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Die Gläsernen Figuren sind die bekanntesten Ausstellungsobjekte des Deutschen Hygiene-Museums, die im 20. Jahrhundert in unterschiedlichsten Ausstellungsformaten einem Millionenpublikum präsentiert wurden. Die transparenten Modelle wurden vorwiegend aus dem Kunststoff Celluloseacetat gefertigt, der starken Alterungsprozessen unterworfen ist. Im konservierungswissenschaftlichen Forschungsprojekt »Gläserne Figuren – Ausstellungsikonen des 20. Jahrhunderts« wurden die Körpermodelle untersucht und ein Konzept für ihren langfristigen Erhalt erstellt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zur Produktions- und Materialgeschichte sowie zu den Alterungsprozessen und Konservierungsmöglichkeiten werden in dieser Publikation vorgestellt. Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit dreidimensionalen Celluloseacetatobjekten in Museen und Sammlungen schließen sich an. Darüber hinaus werden mehr als 60 historische Objekte aus dem Sammlungskonvolut »Gläserne Figuren« vorgestellt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Lebensläufe der im Deutschen Hygiene-Museum befindlichen zwölf Ganzfiguren, die zwischen 1935 und 2000 hergestellt wurden und alle die Transformation vom Anschauungsmodell zum historisch bedeutsamen Objekt durchlaufen haben. Zudem werden die Auswertungspotenziale weiterer Objektgruppen zur Herstellungstechnik und Ausstellungsgeschichte der Figuren sowie zu den Präsentations- und Werbestrategien beleuchtet. / The Transparent Figures are the most well-known exhibition objects of the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum and were presented to millions of people in the 20th century in the most varied exhibition formats. The transparent models were primarily made of the plastic cellulose acetate, which is subject to pronounced ageing processes. The body models were examined and a concept for their long-term preservation was created in the conservation science research project “Transparent Figures – Exhibition Icons of the 20th Century”. The knowledge concerning the production and material history acquired, as well as of ageing processes and possibilities for conservation are presented in this publication. This is joined by recommendations for dealing with three-dimensional cellulose acetate objects in museums and collections. In addition to this, more than 60 historical objects from the “Transparent Figures” collection set will be presented. The focus is thereby on the curricula vitae of the twelve complete figures found in the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum, which were manufactured between 1935 and 2000 and have all undergone the transformation from the display model to the historically important object. The evaluation potential of other object groups with regard to manufacturing technology and the exhibition history of the figures, as well as to the presentation and advertising strategies are also illuminated.

Die Gläsernen Figuren sind die bekanntesten Ausstellungsobjekte des Deutschen Hygiene-Museums, die im 20. Jahrhundert in unterschiedlichsten Ausstellungsformaten einem Millionenpublikum präsentiert wurden. Die transparenten Modelle wurden vorwiegend aus dem Kunststoff Celluloseacetat gefertigt, der starken Alterungsprozessen unterworfen ist. Im konservierungswissenschaftlichen Forschungsprojekt »Gläserne Figuren – Ausstellungsikonen des 20. Jahrhunderts« wurden die Körpermodelle untersucht und ein Konzept für ihren langfristigen Erhalt erstellt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zur Produktions- und Materialgeschichte sowie zu den Alterungsprozessen und Konservierungsmöglichkeiten werden in dieser Publikation vorgestellt. Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit dreidimensionalen Celluloseacetatobjekten in Museen und Sammlungen schließen sich an. Darüber hinaus werden mehr als 60 historische Objekte aus dem Sammlungskonvolut »Gläserne Figuren« vorgestellt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Lebensläufe der im Deutschen Hygiene-Museum befindlichen zwölf Ganzfiguren, die zwischen 1935 und 2000 hergestellt wurden und alle die Transformation vom Anschauungsmodell zum historisch bedeutsamen Objekt durchlaufen haben. Zudem werden die Auswertungspotenziale weiterer Objektgruppen zur Herstellungstechnik und Ausstellungsgeschichte der Figuren sowie zu den Präsentations- und Werbestrategien beleuchtet. / The Transparent Figures are the most well-known exhibition objects of the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum and were presented to millions of people in the 20th century in the most varied exhibition formats. The transparent models were primarily made of the plastic cellulose acetate, which is subject to pronounced ageing processes. The body models were examined and a concept for their long-term preservation was created in the conservation science research project “Transparent Figures – Exhibition Icons of the 20th Century”. The knowledge concerning the production and material history acquired, as well as of ageing processes and possibilities for conservation are presented in this publication. This is joined by recommendations for dealing with three-dimensional cellulose acetate objects in museums and collections. In addition to this, more than 60 historical objects from the “Transparent Figures” collection set will be presented. The focus is thereby on the curricula vitae of the twelve complete figures found in the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum, which were manufactured between 1935 and 2000 and have all undergone the transformation from the display model to the historically important object. The evaluation potential of other object groups with regard to manufacturing technology and the exhibition history of the figures, as well as to the presentation and advertising strategies are also illuminated.

Thesis work «Specificity of the contemporary historical museum expositions» is devoted to the analysis of the actual for the XXI century process of transformation of the modern museum appearance based on a new ideas of the exhibition artists. Greater emphasis is laid on a contemporary museum conceptions that were developed on the West in XX-XXI century. Unfortunately, they are not well-known to native reader, so work was undertaken to translate books in English into Russian. The deepened classification of the historical museum exhibition was created on the base of foreign materials. Application of exhibition techniques described in the dissertation will increase attractiveness of Ekaterinbourgs museums. In instance of depiction and analysis achievements in construction museum exhibition created by foreign artists, thesis presents and investigates museum areas, created by Ekaterinbourgs group of exhibition designers and artists «The white square» and «Museum technologies» and a huge studio of creators from the Urals regional institute of museum design. Comparative study European styles and artists creative scripts of constructing the exhibition with ones, made by Ekaterinbourgs artists, distinguishes global and local problems, which appear during the design, creation and construction of exhibition. The dissertation tries to solve some of the declared problems and to offer ways of development the art of museum exhibition. The practical significance of the thesis is in the fact that it can be used as an instruction to the museum exhibition design and construction. / Магистерская диссертация «Специфика экспозиций современных исторических музеев» посвящена анализу актуального для XXI века процесса смены изменения облика современного музея на основе новых идей художников-экспозиционеров. В исследовании уделяется внимание современным концепциям, которые были разработаны на Западе в конце XX – начале XXI века. К сожалению, они малоизвестны отечественному читателю, поэтому была проведена работа по переводу английских текстов на русский язык. На основании материалов зарубежных авторов создалась более углубленная схема классификации экспозиций исторических музеев. Применение некоторых предложенных техник в наших музеях увеличит их привлекательность для посетителей. На примере описания и анализа достижений в создании экспозиций зарубежными коллегами, в магистерской диссертации представлены и исследованы музейные пространства, созданные екатеринбургскими коллективами экспозиционеров «Белый квадрат» и «Музейные технологии», а также бригадой Уральского регионального института музейных проектов. Сопоставление европейских стилей и школ создания экспозиции с отечественными методами помогло выявить общие и частные проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются художники-экспозиционеры при дизайне экспозиций. В исследовании предпринята попытка к решению поднятых проблем, намечены векторы развития экспозиционного искусства. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в том, что оно может быть использовано в качестве пособия по созданию музейной экспозиции.

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This thesis examines the ideological nexus of nationalism and heritage under the social conditions of neoliberalism. The investigation aims to demonstrate how neoliberal economics stimulate the irrationalism manifest in nationalist idealisation of the past. The institutionalisation of national heritage was originally a rational function of the modern state, symbolic of its political and cultural authority. With neoliberal erosion of the productive economy and public institutions, heritage and nostalgia proliferate today in all areas of social life. It is argued that this represents a social pathology linked to the neoliberal state's inability to construct a future-orientated national project. These conditions enhance the appeal of irrational nationalist and regionalist ideologies idealising the past as a source of cultural purity. Unable to achieve social cohesion, the neoliberal state promotes multiculturalism, encouraging minorities to embrace essentialist identity politics that parallel the nativism of right-wing nationalists and regionalists. This phenomenon is contextualised within the general crisis of progressive modernisation in Western societies that has accompanied neoliberalisation and globalisation. A new theory of activist heritage is advanced to describe autonomous, politicised heritage that appropriates forms and practices from the state heritage sector. Using this concept, the politics of irrational nationalism and regionalism are explored through fieldwork, including participant observation, interviews and photography. The interaction of state and activist heritage is considered at the Wewelsburg 1933-1945 Memorial Museum in Germany wherein neofascists have re-signified Nazi material culture, reactivating it within contemporary political narratives. The activist heritage of Israeli Zionism, Irish Republicanism and Ulster Loyalism is analysed through studies of museums, heritage centres, archaeological sites, exhibitions, monuments and historical re-enactments. These illustrate how activist heritage represents a political strategy within irrational ideologies that interpret the past as the ethical model for the future. This work contends that irrational nationalism fundamentally challenges the Enlightenment's assertion of reason over faith, and culture over nature, by superimposing pre-modern ideas upon the structure of modernity. An ideological product of the Enlightenment, the nation state remains the only political unit within which a rational command of time and space is possible, and thus the only viable basis for progressive modernity.