan i-mode vara ett fullvärdigt alternativ då tekniken redan finns för en implementation i Sverige.</p> / <p>Since the beginning of the 21st century mobile phone usage has had a big growth. Together with developed techniques from the Internet conditions for a new market emerged – mobile Internet. Europe, North America and Japan took the lead in this development. Europe and North America developed Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) whilst a Japanese company, NTT DoCoMo, developed their own standard – i-mode – which is dominating the Japanese market today. WAP on the other hand was not a success at all and the usage is still low today in Sweden, even though almost all mobile phones support WAP.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to, from a user perspective, explain why the WAP usage is so low in Sweden and also explain how i-mode became such a success on the Japanese market. In the thesis we will research mobile phone users needs regarding mobile Internet, and if those needs can be applied to i-mode functionality. We will also compare WAP and i-mode marketing. The result will then explain why the majority of Swedish mobile phone owners do not use WAP.</p><p>We started out with a literature study, which became the base of our chosen method; a survey. Thus to discover the chosen populations’ needs, demands and degree of usage of mobile Internet. A result was created from the survey data and theories.</p><p>• People in Sweden tend to use Internet at home instead.</p><p>• WAP usage today is expensive and has slow bandwidth.</p><p>• The knowledge about WAP is poor among the Swedish population.</p><p>• There is no need for mobile Internet in Sweden according to our research.</p><p>The low mobile Internet usage can mainly be explained with that people in Sweden rather use Internet at home. We are convinced that this is not the main reason though, since this result emerged because of WAPs faults and weaknesses. The majority of these demands can not be satisfied by an i-mode implementation. That is why we do not see i-mode as an alternative to WAP in Sweden. Although if i-mode could use another approach in their marketing they may succeed – like a stand-alone system with unique functions. Using this approach instead of marketing the service as a light version of the Internet, as we see today in WAP.</p>

In this master thesis we investigate Mobile Internet with the help of a user perspective and discuss the problems of Mobile Internet today. As the Internet revolution evolves into the Mobile Internet revolution the need for usable and desirable wireless services is increasing. Designing web based services for mobile devices and mobile users is significantly different than designing web based services for desktop use. Not only are there differences in the underlying technology but also, and perhaps most important, in the way people use the services. Our main purpose in this thesis is to investigate the occurrence of Mobile Internet from a user’s perspective, to present a definition of Mobile Internet and provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. The main objective is to present a theoretical framework regarding Mobile Internet usage and to investigate which user related factors to consider when developing services adapted for mobile use. / Webpage available at http://www.student.bth.se/~tecr.

Internet and mobile communications have had a profound effect on today’s society. New services are constantly being deployed, in which an increasing amount of personal data is being processed in return for personally tailored services. Further, the use of electronic surveillance is increasing. There is the risk that honest citizens will have their privacy invaded for “the greater good”. We argue that it is of uttermost importance to retain the individuals’ control over their personal spheres. One approach for enhancing the users’ privacy is to deploy technical measures for safeguarding privacy, so-called Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs). This thesis examines a set of PETs for enabling anonymous communication, so-called anonymous overlay networks,which eliminate the processing of personal data altogether by allowing the users act anonymously when communicating in a networked environment. This thesis focuses mainly on mobile networks. These are of great interest because on the one hand they lay the groundwork for new innovative applications, but on the other hand they pose numerous novel challenges to privacy. This thesis describes the implementation and performance evaluation of mCrowds – an anonymous overlay network for mobile Internet that enables anonymous browsing. It also describes the ongoing investigation on how to design anonymous overlay networks in order to make them suitable for mobile ad hoc networks, a required building block for ambient intelligence.

Mobiltelefonianvändningen har sedan början av 2000-talet haft en stark tillväxt och till-sammans med utvecklade tekniker ifrån Internet uppstod förutsättningar för en ny marknad – mobilt Internet. Europa, Nord Amerika och Japan ledde utvecklingen. Europa och Nord Amerika utvecklade Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) medan ett japanskt företag NTT DoCoMos utvecklade ett eget system – i-mode – som dominerar den japanska marknaden idag. Detta medan WAP-användningen ej blev den succé man hade hoppats på och användningen av WAP är ej speciellt hög idag, trots att de flesta mobiltelefoner i Sverige har stöd för WAP. Syftet med denna rapport är att förklara utifrån ett användarperspektiv varför WAP-användningen är låg i Sverige samt hur i-mode kunde lyckas så väl på den japanska mark-naden. Rapporten syftar också till att undersöka befintliga mobilanvändares behov angående mobilt Internet och upptäcka ifall i-mode möter dessa behov. En jämförelse skall också ske av hur WAP och i-mode har marknadsförts. Resultatet skall förklara varför majoriteten av svenska mobilanvändare ej använder WAP. Forskningen inledes med en litteraturstudie. Med denna litteraturstudie som stöd så valde vi att genomföra en enkätundersökning för att upptäcka den utvalda populationens behov och användninsgrad av mobilt Internet. Utfallen från enkätundersökningen analyserades tillsammans med teorier och det tillsammans skapade resultatet. • Människor i Sverige tenderar till att använda internet hemma istället. • WAP-användning är dyrt och långsamt idag. • Kunskapen om WAP bland det svenska folket är dålig. • Med vår forskning som utgångspunkt så finns det inget behov för mobilt Internet. Det låga användandet av mobilt Internet förklaras främst med att de svenska användarna utnyttjar tillgången av Internet hemma. Detta ser inte vi som en egentlig orsak utan mer som ett resultat av de brister som mobilt Internet uppvisar. Större delen av dessa behov klarar ej en i-mode implementation i Sverige av att tillfredsställa i dagsläget. Därför ser vi ej i-mode som ett alternativ idag. Däremot anser vi att om i-mode kan marknadsföra sig som i Japan – som ett komplett system med unika funktioner – istället för en komprimerad ver-sion av internet, så kan i-mode vara ett fullvärdigt alternativ då tekniken redan finns för en implementation i Sverige. / Since the beginning of the 21st century mobile phone usage has had a big growth. Together with developed techniques from the Internet conditions for a new market emerged – mobile Internet. Europe, North America and Japan took the lead in this development. Europe and North America developed Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) whilst a Japanese company, NTT DoCoMo, developed their own standard – i-mode – which is dominating the Japanese market today. WAP on the other hand was not a success at all and the usage is still low today in Sweden, even though almost all mobile phones support WAP. The purpose of this thesis is to, from a user perspective, explain why the WAP usage is so low in Sweden and also explain how i-mode became such a success on the Japanese market. In the thesis we will research mobile phone users needs regarding mobile Internet, and if those needs can be applied to i-mode functionality. We will also compare WAP and i-mode marketing. The result will then explain why the majority of Swedish mobile phone owners do not use WAP. We started out with a literature study, which became the base of our chosen method; a survey. Thus to discover the chosen populations’ needs, demands and degree of usage of mobile Internet. A result was created from the survey data and theories. • People in Sweden tend to use Internet at home instead. • WAP usage today is expensive and has slow bandwidth. • The knowledge about WAP is poor among the Swedish population. • There is no need for mobile Internet in Sweden according to our research. The low mobile Internet usage can mainly be explained with that people in Sweden rather use Internet at home. We are convinced that this is not the main reason though, since this result emerged because of WAPs faults and weaknesses. The majority of these demands can not be satisfied by an i-mode implementation. That is why we do not see i-mode as an alternative to WAP in Sweden. Although if i-mode could use another approach in their marketing they may succeed – like a stand-alone system with unique functions. Using this approach instead of marketing the service as a light version of the Internet, as we see today in WAP.

本文旨在通過對北京龍泉寺的個案研究，結合其他佛教團體的情況，分析中國佛教在移動互聯網時代下的轉變和特點，討論此時國家政策、科學技術、社會環境、文化發展等多方面的互動，探究中國佛教的適應性及未來的發展趨勢。 本文希望：一、在時間縱向上，清楚地敘述北京龍泉寺在21世紀的發展歷程，將工程建設、僧團培養、居士發展、組織架構、學修內容、弘法模式、受眾群體等方面的變化分條縷析。二、綜合國家政策、科技發展、社會環境、經濟條件、人才資源、自身理念等方面，分析龍泉寺快速發展、技術跟進、受關注度不斷提升的原因，討論其獨特性和普遍性。三、從歷史學、社會學和宗教學理論出發，探究龍泉寺發展歷程對於佛教教理、教團建設、弘法活動等的影響，及對未來中國佛教和世界佛教可能帶來的改變。 / This research investigates how temples adapt to the modern society when the mobile Internet becomes prevalent in China. The case studies of Beijing Longquan Monastery, along with explorations of other modern Chinese Buddhist organizations will be carried out to answer this research question. The research will cover the changes of work-division structure, Buddhism teaching and spreading activity, Sangha and volunteer recruit and training, new tool and technique application, and other changes. Subsequently, the research will discuss the Chinese economic, political, social and cultural environments that surround the Buddhist temples and organizations, searching connections and reasons to these changes of Chinese temples when encounter the new era.

