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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Massive Neutrinos: Phenomenological and Cosmological Consequences / Neutrinos Massivos: Consequências fenomenológicas e cosmológicas

Gonzalez, Yuber Ferney Perez 01 December 2017 (has links)
The XX century witnessed the quantum and relativistic revolutions in physics. The development of these two theories, namely, Quantum Mechanics and Relativity, was the inception of many crucial discoveries and technological advances. Among them, one stands out due to its uniqueness, the neutrino discovery. However, several neutrino properties are still obscure. Neutrinos are the only fundamental particles whose nature is currently unknown. Such fermions can either be different from their antiparticles, i.e., Dirac fermions, or be their own antiparticles, that is, Majorana fermions. On the other hand, the smallness of neutrino masses is a problem seemingly related to the neutrino nature; thus, as essential task consists in addressing the phenomenologically viable models in both cases. Furthermore, it is important to search for other physical process in which the neutrino nature may manifest through different experimental signatures. A rather difficult but promising method corresponds to the detection of the cosmic neutrino background, viz. neutrinos which are relics from the Big Bang. Previous works have shown that detection rates for Dirac and Majorana neutrinos can give different results. Nevertheless, this distinction was obtained considering the Standard Model framework only. Therefore, it is important to understand the consequences of having Non-Standard Interactions contributing to the detection of neutrinos from the cosmic background. Another remarkable relic predicted by Cosmology is the unidentified Dark Matter, composing ~25% of the Universe. All searches regarding the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle, one of the principal candidates for Dark Matter, have given negative results; this has compelled experiments to increase their sensitivity. Notwithstanding, neutrinos may stand in the way of such experimental searches given that they may constitute an irreducible background. In this thesis, we will address these three different phenomena, neutrino mass models, detection of the cosmic neutrino background and the neutrino background in Dark Matter searches, by considering the different characteristics in each case. In the study of neutrino mass models, we will consider models for both Majorana and Dirac neutrinos; specifically, we will probe the neutrinophilic two-Higgs-doublet model. Regarding the detection of relic neutrinos, we will analyse the consequences of the existence of the beyond Standard Model physics in the capture rate by tritium. Finally, we will scrutinize the impact of neutrinos in Direct Detection WIMP searches, by considering Standard Model plus additional interactions in the form of simplified models. / Ao longo do século XX testemunhamos as revoluções quântica e relativista que aconteceram na Física. O desenvolvimento da Mecânica quântica e da teoria da relatividade foi o prelúdio de inúmeras descobertas e avanços tecnológicos fundamentais; em particular, a descoberta dos neutrinos. No entanto, a sua total compreensão ainda é um mistério para a física de partículas. Entendidos como partículas fermiônicas fundamentais, os neutrinos possuem sua natureza desconhecida. Podendo ser diferentes de suas antipartículas, denominadas férmions de Dirac, ou também podendo ser as suas próprias antipartícula, sendo conhecidas como férmions de Majorana. Por outro lado, o valor de sua massa continua sendo um problema em aberto, supostamente relacionado à sua natureza. Portanto, é importante estudarmos modelos fenomenológicos viáveis para as duas naturezas possíves dos neutrinos. Além disso, é necessário procurar outros processos físicos cujos resultados experimentais sejam distintos de acordo com a natureza do neutrino. Um método bastante difícil, mas promissor, corresponde à detecção do fundo de neutrinos cósmicos, isto é, os neutrinos relíquia do Big Bang. Análises prévias mostraram que as taxas de detecção para neutrinos de Dirac e de Majorana resultam em valores distintos. Porém, este resultado foi obtido supondo como base o Modelo Padrão; assim, é crucial entender as possíveis consequências da existência de interações desconhecidas na detecção dos neutrinos da radiação cósmica de fundo. Outra relíquia notável prevista pela Cosmologia é a desconhecida Matéria Escura, que compõe ~25% do Universo. Todas as buscas por WIMPs (do inglês Weakly Interactive Massive Particles), um dos principais candidatos a Matéria Escura, tem dado resultados negativos. Isto tem forçado a criação de experimentos cada vez mais sensíveis. Contudo, os neutrinos poderão ser um obstáculo nessas buscas experimentais, pois estes convertir-se-ão em um fundo irredutível. Na presente tese, abordaremos estes três fenômenos diferentes, modelos de massa para os neutrinos, a detecção do fundo de neutrinos cósmicos e o fundo de neutrinos em experimentos de detecção direta de Matéria Escura, considerando as distintas características em cada caso. No estudo dos modelos de massa para os neutrinos consideraremos modelos para neutrinos de Majorana e Dirac; exploraremos modelos neutrinofílicos com dois dubletos de Higgs. Enquanto à detecção dos neutrinos relíquia, analisaremos as consequências da presença de física além do Modelo Padrão na taxa de captura pelo trítio. Finalmente, examinaremos o impacto dos neutrinos em experimentos de detecção direta de WIMPs, supondo as interações do Modelo Padrão junto com interações adicionais na forma de modelos simplificados.
2

