This paper deals with the characterization of multiplication operators, especially with its behavior in the ill-posed case. We want to classify the different types and degrees of ill-posedness. We give some connections between this classification and regularization methods.

Thèse de doctorat : Mathématiques : Lille 1 : 2002. / N° d'ordre (Lille) : 3112. Bibliogr. p. 101-103.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a web-based strategic, interactive computer application (Fun Fraction) on the ability of middle school students with LD, who have mathematics goals on their IEPs, to solve word problems with fractions and multiplication including two factors of a whole number (less than or equal to 4) and proper fractions. A multiple-probe single case research design across subjects was applied for the study. Three middle school students with learning disabilities participated in baseline, intervention, and maintenance test sessions over a 13-week period. Findings showed that there was an experimental effect for all three students, tested on their instructional probes; students' performance improved from baseline to intervention phases after receiving instruction through Fun Fraction. John and Alec reached the mastery level of 80% on two of the three review days. The level of change from baseline to intervention phases ranged from 28.67% to 68.89%. Even through there was no immediacy effect for John, the trend of his data (10.33) revealed a substantial growth in general. Additionally, the percentage of data showing improvement between baseline and intervention phases was 70% for Tiffany, 56% for John, and 100% for Alec. In particular, the improvement trend of Alec's data was statistically significant (Tau[subscript novlap] = 1, p < .05, CI 90% = .341<>1.659). All of them reached 80% accuracy percentage on their one-time maintenance tests. Regarding the three problem types of combine, partition, and compare for each representation and equation question, students struggled the most with combine representation questions and showed relatively better competence in compare equation questions. A learning-related social validity questionnaire and usability questionnaire indicated that students liked learning through Fun Fraction and recognized well the useful interaction design features embedded in Fun Fraction. Cognitive and metacognitive strategy questionnaires also indicated that students liked the represent strategy that allowed students to manipulate the rectangular area model, and students expressed positive views on the thinking process through metacognitive strategies embedded in Fun Fraction. / text

Students need to develop computational proficiency with basic facts (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) to be successful in more advanced mathematics such as instruction in fractions, decimals, ratios, and rates (Gersten et al., 2009; NCTM, 2010; NMAP, 2008). Specifically, the Curriculum Focal Points for Prekindergarten through Grade 8 Mathematics (NCTM, 2006) stresses the importance of automaticity in basic facts and the application of these skills to solving word problems. For older elementary students, it is vital that they are proficient in multiplication and related division facts in preparation for working with fractions and other algebra readiness skills. Thus, the purpose of this study was to teach multiplication and division facts using systematic, strategic instruction with and without self-regulation strategies. A single-subject, time-series design was employed to measure items correct on daily probes with nine, fourth grade students. The daily probes were designed with 15 review facts and 25 new facts to measure the ability to solve easy, review facts with automaticity and hard facts specifically taught during instruction. All instruction occurred in small groups (4 – 5 students), after school, with a trained instructor. The students received strategic, systematic instruction in hard multiplication and division facts (9s, 4/6/8s and 7s) with and without additional self-regulation components (self-correction, graphing and goal setting). Multiplication and division were taught together as a fact family, rather than apart, to increase conceptual understanding of the relation between multiplication and division. The findings showed that the students made positive growth in both operations in terms of items correct and fluency; with an increase in accuracy and decrease in time to reach phase change criteria when the intervention was embedded with self-regulation components. Findings from social validity measures from participants support the use of self-regulation as a means to increase motivation. / text

This thesis reports the results of a large number of experiments which were designed to elucidate the mechanisms whereby Gambian children, suffering from acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria may eventually control their infections. These experiments were carried out in vitro and success or failure of the various test systems was judged by their effect on parasite multiplication. Early in the course of these investiqations it was demonstrated that mononuclear cells from these children could cooperate with antibodies present in their serum to bring about a marked reduction in parasite growth. The efficiency of this antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism was related to levels of parasitaemia in the children, being greater in convalescent children than in those with acute malaria. Attempts were now made to identify the effector cells in this ADCC. Purified T and B cells were ineffective and although purified adherent cells (A) had an effect, it was much less than that mediated by the undepleted mononuclear cell population. Adherent cells were, however, fully effective in ADCC if they were exposed to the supernatant from T cells non-specifically activated by PHA. Thus cell cooperation leading to activation appears to play an important role in this system. Finally, experiments were set up to determine whether activated mononuclear cells could exert an inhibitory effect on parasite multiplication which was independent of anti-malarial antibody. It was shown that depression of parasite growth could be achieved by mononuclear cells, either from the children or from Europeans, if these cells were exposed to supernatants of previously stimulated mononuclear cells. These findings can be assembled to provide a tentative model of the development of protective responses in vivo. Perhaps following phagocytosis of parasite antigens and their presentation on the cell surface, T cells become activated: they may cooperate with B cells to produce parasite specific antibodies; they may also activate other mononuclear cells (non T, non B) to become effector cells. These cells, either alone, or perhaps more efficiently in cooperation with antibody, are able to kill parasites by the release of toxic factors, and the infection is brought under control. Finally, large amounts of specific antibodies of appropriate isotypes are synthesized. Acting as opsonins or by activating complement, they may serve to destroy remaining parasites. Their continued presence, by preventing merozoite penetration, may provide at least a temporary defense against reinfection. It is assumed that Gambian adults who have suffered repeated malaria infections and are now immune are defended by their possession of circulating IgG antibodies and B memory cells of all appropriate specificities.

