<p>Purpose/Aim: Exhibitions in cultural-historical museums have traditionally been object-centered and associated with one-way communication. The aim of this thesis is to gain knowledge about how exhibition producers – and educationalists at swedish cultural-historical museums today relate to communication in exhibitions from a communication scientific perspective.</p><p>Material/Method: The method of the thesis is interviews exhibition producers – and educationalists at five swedish cultural-historical museums about how they work with communication issues in exhibitions. The empiricism gained from the interviews have been analyzed from a communication scientific angle, using two communication theories as idealtypes for communication processes; Shannon and Weaver´s model and Stuart Hall´s encoding/decoding-theory.</p><p>Main results: Communication in exhibitions have developed, much due to the use of more channels for communicating with the visitors and the acknowledgement of the visitor as an active subject in interpreting the exhibitions and their message.Despite this development, communication in exhibitions still have features of a one-way communication. The main feature is the lack of possibilities for visitors to communicate their interpretations and point of views of the exhibition back to the exhibition producers. This leaves the visitors more or less passive in the communication process that is taking place in exhibitions in the same way that the model for communication by Shannon and Weaver describes.</p>

Purpose/Aim: Exhibitions in cultural-historical museums have traditionally been object-centered and associated with one-way communication. The aim of this thesis is to gain knowledge about how exhibition producers – and educationalists at swedish cultural-historical museums today relate to communication in exhibitions from a communication scientific perspective. Material/Method: The method of the thesis is interviews exhibition producers – and educationalists at five swedish cultural-historical museums about how they work with communication issues in exhibitions. The empiricism gained from the interviews have been analyzed from a communication scientific angle, using two communication theories as idealtypes for communication processes; Shannon and Weaver´s model and Stuart Hall´s encoding/decoding-theory. Main results: Communication in exhibitions have developed, much due to the use of more channels for communicating with the visitors and the acknowledgement of the visitor as an active subject in interpreting the exhibitions and their message.Despite this development, communication in exhibitions still have features of a one-way communication. The main feature is the lack of possibilities for visitors to communicate their interpretations and point of views of the exhibition back to the exhibition producers. This leaves the visitors more or less passive in the communication process that is taking place in exhibitions in the same way that the model for communication by Shannon and Weaver describes.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo abordar historicamente a construção física e simbólica da Casa do Bandeirante, um museu evocativo da época das bandeiras. Ela foi inaugurada em 1955, no encerramento das comemorações do IV Centenário da Cidade de São Paulo, tendo sido sua restauração realizada sob responsabilidade da comissão organizadora desses festejos. Primeira das \"casas históricas\" pertencente à Prefeitura Municipal, compõe o atual acervo arquitetônico do Museu da Cidade. Este projeto analisa o período que se estende de 1954 a 1964, durante a primeira fase do museu, sob a direção de Paulo Camilher Florençano, quando o espaço fora projetado para ser um cenário do modo de vida paulista durante o período colonial. Naquele momento a Casa do Bandeirante tratava heroicamente o \"ciclo das bandeiras\", mitificando-o, a partir de uma exposição por meio do period room, eixos conceituais da exposição que lá esteve até 1978. São objetivos desta dissertação compreender e analisar o processo conceitual e institucional de criação da Casa do Bandeirante pela Prefeitura de São Paulo, através da Comissão do IV Centenário da Cidade de São Paulo, problematizar a primeira montagem curatorial, com a formulação de uma identidade paulista calcada no mito sertanista e seus referenciais museológicos, a formação e o perfil de seu acervo de peças históricas. / This dissertation aims to approach, historically, the physical and symbolic construction of The Bandeirante House, an evocative museum of the time of \"bandeiras\" (former Brazilian settlers). It was inaugurated in 1955, at the end of the celebrations of the IV Centenary of the City of São Paulo, with its restoration being carried out under the responsibility of the organizing committee of those festivities. The first of the \"historical homes\" belonging to the city hall, it is part of the current architectural collection of São Paulo\'s city museums. The time covered in this project extends from 1955 to 1964, during the first period of the Museum, under the direction of Paul Camilher Florençano, when this cultural space was designed to present a scenario of the way of living in São Paulo during the colonizer period. At that moment, The Bandeirante House conceived heroically the \"Bandeirante Cycle\", dealing with as a myth by the presentation of an exhibition by period room, conceptual guidelines of the exhibition held until 1978. The goals of this dissertation are to analyze the conceptual and institutional creating process of the Bandeirante House, to understand and document its acquisition policy and to discuss the first long term exhibition of the institution, based the \"sertanista myth\" and its museum references.

