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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Indicators of multiplicative reasoning among fourth grade students

Carrier, James A. January 1900 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2010. / Directed by Sarah Berenson; submitted to the Dept. of Educational Leadership and Cultural Foundations. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jul. 7, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-138).
32

Effects of Peer Tutoring on the Acquisition of Basic (0-9) Multiplication Facts by Sixth Grade Students with Math Deficits

Eckhart, Victoria Ann 24 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
33

Att undervisa om multiplikation i grundskolans tidigare år : Lärares tankar om introduktion, fortlöpande undervisning och tabellträning / Teaching multiplication in primary school : Teachers' thoughts on the indtroduction, continuing teaching and table training

Magnusson, Andréa January 2015 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur lärare beskriver sin undervisning av multiplikation i årskurs 1−3 och årskurs 4−6 när det kommer till introduktion, fortlöpande undervisning och tabellträning. Kvalitativa intervjuer med sex lärare har genomförts för att undersöka vilka mål de intervjuade lärarna har med sin multiplikationsundervisning samt hur lärarna beskriver innehållet i sin multiplikationsundervisning. Bakgrunden är att lärares uppfattning om vad multiplikation är samt vad multiplikationsundervisningen ska innehålla påverkar vilka lärandemöjligheter eleverna får. Detta innefattar val av förklaringsmodeller, arbetssätt samt lektionsinnehåll, vilket i högsta grad påverkar elevers förståelseutveckling av multiplikationsbegreppet. Att svenska lärare typiskt sett baserar sin undervisning på läromedel lyfts av forskning som en orsak till att svenska elevers taluppfattning och kunskap om aritmetik är svag. Lärare behöver därför komplettera läromedlens framställning av multiplikation i undervisningen. Studiens resultat visar att lärarnas mål med undervisningen berör områden som enligt läroplan och forskning är viktiga för elevers begreppsförståelse och procedurkunskap, men att viktiga bitar i undervisning verkar saknas. Detta berör undervisning om multiplikativa förklaringsmodeller, räknelagar och begrepp kopplade till multiplikation. Lärarnas undervisning om de grundläggande multiplikationstabellerna, där både strategier för att härleda tabellfakta samt drillövningar av dessa uppges ingå, verkar ligga i fas med vad forskning lyfter fram som viktigt för att uppnå automatisering av tabellerna. / The purpose of this study is to illustrate how teachers describe their multiplication teaching in grades 1−3 and 4−6 when it comes to the introduction, continuous teaching and table training. Qualitative interviews with six teachers have been conducted to examine what objectives the interviewed teachers have with their multiplication teaching and how they describe the contents of their multiplication teaching. The reason behind is that teachers’ perception of what multiplication means and their thoughts on what multiplication teaching should cover affects the learning opportunities pupils receive. This includes teachers’ choice of explanatory models, methods and lesson content which highly affects the pupils’ development of understanding regarding the concept of multiplication. The fact that Swedish teachers typically base their teaching on textbooks is indicated by research to be a contributing factor why Swedish pupils’ number sense and understanding of arithmetic is weak. Teachers therefore need to complement the presentations that textbooks contain regarding multiplication in teaching. The result of this study shows that teachers’ teaching objectives affects areas that the curriculum and research highlights as important for pupils’ conceptual understanding and procedural knowledge, but that important pieces seems to be missing in their teaching. These concerns the teaching about the multiplicative models of explanation, mathematical properties and concepts related to multiplication. However, teachers’ teaching about the basic multiplication facts, where both strategies to derive facts and drill exercises of facts is said to be included, seems to correspond largely with what research highlights as important in achieving automaticity in multiplication facts.
34

Implémentation de la multiplication des grands nombres par FFT dans le contexte des algorithmes cryptographiques

Kalach, Kassem January 2005 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
35

