471 |
Quantum Monte Carlo study of frustrated systems. / 阻錯系統的量子門特卡洛研究 / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / Quantum Monte Carlo study of frustrated systems. / Zu cuo xi tong de liang zi Mente Kaluo yan jiuJanuary 2010 (has links)
In the chapter 3, we study ferromagnetic fluctuations on two types of bilayer triangular lattices by the single-band Hubbard model. We start from the tight-binding model to obtain energy spectrum, the density of sates, and the spin susceptibility. With finite Coulomb interaction turned on, we apply the random phase approximation and use the determinant quantum Monte Carlo method to study spin susceptibility for the two bilayer triangular lattices and make comparisons of their magnetic properties. The effects of the interlayer coupling is also examined in detail. / In the chapter 4, we addresses the issue of the ferromagnetism in graphene-based samples. To study magnetic correlations in graphene, we systematically carry out quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the Hubbard model on a honeycomb lattice. In the filling region below the Van Hove singularity, the system shows a short-range ferromagnetic correlation, which is slightly strengthened by the on-site Coulomb interaction and markedly by the next-nearest-neighbor hopping integral. The ferromagnetic properties depend on the electron filling strongly, which may be manipulated by the electric gate. Due to its resultant high controllability of ferromagnetism, graphene-based samples may facilitate the new development of many applications. / In the chapter 5, we examined theoretically the magnetism of impurity adatoms in graphene by quantum Monte Carlo simulation technique based on Hirsch-Fye algorithm. When tuning the Fermi energy of graphene by gate voltage with available experiments, the values of occupancy and local moment for impurity can be changed. Furthermore, with medium and large hybridizations between impurity and graphene atoms, the local moment can be switched on and off by Kondo effects. We also use maximum entropy method to study the spectral density from Green's function for impurity, and we find very unconventional behaviors which are absolutely different from the cases in the normal metal. These signatures of spectral density enlarge the possibility for controlling the impurity magnetism by gate voltage. / In this research thesis, we mainly study three strongly correlated systems: Hubbard model in bilayer triangular lattice which corresponds to the real material of NaxCoO2 · yH 2O, strong-interaction electrons in graphene system and Anderson impurity in graphene. Our numerical method is determinant quantum Monte Carlo method which will be introduced in the chapter 2. / Hu, Feiming = 阻錯系統的量子門特卡洛研究 / 胡飛鳴. / Adviser: Lin Hai-Qing. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-126). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Hu, Feiming = Zu cuo xi tong de liang zi Mente Kaluo yan jiu / Hu Feiming.
|
472 |
Numerical study of the extended Hubbard model on geometrically frustrated lattices =: 阻挫格子上推廣的哈伯德模型的數值研究. / 阻挫格子上推廣的哈伯德模型的數值研究 / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / Numerical study of the extended Hubbard model on geometrically frustrated lattices =: Zu cuo ge zi shang tui guang de Habode mo xing de shu zhi yan jiu. / Zu cuo ge zi shang tui guang de Habode mo xing de shu zhi yan jiuJanuary 2008 (has links)
For the study of cobalt oxide materials, we investigate the spin susceptibility behavior when the temperature and interaction strength vary in the whole filling region, on a triangular lattice. We find the high density of state (DOS) around the van Hove singularity point is important to the existence of a certain itinerant ferromagnetic short-range correlation. Also we study different spin singlet and triplet pairing channels in this region, and find the triplet channels especially the f-wave pairing susceptibility presents the quickest growth via the lowing of temperature. However, it is subtle to stabilize the f-wave pairing since the effective pairing interaction was found to be very small. / In the last part we discuss a special case in quantum phase transition, in which the Green's function of the system can be analytically obtained. We study the entanglement of the system to identify the quantum phase transition in the system. / We investigate several novel strong correlated phenomena in the geometrically frustrated system in this thesis. On a parallel computational grid, we do the state-of-the-art quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) numerical simulation to the extended single-band Hubbard model. We observe a wide range of measurements to clarify and demonstrate the system properties in different electron density, temperature, interaction strength. The results of the single-band Hubbard model on the triangular lattice can help us understand the magnetic property and superconductivity of the cobalt oxide materials. The results of the attractive Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice can be used to discuss some properties of the "Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) state to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover" picture, such as Dirac Fermions' behaviors and the coexistence of fermionic and bosonic degrees of freedom in the system. / We study the BCS-BEC picture of high Tc superconductor systems. On a honeycomb lattice, we measure a wide range of observables, such as double occupancy, uniform spin susceptibility, on site pair correlation vertex, on-site pair correlation length, potential energy, kinetic energy, to monitor the BEC-type and BCS-type behaviors coexisting in the system. In different regions of the interaction strength-temperature parametric plane, we find that the BEC-type and BCS-type behaviors dominate at different regions of the interaction strength-temperature parametric plane, and they have crossover in the intermediate interaction strength region. / Su, Shiquan. / Adviser: Hai-Qing Lin. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3570. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-107). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307. / Su, Shiquan.