O foco dessa dissertação é a Exposição Histórica do Brasil organizada no interior da Exposição do Mundo Português, em Lisboa, no ano de 1940, quando Oliveira Salazar decidiu comemorar os centenários da fundação de Portugal (1139) e o da Restauração (1640). A Exposição brasileira foi orientada e executada sob a direção de Gustavo Barroso, enviado a Portugal como um dos delegados do Brasil à Exposição do Mundo Português e como Diretor do Museu Histórico Nacional. Ao propor a Exposição Histórica do Brasil como tema, pretendeu-se compreendê-la como expressão de uma forma específica de reconstituir o passado do Brasil, tentando inseri-la no contexto cultural e político do período, contribuindo para o entendimento do modo pelo qual se configurou, na época, uma escrita da História do Brasil, simultaneamente, incrustada no Museu Histórico Nacional e no espaço dos eventos ocorridos em Portugal. / The focus of this essay is the Historical Exposition of Brazil organized inside the Exhibition of the Portuguese World, in Lisbon, in 1940, when Oliveira Salazar decided to celebrate the centenary of Portugal foundation (1139) and of the Restoration (1640). The Brazilian Exposition was guided and carried out by the lead of Gustavo Barroso, who was sent to Portugal as one of the Brazilian representatives in the Exhibition of the Portuguese World and as the Curator of the National Historical Museum. In proposing the Historical Exposition of Brazil as a theme, the intention was to understand it as an expression of a specific way of reconstituting the past of Brazil, trying to insert it in the political and cultural context of the time, contributing to the understanding of how it configured, at the time, a writing of the History of Brazil, simultaneously, incrusted in the National Historical Museum and in the area where the events took place in Portugal.

O foco dessa dissertação é a Exposição Histórica do Brasil organizada no interior da Exposição do Mundo Português, em Lisboa, no ano de 1940, quando Oliveira Salazar decidiu comemorar os centenários da fundação de Portugal (1139) e o da Restauração (1640). A Exposição brasileira foi orientada e executada sob a direção de Gustavo Barroso, enviado a Portugal como um dos delegados do Brasil à Exposição do Mundo Português e como Diretor do Museu Histórico Nacional. Ao propor a Exposição Histórica do Brasil como tema, pretendeu-se compreendê-la como expressão de uma forma específica de reconstituir o passado do Brasil, tentando inseri-la no contexto cultural e político do período, contribuindo para o entendimento do modo pelo qual se configurou, na época, uma escrita da História do Brasil, simultaneamente, incrustada no Museu Histórico Nacional e no espaço dos eventos ocorridos em Portugal. / The focus of this essay is the Historical Exposition of Brazil organized inside the Exhibition of the Portuguese World, in Lisbon, in 1940, when Oliveira Salazar decided to celebrate the centenary of Portugal foundation (1139) and of the Restoration (1640). The Brazilian Exposition was guided and carried out by the lead of Gustavo Barroso, who was sent to Portugal as one of the Brazilian representatives in the Exhibition of the Portuguese World and as the Curator of the National Historical Museum. In proposing the Historical Exposition of Brazil as a theme, the intention was to understand it as an expression of a specific way of reconstituting the past of Brazil, trying to insert it in the political and cultural context of the time, contributing to the understanding of how it configured, at the time, a writing of the History of Brazil, simultaneously, incrusted in the National Historical Museum and in the area where the events took place in Portugal.