Massive Neutrinos: Phenomenological and Cosmological Consequences / Neutrinos Massivos: Consequências fenomenológicas e cosmológicas

Yuber Ferney Perez Gonzalez 01 December 2017 (has links)
The XX century witnessed the quantum and relativistic revolutions in physics. The development of these two theories, namely, Quantum Mechanics and Relativity, was the inception of many crucial discoveries and technological advances. Among them, one stands out due to its uniqueness, the neutrino discovery. However, several neutrino properties are still obscure. Neutrinos are the only fundamental particles whose nature is currently unknown. Such fermions can either be different from their antiparticles, i.e., Dirac fermions, or be their own antiparticles, that is, Majorana fermions. On the other hand, the smallness of neutrino masses is a problem seemingly related to the neutrino nature; thus, as essential task consists in addressing the phenomenologically viable models in both cases. Furthermore, it is important to search for other physical process in which the neutrino nature may manifest through different experimental signatures. A rather difficult but promising method corresponds to the detection of the cosmic neutrino background, viz. neutrinos which are relics from the Big Bang. Previous works have shown that detection rates for Dirac and Majorana neutrinos can give different results. Nevertheless, this distinction was obtained considering the Standard Model framework only. Therefore, it is important to understand the consequences of having Non-Standard Interactions contributing to the detection of neutrinos from the cosmic background. Another remarkable relic predicted by Cosmology is the unidentified Dark Matter, composing ~25% of the Universe. All searches regarding the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle, one of the principal candidates for Dark Matter, have given negative results; this has compelled experiments to increase their sensitivity. Notwithstanding, neutrinos may stand in the way of such experimental searches given that they may constitute an irreducible background. In this thesis, we will address these three different phenomena, neutrino mass models, detection of the cosmic neutrino background and the neutrino background in Dark Matter searches, by considering the different characteristics in each case. In the study of neutrino mass models, we will consider models for both Majorana and Dirac neutrinos; specifically, we will probe the neutrinophilic two-Higgs-doublet model. Regarding the detection of relic neutrinos, we will analyse the consequences of the existence of the beyond Standard Model physics in the capture rate by tritium. Finally, we will scrutinize the impact of neutrinos in Direct Detection WIMP searches, by considering Standard Model plus additional interactions in the form of simplified models. / Ao longo do século XX testemunhamos as revoluções quântica e relativista que aconteceram na Física. O desenvolvimento da Mecânica quântica e da teoria da relatividade foi o prelúdio de inúmeras descobertas e avanços tecnológicos fundamentais; em particular, a descoberta dos neutrinos. No entanto, a sua total compreensão ainda é um mistério para a física de partículas. Entendidos como partículas fermiônicas fundamentais, os neutrinos possuem sua natureza desconhecida. Podendo ser diferentes de suas antipartículas, denominadas férmions de Dirac, ou também podendo ser as suas próprias antipartícula, sendo conhecidas como férmions de Majorana. Por outro lado, o valor de sua massa continua sendo um problema em aberto, supostamente relacionado à sua natureza. Portanto, é importante estudarmos modelos fenomenológicos viáveis para as duas naturezas possíves dos neutrinos. Além disso, é necessário procurar outros processos físicos cujos resultados experimentais sejam distintos de acordo com a natureza do neutrino. Um método bastante difícil, mas promissor, corresponde à detecção do fundo de neutrinos cósmicos, isto é, os neutrinos relíquia do Big Bang. Análises prévias mostraram que as taxas de detecção para neutrinos de Dirac e de Majorana resultam em valores distintos. Porém, este resultado foi obtido supondo como base o Modelo Padrão; assim, é crucial entender as possíveis consequências da existência de interações desconhecidas na detecção dos neutrinos da radiação cósmica de fundo. Outra relíquia notável prevista pela Cosmologia é a desconhecida Matéria Escura, que compõe ~25% do Universo. Todas as buscas por WIMPs (do inglês Weakly Interactive Massive Particles), um dos principais candidatos a Matéria Escura, tem dado resultados negativos. Isto tem forçado a criação de experimentos cada vez mais sensíveis. Contudo, os neutrinos poderão ser um obstáculo nessas buscas experimentais, pois estes convertir-se-ão em um fundo irredutível. Na presente tese, abordaremos estes três fenômenos diferentes, modelos de massa para os neutrinos, a detecção do fundo de neutrinos cósmicos e o fundo de neutrinos em experimentos de detecção direta de Matéria Escura, considerando as distintas características em cada caso. No estudo dos modelos de massa para os neutrinos consideraremos modelos para neutrinos de Majorana e Dirac; exploraremos modelos neutrinofílicos com dois dubletos de Higgs. Enquanto à detecção dos neutrinos relíquia, analisaremos as consequências da presença de física além do Modelo Padrão na taxa de captura pelo trítio. Finalmente, examinaremos o impacto dos neutrinos em experimentos de detecção direta de WIMPs, supondo as interações do Modelo Padrão junto com interações adicionais na forma de modelos simplificados.
3

Predictions of Effective Models in Neutrino Physics

Bergström, Johannes January 2011 (has links)
Experiments on neutrino oscillations have confirmed that neutrinos have small, but non-zero masses, and that the interacting neutrino states do not have definite masses, but are mixtures of such states.The seesaw models make up a group of popular models describing the small neutrino masses and the corresponding mixing.In these models, new, heavy fields are introduced and the neutrino masses are suppressed by the ratio between the electroweak scale and the large masses of the new fields. Usually, the new fields introduced have masses far above the electroweak scale, outside the reach of any foreseeable experiments, making these versions of seesaw models essentially untestable. However, there are also so-called low-scale seesaw models, where the new particles have masses above the electroweak scale, but within the reach of future experiments, such as the LHC.In quantum field theories, quantum corrections generally introduce an energy-scale dependence on all their parameters, described by the renormalization group equations. In this thesis, the energy-scale dependence of the neutrino parameters in two low-scale seesaw models, the low-scale type I and inverse seesaw models, are considered. Also, the question of whether the neutrinos are Majorana particles, \ie , their own antiparticles, has not been decided experimentally. Future experiments on neutrinoless double beta decay could confirm the Majorana nature of neutrinos. However, there could also be additional contributions to the decay, which are not directly related to neutrino masses. We have investigated the possible future bounds on the strength of such additional contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay, depending on the outcome of ongoing and planned experiments related to neutrino masses. / QC 20110812
4

Models in Neutrino Physics : Numerical and Statistical Studies

Bergström, Johannes January 2013 (has links)
The standard model of particle physics can excellently describe the vast majorityof data of particle physics experiments. However, in its simplest form, it cannot account for the fact that the neutrinos are massive particles and lepton flavorsmixed, as required by the observation of neutrino oscillations. Hence, the standardmodel must be extended in order to account for these observations, opening up thepossibility to explore new and interesting physical phenomena. There are numerous models proposed to accommodate massive neutrinos. Thesimplest of these are able to describe the observations using only a small numberof effective parameters. Furthermore, neutrinos are the only known existing particleswhich have the potential of being their own antiparticles, a possibility that isactively being investigated through experiments on neutrinoless double beta decay.In this thesis, we analyse these simple models using Bayesian inference and constraintsfrom neutrino-related experiments, and we also investigate the potential offuture experiments on neutrinoless double beta decay to probe other kinds of newphysics. In addition, more elaborate theoretical models of neutrino masses have beenproposed, with the seesaw models being a particularly popular group of models inwhich new heavy particles generate neutrino masses. We study low-scale seesawmodels, in particular the resulting energy-scale dependence of the neutrino parameters,which incorporate new particles with masses within the reach of current andfuture experiments, such as the LHC. / Standardmodellen för partikelfysik beskriver den stora majoriteten data från partikelfysikexperimentutmärkt. Den kan emellertid inte i sin enklaste form beskrivadet faktum att neutriner är massiva partiklar och leptonsmakerna är blandande,vilket krävs enligt observationerna av neutrinooscillationer. Därför måste standardmodellenutökas för att ta hänsyn till detta, vilket öppnar upp möjligheten att utforska nya och intressanta fysikaliska fenomen. Det finns många föreslagna modeller för massiva neutriner. De enklaste av dessakan beskriva observationerna med endast ett fåtal effektiva parametrar. Dessutom är neutriner de enda kända befintliga partiklar som har potentialen att vara sinaegna antipartiklar, en möjlighet som aktivt undersöks genom experiment på neutrinolöst dubbelt betasönderfall. I denna avhandling analyserar vi dessa enkla modellermed Bayesisk inferens och begränsningar från neutrinorelaterade experiment och undersöker även potentialen för framtida experiment på neutrinolöst dubbelt betasönderfall att bergänsa andra typer av ny fysik. Även mer avancerade teoretiska modeller för neutrinomassor har föreslagits, med seesawmodeller som en särskilt populär grupp av modeller där nya tunga partiklargenererar neutrinomassor. Vi studerar seesawmodeller vid låga energier, i synnerhetneutrinoparametrarnas resulterande energiberoende, vilka inkluderar nya partiklarmed massor inom räckh°all för nuvarande och framtida experiment såsom LHC. / <p>QC 20130830</p>

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