This thesis presents the ASIC implementation of the RSA algorithm, which is one of the most widely used Public Key Cryptosystems (PKC) in the world. In RSA Cryptosystem, modular exponentiation of large integers is used for both encryption and decryption processes. The security of the RSA increases as the number of the bits increase. However, as the numbers become larger (1024-bit or higher) the challenge is to provide architectures, which can be implemented in hardware, operate at high clock speeds, use a minimum of resources and can be used in real-time applications. In this thesis, a semi-custom VLSI implementation of the RSA Cryptosystem is performed for both 512-bit and 1024-bit processes using 0.35&micro / m AMI Semiconductor Standard Cell Libraries. By suiting the design into a systolic and regular architecture, the broadcasting signals and routing delays are minimized in the implementation. With this regular architecture, the results of 3ns clock period (627Kbps) using 87K gates (8.7mm2 with I/O pads) for the 512-bit implementation, and 4ns clock period (237Kps) using 132K gates (10.4mm2 with I/O pads) for the 1024-bit implementation have been achieved. These results are obtained for the worst-case conditions and they include the post-layout routing delays. The design is also verified in real time using the Xilinx V2000E FPGA on the Celoxica RC1000 Hardware. The 1024-bit VLSI implementation has been sent to IMEC for fabrication as a prototype chip through Europractice Multi-Project Wafer (MPW) runs.

Thesis (MTchLn)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). "February 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-147). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-52). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Bibliography: leaves 57-60. Also available online.

Orientador: Jaime Maia dos Santos / Banca: Sergio Ademir Calzavara / Banca: Marineide Mendonça Aguillera / Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi / Banca: Maria Amelia dos Santos / Resumo: A reação de 'HPC 7 B', 'Lady Rosetta', 'Ágata', 'Cupido', 'Monalisa', 'Panda', 'Itararé', 'Asterix', 'Capiro', 'Atlantic', 'Mayor' e 'Canchan' a Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e M. mayaguensis foi avaliada em casa de vegetação. Um novo método in vitro para testar a reação de genótipos de batata à M. javanica foi desenvolvido utilizando mini-tubérculos enraizados. Avaliou-se a reação de 'HPC 1 B', 'HPC 6 B', 'HPC 7 B', 'Ágata' e 'Cupido' a M. javanica e a produção de inóculo em função da densidade do inóculo e do período de incubação. Coletaram-se 168 amostras de tubérculos nas principais regiões produtoras do País para levantar os fitonematóides associados e caracterizar os sintomas. Os genótipos avaliados hospedam M. incognita, M. javanica e M. mayaguensis. A reação in vitro confirma esses resultados. Minitubérculos suportam os fitonematóides por até 180 dias, com produção média máxima estimada em 15.990 ovos por frasco. Foram encontradas Meloidogyne arenaria no Sul de Minas e Rio Grande do Sul (3,5% das amostras), M. incognita em 10% (exceto no Sul do País) e M. javanica em todas as regiões amostradas (50%), causando como principal sintoma em tubérculo e raízes, caroços protuberantes, que dão a superfície aspecto áspero. Identificou-se também Pratylenchus brachyurus em 40% das amostras (exceto no Rio Grande do Sul), P. coffeae em 2,4% (Triângulo Mineiro, Sul de Minas e São Paulo) e P. penetrans (3%), em São Paulo, causando lesões em forma de pontos necróticos, deprimidos, na superfície do tubérculo. Encontrou-se Helicotylenchus dihystera em todas as regiões amostradas (49%). Conquanto esse fitonematóide seja um ectoparasito migrador, as amostras tenham sido constituídas de tubérculos lavados e nenhum sintoma específico foi observado, essa alta freqüência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The reaction of 'HPC 7 B', 'Lady Rosetta', 'Ágata', 'Cupido', 'Monalisa', 'Panda', 'Itararé', 'Asterix', 'Capiro', 'Atlantic', 'Mayor' and 'Canchan' to Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. mayaguensis was evaluated at greenhouse. A new in vitro method to test the reaction of these genotypes to M. javanica was developed using rooted mini-tubers. Were evaluated the reaction of 'HPC 1 B', 'HPC 6 B', 'HPC 7 B', 'Ágata' and 'Cupido' to M. javanica and the inoculum production in terms of density of inoculum and the period of incubation. Were collected 168 samples from symptomatic tubers in the Brazil main producing regions (Goiás, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo), to raise the species of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the crop and to characterize the symptoms. All the genotypes host M. incognita, M. javanica and M. mayaguensis. The in vitro reaction confirms these results. Mini-tubers support the plant parasitic nematodes for up to 180 days, with maximum production of 15,990 eggs per pot. Meloidogyne arenaria was found in Sul de Minas and Rio Grande do Sul (3.5% of samples), M. incognita by 10% (except in the Sul) and M. javanica in all regions sampled (50%), causing knot a major symptom in tuber and roots, giving the surface looks rough. It was also Pratylenchus brachyurus in 40% of the samples (except in Rio Grande do Sul), P. coffeae at 2.4% (Triângulo Mineiro, Sul de Minas and São Paulo) and P. penetrans (3%), in São Paulo, causing lesions in the form of pointed depressed necrotic on the surface of the tuber. Helicotylenchus dihystera was found in all regions sampled (49%). Since the samples consist of tubers have been washed, this plant parasitic nematode is a migratory ectoparasite and no specific symptom was observed, this high frequency requires a more accurate study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor