Univerzita Karlova 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Psychologie Studijní obor: Lékařská psychologie a psychopatologie Tereza Příhodová, M.A. Měření integrity v klinických podmínkách a v situaci výběru Využití testu integrity v klinické praxi a psychologii práce Integrity measures under clinical conditions and in selection situations The use of integrity test in clinical practice and at work psychology Disertační práce - abstrakt v anglickém jazyce Vedoucí závěrečné práce/Školitel: doc. PhDr. Marek Preiss, Ph.D. Konzultant: PhDr. et PaedDr. Pavel Harsa, Ph.D. et Ph.D. Praha, 2021 ABSTRACT Integrity is a psychological and philosophical construct, which is closely related to the concepts of moral psychology. In different psychological disciplines it is often associated with related constructs including conscientiousness, virtue, honesty or emotional stability. In Czech psychological and psychiatric practice integrity is a variable, which is commonly not measured and evaluated as a personal asset, mainly due to the fact that there is a lack of proper instruments, which would be accessible to clinicians or researchers. The main goal of this dissertation thesis was to introduce newly developed integrity test, which is applicable in clinical and in non-clinical settings. Thus, this thesis summarizes the...

The Word Memory Test (WMT) is a popular effort test that requires participants to memorize lists of paired words and repeat them back in a variety of different memory tasks. Four brain injured patients participated in two trials of the delayed recall (DR) portion of the WMT while undergoing fMRI scanning. In the first trial subjects put forth full effort, and during the second trial subjects were instructed to simulate increased memory impairment in order to represent poor effort. fMRI activation from both trials were compared in order to contrast full and simulated poor effort activation patterns during the WMT. Raw scores from full effort and simulated poor effort trials were compared to a control group to test the hypothesis that a brain injured population will score lower than a healthy population on the WMT while putting forth full effort. Raw score results showed lower WMT scores for TBI group. fMRI results showed larger between-group differences than between-condition differences, suggesting that the WMT is sensitive to TBI.

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, universities and colleges are required to provide accommodative services for students with disabilities. Many studies have examined the role of malingering mental health symptoms in order to obtain psychotropic medications, but very little research has been done on the role of accommodations as secondary gain in students who may malinger learning disabilities. This study sought to examine both the usefulness of implementing specific malingering detection measures in psychological evaluations with university students and the agreement of those measures within the population. Archival data was gathered from a university accommodation clinic that provided free psychological evaluations for consecutively presenting students (N=121). Four malingering detection measures were used: the Test of Memory and Malingering (TOMM), the Word Memory Test (WMT), the WAIS Digit Span (DS) and two cut scores for the MMPI-2 F Scale (F Scale 80 and F Scale 95). Scores for these four malingering detection measures were compared in terms of their agreement rates, their classification rates (at a 10% malingering base rate recommendation), and their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive powers using both the TOMM and WMT independently as diagnostic criterion. A qualitative examination of the data revealed that different combinations of measures did classify some of the same respondents as malingering. Results indicated that each of these four measures share the ability to detect malingering in its different forms and have similar classification rates. Although the TOMM and WMT likely provide overlapping information, the pragmatic implementation of one of these measures may assist in the evaluation of suspected malingering with accommodation-seeking students.

This investigation was conducted to explore the between trial variability of the measures of the isometric peak force, time to peak force, area to peak force, area under the curve, slope (20%-80%), and the average slope of subjects assigned to perform a series of four isometric grip strength contractions and to develop a discriminant function equation that would predict group membership. Forty-nine college students were instructed to perform either a series of four maximal voluntary contractions (sincere) or a series of four submaximal (deceptive) contractions. The subjects were retested 24-48 hours after the initial test session. Data from both test sessions were recorded, displayed, and analyzed using segmental curve analysis. The coefficients of variation were computed for each test variable. The grand mean coefficient of variation for the sincere condition was .31 ± .02 compared to the grand mean coefficient of variation for the deceptive condition which was .77 ± .11 (p < .01). Coefficients of variation were used to predict group membership. The prediction equation accurately classified 92% of the sincere condition and 64% of the deceptive condition. / Master of Science

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM 5) presents an alternate model for personality disorders, blending categorical and dimensional assessment into a hybrid diagnostic procedure. Released concurrently, the Personality Inventory for DSM 5 (PID 5) measures the five domains and 25 facets that comprise the trait components of this hybrid model. However, the PID 5 currently lacks validity indicators to capture intentionally distorted responding. The current study investigated the susceptibility of the PID 5 to defensiveness and feigning among a large sample of undergraduate students. First, a detailed desirability analysis (N = 465) was conducted of the PID 5 items and response options. Responses from the study were used to create three desirability based validity scales. Next, in a between-subjects simulation design (N = 128), the effects of faking were explored at domain and facet levels. As a result, two symptom based validity scales were created. In a separate validation sample (N = 134), the five newly created validity scales were compared with the Paulhus Deception Scales for capturing both defensiveness and feigning. All five scales were evaluated for ruling out faking (i.e., identifying likely genuine respondents) and ruling in either defensiveness or feigning. In most areas, the symptom based scales were more successful than the desirability based scales, though all scales had difficulty identifying defensiveness. These initial results offer fertile ground for additional testing and development of PID 5 validity scales.

Previous studies have found that poor effort can significantly impact psychometric performance by Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients. So far, this impact has been relatively well studied in attention and memory. However, this is not the case for visual perception functions. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine to what extent TBI severity affect visual perception after controlling for effort. Results showed that mild TBI good effort group did not differ from a demographically matched control group. In contrast, a mild TBI poor effort group, a moderate-severe TBI group and a right hemisphere cerebro-vascular (CVA) group performed worse than the mild TBI good effort group and the control group. The results suggest a dose response relationship between injury severity and visual perception performance. After controlling for effort, results indicated that moderate-severe TBI, but not mild TBI, has long lasting effects on visual perception. Clinical implications are discussed.

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