|
473 |
Parameter estimation for ranking data with Markov Chain Monte Carlo stochastic approximation. / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / Digital dissertation consortiumJanuary 2002 (has links)
Huang Changquan. / "April 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-71). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.
|
474 |
Full Bayesian boolean network inference based on Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.January 2012 (has links)
在生物信息學中, 基因調控網絡推斷不斷受到人們的重視。各種不同的網絡模型被用來描述基因之間的調控關係, 其中包括布爾網絡, 概率布爾網絡, 貝葉斯網絡等。本文主要是討論基於數據的布爾網絡推斷。現在已經有很多方法來推斷節點是離散變量的網絡結構。比如REVEAL算法,Best Fit Extension 算法是兩種比較受歡迎的推斷網絡結構方法。並且他們在網絡的節點數目不是很多的情況下有很好的表現。然而, 現今很多方法對噪音和模型的不確定性沒有足夠的考慮。這也使得這些方法在實際應用中的表現不是很令人滿意。本文中, 我們用完全貝葉斯的方法去研究概率布爾網絡空間。在給定樣本的情況下, 我們提出了一種新的基於馬爾科夫鏈蒙特卡羅的算法。這種算法使得不同的網絡模型根據他們的後驗概率在整個網絡空間中跳動。為使得網絡模型能更好地在不同模型中轉換,我們把局部小網絡根據他們的可能性分配給他們相應的概率值。這些可能的局部小網絡是在數據前期處理中通過卡方檢驗得到的。和其他同類方法一樣, 雖然我們的方法也同樣面臨著在一個很大的網絡空間中搜索的難題, 但我們的方法能達到一個更高的推斷精度。同時,我們的方法所對應的計算量也是在可接收範圍之內。 / In bioinformatics, the gene regulatory network inference is gaining intensive attention nowadays. Various network models have been used to describe gene regulatory relationships, including deterministic Boolean networks, probabilistic Boolean networks, Bayesian networks, etc. This dissertation is focused on data-based Boolean network reconstruction. Many methods have been proposed to infer this discrete network structure. For example, the REVEAL algorithm and the Best-Fit Extension method are popular and perform well for the networks with limited total number of nodes. However, existing methods didn't take full consideration of the ubiquitous noise across the network and the structure uncertainty, which makes these algorithms unsatisfactory in real applications. In this dissertation, we use a full Bayesian approach to explore the space of probabilistic Boolean networks. To compare the relative fitness of networks to the input data, we design novel Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to jump among con rained networks according to the joint posterior probability. To facilitate the transdimensional move, high proposing probabilities are assigned to more likely subnetwork models as judged by chi-square tests in the preprocessing step. Although faced with the same difficulty of searching in a huge structure space as other methods, our algorithm is expected to reconstruct the Boolean network in a more accurate and comprehensive manner with a bearable computing cost. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Han, Shengtong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-105). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Technical Background --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Classical Boolean Network --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Definition --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Dynamic Properties --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Probabilistic Boolean Network --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Definition --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Dynamic Properties --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- Bayesian Framework for Boolean Network Modeling --- p.12 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- Network Modeling --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Subnetwork Modeling --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Full Network Modeling --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Prior & Posterior Distributions --- p.23 / Chapter 4 --- Network Inference-MCMC --- p.29 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2 --- Proposal Subnetwork Construction --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3 --- Network Structure Updating --- p.33 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Individual Network Updating Moves --- p.33 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Overall Network Updating Procedure --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- The Core Metroplis-Hasting Algorithm --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4 --- Convergence Diagnostic --- p.40 / Chapter 4.5 --- Model Selection --- p.41 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- AIC, BIC --- p.42 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Bayes Factor --- p.42 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Reversible Jump MCMC --- p.43 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Bayesian Model Averaging --- p.45 / Chapter 4.6 --- Computational Consideration --- p.46 / Chapter 5 --- Numerical Studies --- p.49 / Chapter 5.1 --- Simulation Studies --- p.49 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Simulation for Synthetic Network Models with Small Number of Nodes --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Simulation for Synthetic Network Models with Large Number of Nodes --- p.64 / Chapter 5.2 --- Comparison with Other Methods --- p.68 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Comparison Results --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Discussion --- p.72 / Chapter 6 --- Real Data Analysis --- p.74 / Chapter 6.1 --- A Real Cell Cycle Network --- p.74 / Chapter 6.2 --- Inference Result --- p.76 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.79 / Chapter 7 --- Summary and Discussion --- p.80 / Bibliography --- p.83 / Chapter A --- Data Pre-processing --- p.83 / Chapter A.1 --- Data Discretization --- p.83 / Chapter B --- Truth Tables for Commonly Used Basic Logic Functions --- p.85 / Chapter C --- All Distribution Tables for Gene Pairs and Gene Triplets --- p.86 / Chapter C.1 --- Distribution Assumptions for Input Gene Pairs --- p.86 / Chapter C.2 --- Distribution Assumptions for Gene Triplets --- p.87 / Chapter D --- Pseudo Code of the Algorithm --- p.91 / Chapter D.1 --- Case 1: In-degree=1 --- p.91 / Chapter D.2 --- Case 2: In-degree=2 --- p.93 / Chapter D.3 --- Case 3: In-degree=0 --- p.93
|
475 |
A Monte Carlo Method for pricing American options.January 2003 (has links)
by Lam Wing Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 41). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Background on Option Pricing --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Financial options --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Basic terms of options --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Trading strategies --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- The Principle of no Arbitrage --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Rational boundaries on Option Prices --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- American Options --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Put-Call Parity --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Black-Scholes equation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Derivation of Black-Scholes equation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Solution to the Black-Scholes equation --- p.10 / Chapter 3 --- Review on Monte Carlo Method --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- Monte Carlo Simulation --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Pricing an option using Monte Carlo Method --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3 --- Antithetic Variates Method --- p.21 / Chapter 4 --- Cell Partition Method --- p.23 / Chapter 4.1 --- An Advantage of the Cell Partition Method --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Algorithm --- p.24 / Chapter 5 --- Numerical Results --- p.35 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.39 / Bibliography --- p.41
|
476 |
Structural equation models with continuous and polytomous variables: comparisons on the bayesian and the two-stage partition approaches.January 2003 (has links)
Chung Po-Yi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-34). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Bayesian Approach --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Model Description --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Identification --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- Bayesian Analysis of the Model --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Posterior Analysis --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- The Gibbs Sampler --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Conditional Distributions --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- Bayesian Estimation --- p.13 / Chapter 3 --- Two-stage Partition Approach --- p.15 / Chapter 3.1 --- First Stage: PRELIS --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Second Stage: LISREL --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Model Description --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Identification --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- LISREL Analysis of the Model --- p.18 / Chapter 4 --- Comparison --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1 --- Simulation Studies --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2 --- Real Data Studies --- p.28 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion & Discussion --- p.30 / Chapter A --- Tables for the Two Approaches --- p.35 / Chapter B --- Manifest variables in the ICPSR examples --- p.51 / Chapter C --- PRELIS & LISREL Scripts for Simulation Studies --- p.52
|
477 |
Estudos espectrais aplicados à radioterapia utilizando o método de Monte Carlo / Spectral studies applied to radiation therapy using the Monte Carlo method.Costa, Gustavo de Menezes Pontes da 21 October 2013 (has links)
O controle da qualidade é uma prática essencial em radioterapia para se garantir que a dose prescrita seja realmente entregue ao paciente. Essa etapa da radioterapia é fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento, pois sem executá -lo o paciente pode ser subdosado ou sobredosado sem que o físico médico possa estimar o erro estabelecido entre a dose prescrita e dose recebida. Dentre os métodos para o controle da qualidade em radioterapia, as dosimetrias in vivo permitem determinar as doses recebidas pelo paciente durante o tratamento. Diferentes técnicas podem ser utilizadas em dosimetria in vivo, sendo uma das mais comuns a dosimetria por transmissão, que compreende a comparação entre os sinais de um dado dosímetro posicionado na entrada e na saída do paciente , nas condições de irradiação. Desta forma, o conhecimento dos espectros incidente e transmitido pelo paciente podem ser utilizados tanto para o cálculo das doses em profundidade no paciente quanto para a correção de resposta de dosímetros em dosimetrias in vivo por transmissão. O método Monte Carlo pode ser utilizado para reproduzir diversas situações desejadas em radioterapia, que pode ser tanto, em controle da qualidade como, em tratamentos, por ser uma ferramenta acurada e sem restrições físicas e financeiras. Esse trabalho se propõe a determinar a perturbação sofrida pelo feixe primário ao atravessar objetos simuladores por meio da determinação da fluência energética e da energia depositada em diferentes condições de irradiação, através do método Monte Carlo. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma quantidade de situações utilizando-se o código PENELOPE para possibilitar a análise do comportamento de fluências energéticas e energias depositadas. Os parâmetros clínicos que sofreram variação para a analise foram a espessura do objeto simulador, o tamanho de campo e a distância fonte-superfície (DFS). Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que a dependência em relação a cada parâmetro clínico é diferente, como é o caso da DFS, que influência mais na resposta do que o tamanho de campo, por exemplo. Portanto, esse trabalho pode ser uma ferramenta para trabalhos posteriores no estabelecimento de protocolos de relação entre fluência e dose, bem como, de armazenamento ou aplicação de dose em pacientes. / Quality control is an essential practice in radiation oncology in order to ensure that the prescribed dose is delivered to the patient. This step of radiation therapy is very important to successful treatment, because without it the patient may receive bellow dose or over dose without the physical doctor can estimate the error established between the prescribed dose and dose received. One of the methods for quality control in radiotherapy, the in vivo dosimetry let you determine the doses received by the patient during the treatment. Different techniques can be used in vivo dosimetry, being one of the most common dosimetry for transmission, which includes the comparison of the signs of a dosimeter placed on the entrance and exit of patient irradiation conditions. In this way, the knowledge of incident spectra and transmitted by the patient can be used for both the calculation of doses in depth in the patient as to the dosimeter response in vivo dosimetry for transmission. The Monte Carlo method can be used to make a variety of situations you want in radiotherapy, and may be as much in quality as in control treatments for being a tool accurately and without physical and financial constraints. This work aims to determine the disturbance suffered by primary beam across objects simulators through determination of energy flow and energy deposited in different irradiation conditions through the Monte Carlo method. This work was developed a number of situations using the PENELOPE code to enable the analysis of the behavior of energy deposited energies and skills. The clinical parameters that have suffered the assess variation ranges were the thickness of the object Simulator, the field size and source surface distance (SSD). The results show that the dependence on each clinical parameter is different, as is the case of DFS, which most influence on response than the field size, for example. Therefore, this work can be a tool for further work on the establishment of relationship between fluency and protocols, as well as dose, dose storage in patients.