Students' understandings of multiplication

Larsson, Kerstin January 2016 (has links)
Multiplicative reasoning permeates many mathematical topics, for example fractions and functions. Hence there is consensus on the importance of acquiring multiplicative reasoning. Multiplication is typically introduced as repeated addition, but when it is extended to include multi-digits and decimals a more general view of multiplication is required. There are conflicting reports in previous research concerning students’ understandings of multiplication. For example, repeated addition has been suggested both to support students’ understanding of calculations and as a hindrance to students’ conceptualisation of the two-dimensionality of multiplication. The relative difficulty of commutativity and distributivity is also debated, and there is a possible conflict in how multiplicative reasoning is described and assessed. These inconsistencies are addressed in a study with the aim of understanding more about students’ understandings of multiplication when it is expanded to comprise multi-digits and decimals. Understanding is perceived as connections between representations of different types of knowledge, linked together by reasoning. Especially connections between three components of multiplication were investigated; models for multiplication, calculations and arithmetical properties. Explicit reasoning made the connections observable and externalised mental representations. Twenty-two students were recurrently interviewed during five semesters in grades five to seven to find answers to the overarching research question: What do students’ responses to different forms of multiplicative tasks in the domain of multi-digits and decimals reveal about their understandings of multiplication? The students were invited to solve different forms of tasks during clinical interviews, both individually and in pairs. The tasks involved story telling to given multiplications, explicit explanations of multiplication, calculation problems including explanations and justifications for the calculations and evaluation of suggested calculation strategies. Additionally the students were given written word problems to solve. The students’ understandings of multiplication were robustly rooted in repeated addition or equally sized groups. This was beneficial for their understandings of calculations and distributivity, but hindered them from fluent use of commutativity and to conceptualise decimal multiplication. The robustness of their views might be explained by the introduction to multiplication, which typically is by repeated addition and modelled by equally sized groups. The robustness is discussed in relation to previous research and the dilemma that more general models for multiplication, such as rectangular area, are harder to conceptualise than models that are only susceptible to natural numbers. The study indicated that to evaluate and explain others’ calculation strategies elicited more reasoning and deeper mathematical thinking compared to evaluating and explaining calculations conducted by the students themselves. Furthermore, the different forms of tasks revealed various lines of reasoning and to get a richly composed picture of students’ multiplicative reasoning and understandings of multiplication, a wide variety of forms of tasks is suggested. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>
36

Calcul effectif de points spéciaux / Effective computation of special points

Riffaut, Antonin 09 July 2018 (has links)
À partir du théorème d’André en 1998, qui est la première contribution non triviale à la conjecture de André-Oort sur les sous-variétés spéciales des variétés de Shimura, la principale problématique de cette thèse est d’étudier les propriétés diophantiennes des modules singuliers, en caractérisant les points de multiplication complexe (x; y) satisfaisant un type d’équation donné de la forme F(x; y) = 0, pour un polynôme irréductible F(X; Y ) à coefficients complexes. Plus spécifiquement, nous traitons deux équations impliquant des puissances de modules singuliers. D’une part, nous montrons que deux modules singuliers x; y tels que les nombres 1, xm et yn soient linéairement dépendants sur Q, pour des entiers strictement positifs m; n, doivent être de degré au plus 2, ce qui généralise un résultat d’Allombert, Bilu et Pizarro-Madariaga, qui ont étudié les points de multiplication complexe appartenant aux droites de C2 définies sur Q. D’autre part, nous montrons que, sauf cas “évidents”, le produit de n’importe quelles puissances entières de deux modules singuliers ne peut être un nombre rationnel non nul, ce qui généralise un résultat de Bilu, Luca et Pizarro- Madariaga, qui ont ont étudié les points de multiplication complexe appartenant aux hyperboles xy = A, où A 2 Qx. Les méthodes que nous développons reposent en grande partie sur les propriétés des corps de classes engendrés par les modules singuliers, les estimations de la fonction j-invariant et les estimations des formes linéaires logarithmiques. Nous déterminons également les corps engendrés par les sommes et les produits de deux modules singuliers x et y : nous montrons que le corps Q(x; y) est engendré par la somme x + y, à moins que x et y soient conjugués sur Q, auquel cas x + y engendre un sous-corps de degré au plus 2 ; le même résultat demeure pour le produit xy. Nos preuves sont assistées par le logiciel PARI/GP, que nous utilisons pour procéder à des vérifications dans des cas particuliers explicites. / Starting for André’s Theorem in 1998, which is the first non-trivial contribution to the celebrated André-Oort conjecture on the special subvarieties of Shimura varieties, the main purpose of this thesis is to study Diophantine properties of singular moduli, by characterizing CM-points (x; y) satisfying a given type of equation of the form F(x; y) = 0, for an irreducible polynomial F(X; Y ) with complex coefficients. More specifically, we treat two different equations involving powers of singular moduli. On the one hand, we show that two distinct singular moduli x; y such that the numbers 1, xm and yn are linearly dependent over Q, for some positive integers m; n, must be of degree at most 2. This partially generalizes a result of Allombert, Bilu and Pizarro-Madariaga, who studied CM-points belonging to straight lines in C2 defined over Q. On the other hand, we show that, with “obvious” exceptions, the product of any two powers of singular moduli cannot be a non-zero rational number. This generalizes a result of Bilu, Luca and Pizarro-Madariaga, who studied CM-points belonging to hyperbolas xy = A, where A 2 Qx. The methods we develop lie mainly on the properties of ring class fields generated by singular moduli, on estimations of the j-function and on estimations of linear forms in logarithms. We also determine fields generated by sums and products of two singular moduli x and y : we show that the field Q(x; y) is generated by the sum x + y, unless x and y are conjugate over Q, in which case x + y generate a subfield of degree at most 2 ; the same holds for the product xy. Our proofs are assisted by the PARI/GP package, which we use to proceed to verifications in particular explicit cases.
37

Investigations in Computer-Aided Mathematics : Experimentation, Computation, and Certification / Investigations en Mathématiques Assistées par Ordinateur : Expérimentation, Calcul et Certification

Sibut Pinote, Thomas 04 December 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse propose trois contributions aux preuves mathématiques assistées par ordinateur. On s'intéresse non seulement aux preuves reposant sur le calcul, mais aussi aux preuves formelles, qui sont àla fois produites et vérifiées à l'aide d'un logiciel appelé assistant à la preuve.Dans la première partie, nous illustrons le thème de l'expérimentation au service de la preuve en nous intéressant au problème de la complexité des algorithmes de multiplication matricielle. Cette question a historiquement été posée de manière de plus en plus abstraite: les approches modernes ne construisent pas d'algorithmes explicites mais utilisent des résultats théoriques pour améliorer la borne inférieure sur la célèbre constante oméga. Nous sommes revenus à une approche plus pratique en essayant de programmer certains des algorithmes impliqués par ces résultats théoriques. Cette approche expérimentale a révélé un motif inattendu dans des algorithmes existants. Alors que ces algorithmes contiennent une nouvelle variable epsilon dont la présence est réputée les rendre impraticables pour des tailles de matrices raisonnables, nous avons découvert que nous pouvions construire des algorithmes de multiplication matricielle en parallèle sans epsilon avec une complexité asymptotique qui peut théoriquement battre l'algorithme de Strassen pour les multiplications. Un sous-produit de cette exploration est un outil symbolique en Ocaml qui peut analyser, composer et exporter des algorithmes de multiplication matricielle. Nous pensons aussi qu'il pourrait être utilisé pour construire de nouveaux algorithmes pratiques de multiplication matricielle.Dans la deuxième partie, nous décrivons une preuve formelle de l'irrationalité de la constante zeta(3), en suivant la démonstration historique due à Apéry. L'étape cruciale de cette preuve est d'établir que deux suites de nombres rationnels satisfont une surprenante récurrence commune. Il est en fait possible de "découvrir"cette récurrence en utilisant des algorithmes symboliques, et leurs implémentations existantes dans un système de calcul formel. De fait,ce travail constitue un exemple d'une approche dite sceptique de la démonstration formelle de théorèmes, dans lequel des calculs sont principalement réalisés par un logiciel efficace de calcul formel puis vérifiés formellement dans un assistant à la preuve. Incidemment, ce travail questionne la valeur des certificats de télescopage créatif comme preuves complètes d'identités. Cette preuve formelle est également basée sur de nouvelles bibliothèques de mathématiques,formalisées pour ses besoins. En particulier, nous avons formalisé et simplifié une étude du comportement asymptotique de la suite ppcm(1,.., n). Ce travail est conduit dans l'assistant à la preuve Coq et prolonge les bibliothèques Mathematical Components.Dans la dernière partie, nous présentons une procédure qui calcule les approximations d'une classe d'intégrales propres et impropres tout en produisant simultanément un preuve formelle Coq de la correction du résultat de ce calcul. Cette procédure utilise une combinaison d'arithmétique d'intervalles et d'approximations polynomiales rigoureuses de fonctions. Ce travail utilise crucialement les possibilités de calculer efficacement à l'intérieur de la logique sous-jacente au système Coq. Il s'agit d'une extension de la bibliothèque CoqInterval d'approximation numérique d'une classe d'expressions réelles. Sa mise en œuvre a également donné lieu à des extensions de la bibliothèque Coquelicot d'analyse réelle, notamment pour améliorer le traitement des intégrales impropres. Nous illustrons l'intérêt de cet outil et ses performances en traitant des exemples standards mais non triviaux de la littérature, sur lesquels d'autres outils se sont en certains cas révélés incorrects. / This thesis proposes three contributions to computer-aidedmathematical proofs. It deals, not only with proofs relying oncomputations, but also with formal proofs, which are both produced andverified using a piece of software called a proof assistant.In the first part, we illustrate the theme of experimentation at theservice of proofs by considering the problem of the complexity ofmatrix multiplication algorithms. This problem has historically beenapproached in an increasingly abstract way: modern approaches do notconstruct algorithms but use theoretical results to improve the lowerbound on the famous omega constant. We went back to a more practicalapproach by attempting to program some of the algorithms implied bythese theoretical results. This experimental approach reveals anunexpected pattern in some existing algorithms. While these algorithmscontain a new variable epsilon whose presence is reputed to renderthem inefficient for the purposes of reasonable matrix sizes, we havediscovered that we could build matrix multiplication algorithms inparallel without epsilon's with an asymptotic complexity which cantheoretically beat Strassen's algorithm in terms of the number ofmultiplications. A by-product of this exploration is a symbolic toolin Ocaml which can analyze, compose and export matrix multiplicationalgorithms. We also believe that it could be used to build newpractical algorithms for matrix multiplication.In the second part, we describe a formal proof of the irrationality ofthe constant zeta (3), following the historical demonstration due toApéry. The crucial step of this proof is to establish that twosequences of rational numbers satisfy a suprising commonrecurrence. It is in fact possible to "discover" this recurrence usingsymbolic algorithms, and their existing implementations in a computeralgebra system. In fact, this work is an example of a skepticalapproach to the formal proof of theorems, in which computations aremainly accomplished by an efficient computer algebra program, and thenformally verified in a proof assistant. Incidentally, this workquestions the value of creative telescoping certificates as completeproofs of identities. This formal proof is also based on newmathematical libraries, which were formalised for its needs. Inparticular, we have formalized and simplified a study of theasymptotic behaviour of the sequence lcm(1,..., n). This work isdeveloped in the Coq proof assistant and extends the MathematicalComponents libraries.In the last part, we present a procedure which computes approximationsof a class of proper and improper integrals while simultaneouslyproducing a Coq formal proof of the correction of the result of thiscomputation. This procedure uses a combination of interval arithmeticand rigorous polynomial approximations of functions. This work makescrucial use of the possibility to efficiently compute inside Coq'slogic. It is an extension of the CoqInterval library providingnumerical approximation of a class of real expressions. Itsimplementation has also resulted in extensions to the Coquelicotlibrary for real analysis, including a better treatment of improperintegrals. We illustrate the value of this tool and its performanceby dealing with standard but nontrivial examples from the literature,on which other tools have in some cases been incorrect.
38

Matrix Multiplications on Apache Spark through GPUs / Matrismultiplikationer på Apache Spark med GPU

