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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

"Contribuição das medidas volumétricas das estruturas temporais mesiais e neocorticais ao tratamento cirúrgico da epilepsia do lobo temporal" / Contribution of magnetic resonance volumetry of mesial and neocortical temporal structures in the surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy

Araújo Junior, David 24 April 2003 (has links)
Resumo ARAÚJO, D Contribuição das medidas volumétricas das estruturas temporais mesiais e neocorticais ao tratamento cirúrgico das epilepsias do lobo temporal. 2003. 120 p. Tese de doutorado. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. A epilepsia do lobo temporal é a forma mais comum de epilepsia focal sintomática e a esclerose mesial temporal a sua causa mais freqüente. A volumetria por ressonância magnética pode ser útil na investigação da epileptogênese na epilepsia temporal, bem como na lateralização das alterações hipocampais em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia, como já relatado em diversas séries. Realizamos a volumetria das estruturas do lobo temporal em 69 pacientes com suspeita clínica de epilepsia mesial temporal, avaliados consecutivamente no Centro de Cirurgia de Epilepsia do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. As estruturas medidas foram o pólo temporal, o lobo temporal, a amígdala, o hipocampo e o giro parahipocampal. Estas medidas foram comparadas às variáveis clínicas e neurofisiológicas dos pacientes, buscando fatores de bom prognóstico para o tratamento cirúrgico, bem como de variáveis clínicas que permitissem a correlação entre comprometimento estrutural e funcional. Nossos resultados mostraram uma importância central do hipocampo na epileptogênses temporal, embora não esteja elucidado se este papel é primário e independente ou secundário a alterações conjuntas com as outras estruturas. Todos os nossos casos apresentaram comprometimento hipocampal absoluto, relativo ou de assimetria. O pólo temporal foi a estrutura neocortical mais comprometida e houve uma correlação entre sua perda volumétrica e o tempo de epilepsia, sugerindo um dano progressivo. Seu comprometimento correlacionou-se ainda a déficits cognitivos, com menor quociente geral de inteligência. A amígdala e o giro parahipocampal estiveram relacionados à presença de crises parciais simples evoluindo para complexas, correlacionando dados clínicos e estruturais. Palavras chave: Epilepsia temporal; Volumetria; Tratamento cirúrgico. / Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most commom form of focal epilepsy. Mesial temporal sclerosis is the usual etiology. Magnetic resonance volumetry may be a useful research tool, and may be used to lateralize hippocampal changes in surgical candidates, according to several reports. We performed temporal lobe volumetry in 69 consecutive patients of the Epilepsy Surgery Center of the Hospital of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo. We measured temporal pole, posterior segment of the temporal lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus. The volumes were compared to clinical and neurophysiologic variables, as an attempt to find variables that could predict surgical outcome. We also sought correlations between structural (volume), and functional (epileptogenesis and clinical features) changes. Our data suggest that the hippocampus has a very important role in temporal lobe epilepsy. The question as to wether this role is primary or secundary to changes in other structures remains to be solved. In all of our cases the hippocampal volume was altered, either as absolute or relative volumes, or as asymmetry index. The only variable that correlated with postsurgical outcome was the hippocampal asymmetry index, being greater in the group with best postsurgical evolution. The most involved neocortical structure was the temporal pole. There was a correlation between temporal pole and amygdala volume and duration of epilepsy. This suggests a progressive damabe, added to the initial precipitating injury (IPI). There was also significant difference between mesial structures contralateral to the surgery side and those of the controls. These data shows more widespread and bilateral damage, even in patients with unilateral epilepsy by EEG and clinical criteria.
2

"Contribuição das medidas volumétricas das estruturas temporais mesiais e neocorticais ao tratamento cirúrgico da epilepsia do lobo temporal" / Contribution of magnetic resonance volumetry of mesial and neocortical temporal structures in the surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy

David Araújo Junior 24 April 2003 (has links)
Resumo ARAÚJO, D Contribuição das medidas volumétricas das estruturas temporais mesiais e neocorticais ao tratamento cirúrgico das epilepsias do lobo temporal. 2003. 120 p. Tese de doutorado. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. A epilepsia do lobo temporal é a forma mais comum de epilepsia focal sintomática e a esclerose mesial temporal a sua causa mais freqüente. A volumetria por ressonância magnética pode ser útil na investigação da epileptogênese na epilepsia temporal, bem como na lateralização das alterações hipocampais em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia, como já relatado em diversas séries. Realizamos a volumetria das estruturas do lobo temporal em 69 pacientes com suspeita clínica de epilepsia mesial temporal, avaliados consecutivamente no Centro de Cirurgia de Epilepsia do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. As estruturas medidas foram o pólo temporal, o lobo temporal, a amígdala, o hipocampo e o giro parahipocampal. Estas medidas foram comparadas às variáveis clínicas e neurofisiológicas dos pacientes, buscando fatores de bom prognóstico para o tratamento cirúrgico, bem como de variáveis clínicas que permitissem a correlação entre comprometimento estrutural e funcional. Nossos resultados mostraram uma importância central do hipocampo na epileptogênses temporal, embora não esteja elucidado se este papel é primário e independente ou secundário a alterações conjuntas com as outras estruturas. Todos os nossos casos apresentaram comprometimento hipocampal absoluto, relativo ou de assimetria. O pólo temporal foi a estrutura neocortical mais comprometida e houve uma correlação entre sua perda volumétrica e o tempo de epilepsia, sugerindo um dano progressivo. Seu comprometimento correlacionou-se ainda a déficits cognitivos, com menor quociente geral de inteligência. A amígdala e o giro parahipocampal estiveram relacionados à presença de crises parciais simples evoluindo para complexas, correlacionando dados clínicos e estruturais. Palavras chave: Epilepsia temporal; Volumetria; Tratamento cirúrgico. / Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most commom form of focal epilepsy. Mesial temporal sclerosis is the usual etiology. Magnetic resonance volumetry may be a useful research tool, and may be used to lateralize hippocampal changes in surgical candidates, according to several reports. We performed temporal lobe volumetry in 69 consecutive patients of the Epilepsy Surgery Center of the Hospital of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo. We measured temporal pole, posterior segment of the temporal lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus. The volumes were compared to clinical and neurophysiologic variables, as an attempt to find variables that could predict surgical outcome. We also sought correlations between structural (volume), and functional (epileptogenesis and clinical features) changes. Our data suggest that the hippocampus has a very important role in temporal lobe epilepsy. The question as to wether this role is primary or secundary to changes in other structures remains to be solved. In all of our cases the hippocampal volume was altered, either as absolute or relative volumes, or as asymmetry index. The only variable that correlated with postsurgical outcome was the hippocampal asymmetry index, being greater in the group with best postsurgical evolution. The most involved neocortical structure was the temporal pole. There was a correlation between temporal pole and amygdala volume and duration of epilepsy. This suggests a progressive damabe, added to the initial precipitating injury (IPI). There was also significant difference between mesial structures contralateral to the surgery side and those of the controls. These data shows more widespread and bilateral damage, even in patients with unilateral epilepsy by EEG and clinical criteria.
3

Entwicklung eines 7 Tesla-MRT-Algorithmus zur farbkodierten Volumetrie der Mamillarkörper in vivo bei Bipolarer Störung – eine Pilotstudie

Freund, Nora 03 June 2017 (has links)
Involviert in Netzwerke für das episodische Gedächtnis sowie als Bestandteil des Hypothalamus und des limbischen Systems stellen sich die im Zwischenhirn gelegenen Mamillarkörper als Zielstruktur im Kontext affektiver Störungen dar. Bislang waren die Mamillarkörper diesbezüglich lediglich in einer postmortem durchgeführten Studie Gegenstand der Forschung; es liegen keine Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der 7 Tesla-Magnetresonanztomografie vor. Um diese neuen Möglichkeiten der in vivo-Volumetrie im Submillimeterbereich auszuschöpfen, wurde auf Grundlage einer farbkodierten Darstellung ein detaillierter Algorithmus entwickelt, der sich als Hauptergebnis der vorliegenden Arbeit als hoch reliabel erwies. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wurde darüber hinaus das Mamillarkörper-Volumen von 14 Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer Bipolaren Störung und 20 gesunden Kontrollpersonen anhand von hochaufgelösten T1-gewichteten MRT-Bildern bestimmt. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden, ebenso kein Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Volumen der Mamillarkörper signifikant invers mit dem Alter der ProbandInnen korreliert. Des Weiteren wurde eine signifikante positive Korrelation mit dem Gesamthirnvolumen der ProbandInnen festgestellt. Krankheitsschwere und Episodenzahl hingegen hatten keinen Einfluss auf das Mamillarkörper-Volumen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Pilotstudie sollten anhand einer größeren Stichprobe überprüft werden.
4

In vivo Quantification of Brain Volumes in Subcortical Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

Pantel, Johannes, Schröder, Johannes, Essig, Marco, Jauss, Marek, Schneider, G., Eysenbach, Katrin, Kummer, Rüdiger von, Baudendistel, Klaus, Schad, Lothar R., Knopp, Michael V. January 1998 (has links)
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess global and regional cerebral volumes in patients with a clinical diagnosis of subcortical vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whole brain volume, cerebrospinal fluid volume, volumes of the temporal, frontal and parietal lobes, the cerebellum and the amygdala-hippocampus complex were determined using a personal computer-based software. Seventeen patients with VD, 22 patients with AD and 13 healthy controls were included. Analysis of covariance using age as covariate demonstrated significant mean differences between controls and dementia groups with respect to all morphological parameters. However, apart from the volume of the cerebellum no significant volumetric differences were found between VD and AD. These results indicate that MRI-based volumetry allows differentiation between AD or VD from normal controls and that measurement of cerebellar volume may be of use to separate vascular and degenerative dementia. However, since the distribution of cerebral atrophy in both dementia groups is very similar, it is suggested that the atrophic changes are not specific to the underlying cause but rather reflect the selective vulnerability of neuronal structures. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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