|
478 |
Técnicas de amostragem inteligente em simulação de Monte Carlo / Intelligent sampling techniques in Monte Carlo simulationSantos, Ketson Roberto Maximiano dos 26 March 2014 (has links)
A confiabilidade de estruturas apresenta sólidos desenvolvimentos teóricos e crescentes aplicações práticas. Durante os últimos anos, avanços significativos foram obtidos em termos dos métodos de transformação (FORM, SORM), bem como em termos das técnicas de simulação de Monte Carlo. Métodos de transformação se mostraram eficientes para problemas de dimensões e não-linearidades moderadas. Já técnicas de simulação sempre permitiram a solução de problemas de grandes dimensões e fortemente não lineares, embora o custo computacional possa ser uma séria limitação. Com o avanço da capacidade de processamento dos computadores e com o desenvolvimento de técnicas de amostragem inteligente, a simulação de Monte Carlo passa a ser cada vez mais viável. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar e programar em computador técnicas de amostragem inteligente em simulação de Monte Carlo. O StRAnD é um programa de computador que já possui implementadas as técnicas de simulação de Monte Carlo Bruto e com Amostragem por Importância, ambas utilizando a Amostragem Simples na geração das variáveis básicas. Assim, são adicionadas, ao StRAnD, as técnicas de Amostragem Assintótica, Amostragem Melhorada e Simulação de Subconjuntos. Além disso, são programadas as técnicas de Amostragem por Hipercubo Latino e Amostragem por Variáveis Antitéticas. Nesta dissertação, são analisados seis problemas distintos, de forma que as vantagens e desvantagens de cada técnica sejam avaliadas, em termos da probabilidade de falha, do coeficiente de variação da probabilidade de falha, do erro relativo da probabilidade de falha e do tempo de processamento. / The structural reliability presents solid theoretical developments and increasing practical applications. During the past few years, significant advances were achieved in terms of transformation methods (FORM and SORM), as well as, in terms of Monte Carlo Simulation. Transformation methods are effective in problems with moderate dimensions and moderate nonlinearities. On the other hand, simulation techniques can be used to solve high-dimensional problems and highly nonlinear problems, although the computational cost could be a serious limitation. With the progress of computer processing capacity and with the development of intelligent sampling techniques, the Monte Carlo Simulation becomes increasingly feasible. This work aims to study and program intelligent sampling techniques in Monte Carlo simulation. The StRAnD (Structural Reliability Analysis and Design) software already has Crude Monte Carlo and Importance Sampling Monte Carlo, both using Simple Sampling as basic samples generator. Thus, the Asymptotic Sampling technique, the Enhanced Sampling technique and the Subset Simulation were added to the software. Moreover, the Latin Hypercube Sampling technique and the Antithetic Variates techniques were also added to the software. Six problems were evaluated in order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, in terms of probability of failure, coefficient of variation of the probability of failure, relative error and processing time.
|
479 |
Random Walk Models, Preferential Attachment, and Sequential Monte Carlo Methods for Analysis of Network DataBloem-Reddy, Benjamin Michael January 2017 (has links)
Networks arise in nearly every branch of science, from biology and physics to sociology and economics. A signature of many network datasets is strong local dependence, which gives rise to phenomena such as sparsity, power law degree distributions, clustering, and structural heterogeneity. Statistical models of networks require a careful balance of flexibility to faithfully capture that dependence, and simplicity, to make analysis and inference tractable. In this dissertation, we introduce a class of models that insert one network edge at a time via a random walk, permitting the location of new edges to depend explicitly on the structure of the existing network, while remaining probabilistically and computationally tractable. Connections to graph kernels are made through the probability generating function of the random walk length distribution. The limiting degree distribution is shown to exhibit power law behavior, and the properties of the limiting degree sequence are studied analytically with martingale methods. In the second part of the dissertation, we develop a class of particle Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to perform inference for a large class of sequential random graph models, even when the observation consists only of a single graph. Using these methods, we derive a particle Gibbs sampler for random walk models. Fit to synthetic data, the sampler accurately recovers the model parameters; fit to real data, the model offers insight into the typical length scale of dependence in the network, and provides a new measure of vertex centrality.
The arrival times of new vertices are the key to obtaining results for both theory and inference. In the third part, we undertake a careful study of the relationship between the arrival times, sparsity, and heavy tailed degree distributions in preferential attachment-type models of partitions and graphs. A number of constructive representations of the limiting degrees are obtained, and connections are made to exchangeable Gibbs partitions as well as to recent results on the limiting degrees of preferential attachment graphs.
|
480 |
Estudo compartimental e dosimétrico do anti-CD20 marcado com 188Re / Compartmental and dosimetric studies of anti-CD20 labelled with 188ReGraciela Barrio Kuramoto 15 January 2016 (has links)
A radioimunoterapia (RIT) faz uso de anticorpos monoclonais conjugados com radionuclídeos emissores α ou β-, ambos para terapia. O tratamento baseia-se na irradiação e destruição do tumor, preservando os órgãos normais quanto ao excesso de radiação. Radionuclídeos emissores β- como 90Y, 131I, 177Lu e 188Re, são úteis para o desenvolvimento de radiofármacos terapêuticos e, quando associados a AcM como o Anti-CD20 são importantes principalmente para o tratamento de Linfomas Não Hodgkins (LNH). 188Re (Eβ- = 2,12 MeV; Eγ= 155 keV; t1/2 = 16,9 h) é um radionuclídeo atrativo para RIT. O Centro de Radiofarmácia do IPEN possui um projeto que visa a produção do radiofármaco 188Re-Anti-CD20. Com isso,este estudo foi proposto para avaliar a eficácia desta técnica de marcação para tratamento em termos compartimentais e dosimétricos. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na compararação da marcação do AcM anti-CD20 com 188Re com a marcação do anticorpo com 90Y, 131I, 177Lu e 99mTc (pelas suas características químicas similares) e 211At, 213Bi, 223Ra e 225Ac. Através do estudo de técnicas de marcação relatadas em literatura, foi proposto um modelo compartimental para avaliação de sua farmacocinética e estudos dosimétricos, de alto interesse para a terapia. A revisão de dados publicados na literatura, possibilitou demonstrar diferentes procedimentos de marcação, rendimentos de marcação, tempo de reação, impurezas e estudos de biodistribuição. O resultado do estudo mostra uma cinética favorável para o 188Re, pelas suas características físicas e químicas frente aos demais radionuclídeos avaliados. O estudo compartimental proposto descreve o metabolismo do 188Re-anti-CD20 através de um modelo compartimental mamilar, que pela sua análise farmacocinética, realizada em comparação aos produtos marcados com emissores β-: 131I-antiCD20, 177Lu-anti-CD20, o emissor γ 99mTc-anti-CD20 e o emissor α 211At-Anti-CD20, apresentou uma constante de eliminação de aproximadamente 0,05 horas-1 no sangue do animal. A avaliação dosimétrica do 188Re-Anti-CD20 foi realizada através de duas metodologias: pelo método de Monte Carlo e pelo uso de uma fonte pontual β- através da Fórmula de Loevinger via programa Excel. Através da Fórmula de Loevinger fez-se a validação do método de Monte Carlo para a dosimetria do 188Re-Anti-CD20 e dos demais produtos. As doses e as taxas de doses obtidas pelos dois métodos foram avaliadas em comparação à dosimetria do 90Y-Anti-CD20, 131I-Anti-CD20 e do 177Lu-Anti-CD20, obtidas pela mesma metodologia. O estudo de dose foi realizado utilizando modelos matemáticos considerando um camundongo nude de 25g, simulando diferentes tamanhos de tumor e diferentes formas de distribuição do produto dentro do animal. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pela energia de emissão β-, 188Re-Anti-CD20 apresenta maior deposição de energia para tumores volumosos em relação aos demais produtos avaliados. Em uma simulação com 100% do produto captado pelo tumor, 89% da dose total manteve-se absorvida pelo tumor, preservando a integridade de ógãos críticos como coração (2%), pulmões (5%), coluna (4%), fígado (0,014%) e rins (0,0007%). Em uma simulação onde há uma biodistribuição do produto no organismo do animal, 38% da dose total é absorvida pelo tumor e >3% é absorvida pela coluna. Nessa situação mais próxima da realidade, a extrapolação