Safari, Arash January 2017 (has links)
In this report, we consider the distribution of large scale matrix multiplications across a group of systems through Apache Spark, where each individual system utilizes Graphical Processor Units (GPUs) in order to perform the matrix multiplication. The purpose of this thesis is to research whether the GPU's advantage in performing parallel work can be applied to a distributed environment, and whether it scales noticeably better than a CPU implementation in a distributed environment. This question was resolved by benchmarking the different implementations at their peak. Based on these benchmarks, it was concluded that GPUs indeed do perform better as long as single precision support is available in the distributed environment. When single precision operations are not supported, GPUs perform much worse due to the low double precision performance of most GPU devices. / I denna rapport betraktar vi fördelningen av storskaliga matrismultiplikationeröver ett Apache Spark kluster, där varje system i klustret delegerar beräkningarnatill grafiska processorenheter (GPU). Syftet med denna avhandling är attundersöka huruvida GPU:s fördel vid parallellt arbete kan tillämpas på en distribuerad miljö, och om det skalar märkbart bättre än en CPU-implementationi en distribuerad miljö. Detta gjordes genom att testa de olika implementationerna i en miljö däroptimal prestanda kunde förväntas. Baserat på resultat ifrån dessa tester drogsslutsatsen att GPU-enheter preseterar bättre än CPU-enheter så länge ramverkethar stöd för single precision beräkningar. När detta inte är fallet så presterar deflesta GPU-enheterna betydligt sämre på grund av deras låga double-precisionprestanda.
39

Étude des significations de la multiplication pour différents ensembles de nombres dans un contexte de géométrisation

Barrera Curin, Raquel Isabel 12 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Notre étude s'est construite à partir du constat que la multiplication est un objet mathématique complexe dans ses dimensions épistémologique et cognitive. Le fait que les représentations géométriques puissent favoriser la mise en évidence de significations d'un objet mathématique nous a conduits à la recherche d'une géométrisation de la multiplication pour différents ensembles de nombres. Pour étudier le rapport entre cet objet mathématique complexe -- la multiplication -- et la construction de son sens par les élèves, nous avons conçu des séances expérimentales menées dans des collèges et lycées français. Cette étude expérimentale nous a permis d'analyser en profondeur la maîtrise que les élèves manifestent ou, au contraire, les obstacles qu'ils rencontrent dans un travail mathématique qui nécessite, notamment des changements de cadres et de registres de représentation sémiotique. Les données issues de nos séances expérimentales ont été analysées à l'aide d'une articulation entre différentes approches théoriques. La notion d'Espace de Travail Mathématique et ses genèses permet de rendre compte de la complexité du travail mathématique des élèves. Pour étudier le travail collaboratif entre élèves et le rôle de l'enseignant dans le processus de médiation culturelle, nous avons intégré la médiation sémiotique et la construction sociale des connaissances. L'articulation théorique produite nous a permis de décrire plus finement les relations entre les plans épistémologique et cognitif de l'ETM. Nous arrivons finalement à l'identification et l'analyse de parcours d'individus résultant des interactions produites à l'intérieur d'un Espace de Travail Mathématique.
40

On Efficient Polynomial Multiplication and Its Impact on Curve based Cryptosystems

Alrefai, Ahmad Salam 05 December 2013 (has links)
Secure communication is critical to many applications. To this end, various security goals can be achieved using elliptic/hyperelliptic curve and pairing based cryptography. Polynomial multiplication is used in the underlying operations of these protocols. Therefore, as part of this thesis different recursive algorithms are studied; these algorithms include Karatsuba, Toom, and Bernstein. In this thesis, we investigate algorithms and implementation techniques to improve the performance of the cryptographic protocols. Common factors present in explicit formulae in elliptic curves operations are utilized such that two multiplications are replaced by a single multiplication in a higher field. Moreover, we utilize the idea based on common factor used in elliptic curves and generate new explicit formulae for hyperelliptic curves and pairing. In the case of hyperelliptic curves, the common factor method is applied to the fastest known even characteristic hyperelliptic curve operations, i.e. divisor addition and divisor doubling. Similarly, in pairing we observe the presence of common factors inside the Miller loop of Eta pairing and the theoretical results show significant improvement when applying the idea based on common factor method. This has a great advantage for applications that require higher speed.

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