This thesis is a report concerning the practical aspects on exhibition techniques. During an internship at the National History Museum in Stockholm I participated in the work with their new, temporary exhibition Gränslöst - en global utställning på Historiska museet [Boundless - a global voyage of discovery at the National Historical Museum]. I was part of a small project team of museum staff. The purpose of this exhibition was to show how cultures have met and influenced each other throughout history. The National Historical Museum has in its collections and exhibitions several examples of objects that has been imported from or inspired by other cultural areas. The primary goal was to give the visitors a new perspective, to show that these “Swedish” objects have a long history of trading and cultural exchange. Additionally, Gränslöst is an attempt to draw the visitors into the permanent exhibitions; it is not an independent production and shares some characteristics with so- called “Hot spot” exhibitions. My ambition is to describe the planning, implementation and delivery of the exhibition and highlight problems and solutions that arise during that process.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo abordar historicamente a construção física e simbólica da Casa do Bandeirante, um museu evocativo da época das bandeiras. Ela foi inaugurada em 1955, no encerramento das comemorações do IV Centenário da Cidade de São Paulo, tendo sido sua restauração realizada sob responsabilidade da comissão organizadora desses festejos. Primeira das \"casas históricas\" pertencente à Prefeitura Municipal, compõe o atual acervo arquitetônico do Museu da Cidade. Este projeto analisa o período que se estende de 1954 a 1964, durante a primeira fase do museu, sob a direção de Paulo Camilher Florençano, quando o espaço fora projetado para ser um cenário do modo de vida paulista durante o período colonial. Naquele momento a Casa do Bandeirante tratava heroicamente o \"ciclo das bandeiras\", mitificando-o, a partir de uma exposição por meio do period room, eixos conceituais da exposição que lá esteve até 1978. São objetivos desta dissertação compreender e analisar o processo conceitual e institucional de criação da Casa do Bandeirante pela Prefeitura de São Paulo, através da Comissão do IV Centenário da Cidade de São Paulo, problematizar a primeira montagem curatorial, com a formulação de uma identidade paulista calcada no mito sertanista e seus referenciais museológicos, a formação e o perfil de seu acervo de peças históricas. / This dissertation aims to approach, historically, the physical and symbolic construction of The Bandeirante House, an evocative museum of the time of \"bandeiras\" (former Brazilian settlers). It was inaugurated in 1955, at the end of the celebrations of the IV Centenary of the City of São Paulo, with its restoration being carried out under the responsibility of the organizing committee of those festivities. The first of the \"historical homes\" belonging to the city hall, it is part of the current architectural collection of São Paulo\'s city museums. The time covered in this project extends from 1955 to 1964, during the first period of the Museum, under the direction of Paul Camilher Florençano, when this cultural space was designed to present a scenario of the way of living in São Paulo during the colonizer period. At that moment, The Bandeirante House conceived heroically the \"Bandeirante Cycle\", dealing with as a myth by the presentation of an exhibition by period room, conceptual guidelines of the exhibition held until 1978. The goals of this dissertation are to analyze the conceptual and institutional creating process of the Bandeirante House, to understand and document its acquisition policy and to discuss the first long term exhibition of the institution, based the \"sertanista myth\" and its museum references.

Диссертация посвящена анализу репрезентации культурной памяти об исторической травме как темы музейной деятельности. Выявлена взаимосвязь партиципаторного подхода в организации музейной деятельности и применения мультимедиатехнологий в современных музеях. Проанализировано выставочное пространство, репрезентирующее культурную память, представляющее собой пример тотального включения мультимедиатехнологий в экспозицию без демонстрации каких-либо артефактов. В качестве практического применения исследования на основе подготовленного теоретического материала представлен проект мультимедийной выставки «Вспомним», посвященной 75-летию Победы в Великой Отечественной войне. / The thesis is devoted to the analysis of representation of cultural memory of historical trauma as a theme of the museum work. The interrelation of the participatory approach in the organization of museum activities and the use of multimedia technologies in modern museums is revealed. The exhibition space representing cultural memory is analyzed, which is an example of the total inclusion of multimedia technologies in the exhibition without demonstrating any artifacts. As a practical application of the study, based on the prepared theoretical material, the project of the multimedia exhibition «Let's Remember», dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, is presented.

The thesis concerns public debate on the public activities of The Swedish History Museum (Historiska museet) in Stockholm between the years 1992 and 2011. Moreover, the thesis contribute with knowledge on how basic didactic questions regarding a single national museum has been answered in the public debate over time. Standpoints on what should be exhibited, how this should be done, to/with whom the mediation of history should be addressed/communicated and, what mission in society The Swedish History Museum’s is considered to be, is summed up in the concept of “exhibition ideal”. The research concerns four public debates; the debate about the exhibition The Swedish History (Den Svenska Historien), the debate about Kristian Berg, the debate about the free entry reform and, a less extensive debate about the exhibition History of Sweden (Sveriges Historia). A further aim of the dissertation is to put the publicly expressed positions on The Swedish History Museum in a wider historical-cultural context. Also, the study is related to other museums and other history communicating arenas. The debates coincides in time with challenges for the museum sector to deal with new perspectives in museology and cultural heritage research. The emergence of a multi-cultural society and the questioning of grand narratives are mentioned as examples. The emergence and strengthening of a broader history didactic discipline in Sweden, where a basic starting point is that the story is communicated in several different arenas with their own competencies, are also brought into the analysis. Historians and archaeologists tend to become silent in the recent debates about The Swedish History Museum’s public activities as the debates are less focused on content. The debates tends to be more “museum internal”, even in cases where there is opportunity to debate specific historical and archaeological content in the exhibitions. It appears, nevertheless, that the overall conflict around the public museum activities has reached the public spotlight through newspapers, radio and TV. Alongside with visits to the museum public debate are assumed to contribute to citizens’ own view of what museums should exhibit, how this should be done, to/with whom the mediation of history should be addressed/communicated and what the museum’s mission in society is.

En 1974 et 1981, deux musées nationaux d’un genre nouveau ont été fondés au Japon : successivement, le Musée national d’ethnologie dans le Kansai, et le Musée national d’histoire et de folklore dans le Kantô. Le premier expose l’ensemble des cultures étrangères ainsi que celle de l’archipel, à travers une approche ethnologique, quand le second se concentre sur l’histoire, le folklore et l’archéologie du Japon. Ce travail vise à analyser le processus de construction et la manière dont le Japon est (re)présenté à travers ces deux musées, en les inscrivant dans une histoire aussi bien muséale que disciplinaire. Leur création dans un Japon en plein essor économique et, par surcroît, qui venait de rejoindre les grandes puissances sur la scène internationale, les associe d’emblée à une volonté de positionner la culture et l’histoire nationale, afin de rendre compte de son particularisme, ou encore de son homogénéité ; théories alors largement répandues à cette période. Si ce contexte idéologique rejaillit en partie dans les choix muséographiques et programmatiques, ce n’est pas tant pour y adhérer que sous forme de tensions propres au caractère national de ces deux musées. La muséographie étant à la charge des chercheurs et non des conservateurs, ce sont d’abord des enjeux disciplinaires qui conditionnent l’exposition. La tension se situe aussi bien dans la peur de l’instrumentalisation que dans l’exigence de la rigueur scientifique pour se légitimer ; ce qui se traduira sous forme de négociations et d’ajustements entre l’autorité du discours scientifique et celui, plus politique, de l’État-nation. / In 1974 and 1981, two national museums of a new kind were established in Japan : successively, the National Museum of Ethnology in the Kansai region, and the National Museum of History and Folklore in the Kantô region. The first exhibits foreign cultures, as well as cultures of the Japanese archipelago, using an ethnological approach, whereas the second focuses on the history, folklore and archeology of Japan. This work aims at analysing the process of construction and the way Japan is (re)presented in these two museums, while replacing them in both museum and disciplinary history. Their establishment, in the context of Japanese economic growth, in a country who had just joined the ranks of global powers is thus linked with a strong will to present national history and culture in order to show its particularism, or its homogeneity ; both such theories were widely prevalent in this period. If this ideological context is partly reflected in the museographic and programmatic choices, it’s not so much to adhere to them, but can be perceived in the form of tensions, pertaining to the national character of these two museums. Since the museography was left to researchers and not curators, it is first and foremost the disciplinary stakes which condition the exhibition. The tension arises from the clash of intrumentalisation, and the demand for scientific rigor to legitimate certain claims, materilazed by negociations and adjustments between the authority of the scientific discourse and that, more political, of the nation-state.