dos dados para um humano de 70kg, mostrou que a dose absorvida no tumor corresponde a cerca de 33%; na coluna 7% e o coração receberia uma dose de 35% do total. A análise compartimental e dosimétrica apresentada neste trabalho, realizada através do uso de um modelo animal para o 188Re-Anti-CD20 mostra que o produto desenvolvido e apresentado em literatura é candidato promissor para a RIT. / The radioimmunotherapy (RIT) uses MAbs conjugated to radionuclides α or β- emitters, both for therapy. Your treatment is based on the irradiation and tumor destruction, preserving the normal organs as the excess radiation. Radionuclides β- emitters as 131I, 90Y, 188Re 177Lu and are useful for the development of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and, when coupled with MAb and Anti-CD20 it is important mainly for the treatment of non-Hodgkin\'s lymphomas (NHL). 188Re (Eβ- = 2.12 MeV; Eγ = 155 keV; t1/2 = 16.9 h) is an attractive radionuclide for RIT. However, 188Re can be obtained from a radionuclide generator of 188W/188Re, commercially available, making it convenient for use in research and for clinical routine. The CR of IPEN has a project aimed at the production of radiopharmaceutical 188Re-Anti-CD20, where the radionuclide can be obtained from a generator system 188W/188Re. With this proposed a study to assess the efficiency of this labeling technique for treatment in accordance compartmental and dosimetry. The objective of this study was to compare the marking of anti-CD20 MAb with 188Re with the marking of the antibody with 90Y, 131I, 177Lu and 99mTc (for their similar chemical characteristics) and 211At, 213Bi, 223Ra and 225Ac); through the study of labeling techniques reported in literature, the proposal of a compartmental model to evaluate its pharmacokinetic and dosimetric studies, high interest for therapy. The result of the study shows a favorable kinetics for 188Re, by their physical and chemical characteristics compared to the other evaluated radionuclides. The compartment proposed study describes the metabolism of 188Re-anti-CD20 through a compartment mammillary model, which by their pharmacokinetic analysis, performed compared to products emissores β- 131I-labeled antiCD20, 177Lu-anti-CD20, the γ emitter 99mTc-Anti-CD20 and emitter 211At-Anti-CD20 presented a elimination constant of approximately 0.05 hours-1 in the animal\'s blood. The dosimetric evaluation of 188Re-Anti-CD20 was performed using two methodologies: the Monte Carlo method and the use of a point source β- by Formula Loevinger by Excel program. In the Formula Loevinger, there was a validation of the Monte Carlo method for dosimetry of 188Re-Anti-CD20 and other products. The doses and dose rates obtained by the two methods were evaluated in comparison with 90Y-Anti-CD20, 131I-Anti-CD20 and 177Lu-Anti-CD20 dosimetry, obtained by the same methodology. The dose study was conducted using mathematical models considering a nude mouse 25 g, simulating different tumor sizes and different forms of distribution of the product within the animal. According to the results, the energy emission β-, 188Re-Anti-CD20 has a higher energy deposition for large tumors when compared to other products evaluated. In a simulation with 100% of the product uptake by tumor, 89% of the total dose remained absorbed by the tumor, while preserving the integrity of critical ógãos as heart (2%), lung (5%), column (4%), liver (0.014%) and kidneys (0.0007%). In a simulation where there is a biodistribution of the product in the animal organism, 38% of the total dose absorbed by the tumor and >3% is absorbed by the column. In this situation closer to reality, the extrapolation of the data for a 70kg human, showed that the absorbed dose to tumor corresponds to about 33%; In column 7% and the heart would receive a dose of 35% of the total. The compartmental analysis and dosimetric presented in this work, performed through use of an animal model for the 188Re-anti-CD20 shows that the product developed and presented in the literature is promising candidate for RIT.
|
Page generated in 0.0337 seconds