Mobile telecommunications belong to one of the fields which still evolves and it is expected that in the future they are going to offer great benefit to the whole world. This work focuses on current and future development of mobile Internet connection in the Czech Republic. At first the technologies used to provide mobile Internet connection are described and compared and then the situation (in terms of technologies and mobile operators) in the Czech market is outlined and its possible evolution in the near future is presented. Furthermore, the tarifs of mobile operators are compared with those in place two years ago. The strengths and weaknesses of the current mobile Internet connection are evaluated based on the conducted questionnaire survey. The latest results are then analyzed and compared with the results from a previous survey conducted in 2007 as part of a bachelor's thesis, which has been further extended in this mater's thesis.

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier l’influence du comportement et des affects sur l’intention de continuer l’usage d’une technologie de l’information, l’Internet Mobile. Un modèle conceptuel a été développé en se basant sur les recherches antérieures (notamment le modèle TAM et le modèle ECM) et une recherche qualitative. Ce modèle de la continuité d’usage permet d’étudier l’impact du comportement présent (usage et satisfaction) sur les réponses futures (intention de continuer l’usage). L’usage et la satisfaction sont influencés par les perceptions de l’Internet Mobile (utilité, facilité, amusement, valeur et qualité). Les relations du modèle sont modérées par un ensemble de variables modératrices (genre, âge et ancienneté d’usage). La collecte des données a été effectuée à l’aide d’un questionnaire en ligne. L’analyse des données par les équations structurelles a permis de valider empiriquement onze hypothèses de recherche issues de ce modèle. Les résultats suggèrent que l’intention de continuer l’usage de l’Internet Mobile est déterminée par l’usage de ce service et par la satisfaction des utilisateurs. La satisfaction des utilisateurs, à son tour, est influencée par la facilité, l’amusement et la qualité des services alors que l’usage est déterminé par l’utilité, la facilité, l’amusement et la valeur. Les implications managériales et théoriques, ainsi que les voies futures de recherche ont été mises en perspectives / The purpose of the current research is to investigate the influence of behavior and affect on the continuance intention of an information technology, the Mobile Internet. A conceptual model, based on a literature review (including the models TAM and ECM) and a qualitative research, is proposed. This post-adoption model examines the impact of the actual behavior (usage and satisfaction) on future responses (continuance intention). Usage and satisfaction are influenced by Mobile Internet post-adoption beliefs (usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment, value and quality). A number of moderating variables are included (gender, age and past experience). Data collection was performed using a web questionnaire. Data analysis by structural equation has empirically validated eleven research hypotheses derived from this model. The results suggest that mobile Internet continuance intention is determined by usage and satisfaction. User satisfaction, in turn, is influenced by ease of use, enjoyment and quality while usage is determined by usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment and value. Theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed. Finally, suggestions concerning future research about Mobile Internet are presented

This paper presents an efficient and accurate analytical model for the radio interface of the general packet radio service (GPRS) in a GSM network. The model is utilized for investigating how many packet data channels should be allocated for GPRS under a given amount of traffic in order to guarantee appropriate quality of service. The presented model constitutes a continuous-time Markov chain. The Markov model represents the sharing of radio channels by circuit switched GSM connections and packet switched GPRS sessions under a dynamic channel allocation scheme. In contrast to previous work, the Markov model explicitly represents the mobility of users by taking into account arrivals of new GSM and GPRS users as well as handovers from neighboring cells. Furthermore, we take into account TCP flow control for the GPRS data packets. To validate the simplifications necessary for making the Markov model amenable to numerical solution, we provide a comparison of the results of the Markov model with a detailed simulator on the network level.