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Contained within this report are a series of case study field observations of selected retail design projects utilizing natural daylighting. Followed by the investigation and laboratory testing of three alternate roof fenestration patterns applicable to the least effective design. A description of the investigation procedure, a tabulation of all research findings and a section of concluding observations serve to round out this study. All of this done in an effort to prove that there exists a positive relationship between the effective incorporation of daylighting and owner/user satisfaction with the retail building type. / Master of Architecture

Within the context of the contribution that urban infill development makes to urban wholeness, this thesis examines three specific sites in the city of Charlotte, North Carolina. The thesis tests the impact upon these sites of certain environmental design theories and principles developed primarily during the twentieth century. Subsequently, it examines what effect the infilling of these sites has upon the urban wholeness of the surrounding city. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Sirotsky Gershenson.pdf: 766596 bytes, checksum: 45b208dcc2433702d551d1ded41d470b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-26 / This study analyzes the lease contract of a specific type of business organization: the Shopping Mall. We will analyze the characteristics of this kind of development and other aspects that make it a complex and unique structure and which also make it distinct from other commercial centers. Even after the Lease Law was sanctioned (Law 8.245/91), which defined the relationship between the entrepreneur and the shopkeeper as a location, it is possible to consider the peculiarities of this kind of business and notice that there is still controversy about the legal nature of this kind of contract. Thus, we will study the doctrinal positions on the legal nature of the mall, and later qualify it as a typical or atypical contract. The legal business will be contextualized within the modern view of contract law, analyzing its main principles, in particular social function, equity and good faith. We will analyze the Mall contract and its peculiar clauses under the perspective of those paradigms. We will then approach the subject of how the termination of this kind of contract would work in case of breach of its provisions, and its chances for revision or alteration. Finally, this study will weave considerations about termination or renewal actions as far as the lease contract in shopping malls is concerned / O presente estudo busca analisar o contrato de locação em um tipo específico de organização comercial: o Shopping Center. Serão analisadas as características dessa espécie de empreendimento e demais aspectos que tornam sua estrutura única e complexa, diferenciada dos demais formatos de centros comerciais. Mesmo após sancionada a Lei de Locações (Lei 8.245/91), que definiu a relação existente entre o empreendedor e o lojista como de locação, diante das peculiaridades dessa espécie de negócio, ainda existe controvérsia sobre a natureza jurídica do contrato. Assim, serão investigados os posicionamentos doutrinários acerca da natureza jurídica do shopping center, para posteriormente qualificá-lo como contrato típico ou atípico. O negócio jurídico será contextualizado dentro da visão moderna do direito contratual, analisando-se os seus princípios informadores, em especial o da função social, equidade e da boa-fé. Analisar-se-á sob a ótica dos referidos paradigmas o contrato de shopping center e suas cláusulas peculiares. Será abordado, então, como funciona a resolução dessa espécie de contrato diante do descumprimento de suas cláusulas e suas hipóteses de revisão ou alteração. Por fim, o presente estudo tecerá considerações acerca das ações revisionais e renovatórias do contrato de locação em shopping center

Characterization of cellulose by its molecular weight distribution is afforded after polymeranalogeous dissolution. Additionally, a molecular dispersion of the polymer is a prerequisite. Common processes are dissolution of cellulose in dimethylacetamide-lithiumchloride, nitration and carbanilation. Degradation of the polysaccharide chains can occur in each of the mentioned processes. It is shown that degradation in pyridine occurs via beta-elimination at carbonyl groups along the cellulose chains. Carbanilierung in DMSO is much more pronounced. It comprises oxidation along the Pfitzner-Moffatt-mechanism and subsequent beta-elimination at the thus formed carbonyl-groups. This was elucidated with model systems and by investigation of the carbanilation in different media. Carbonyl groups of cellulose are masked through reaction with phenylisocyanate. This was shown with model. Therefore, the determination of carbonyl groups in cellulose-tricarbanilates is not possible. The separation of low-molecular weight byproducts was optimised. The influence of pretreatment and preactivation of cellulose-samples on the completeness of the conversion was studied. A standard protocol for the carbanilation of cellulose is provided. / Cellulose wird u.a. durch ihre Molmassenverteilung charakterisiert, deren Ermittlung ein polymeranaloges Verfahren zur molekulardispersen Auflösung des Polymers erfordert. Hierfür sind die Direktlösung, die Nitrierung und die Carbanilierung in Gebrauch. Bei allen Prozessen kann es zum Abbau der Polysaccharidketten kommen, wobei diesen Prozessen wenig Beachtung geschenkt wurde. In der Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß der Abbau bei der Carbanilierung in Pyridin durch Beta-Eliminierung an vorhandenen Carbonylgruppen erfolgt. Die Carbanilierung in DMSO fällt stets stärker aus als bei Einsatz von Pyridin und umfasst die Prozesse Oxidation nach dem Pfitzner-Moffatt-Mechanismus und anschließende Beta-Eliminierung an den neu gebildeten Carbonylgruppen. Dies wird durch Untersuchungen an Modellsystemen und am Polymer herausgearbeitet. Carbonylgruppen an Cellulose werden durch die Umsetzung mit Phenylisocyanat maskiert, was an Modellverbindungen gezeigt wurde (Bildung von Endioldicarbanilaten und carbanilierten Halbacetalen). Ihre Bestimmung in Cellulosecarbanilaten ist daher nicht möglich. Die Abtrennung von niedermolekularen Nebenprodukten der Umsetzung wurde optimiert. Der Einfluss der Vorbehandlung und Voraktivierung von Celluloseproben auf die Vollständigkeit der Umsetzung wurde eingehend untersucht. Es wird ein Standardverfahren zur Carbanilierung von Cellulose angegeben.

Afrikaans text / In hierdie navorsing is misdaadvoorkoming by besigheidskomplekse ondersoek aan die hand van Oscar Newman se verdedigbare ruimte teorie. Centurionsentrum is as studiegeval verkies omdat daar groot gebiede is wat volgens 'n oop plan ontwerp is en glad nie snags toegesluit kan word nie. Centurionsentrum is belig aan die hand van die meganismes van verdedigbare ruimte en 'n misdaadvoorkomingsmodel is ook vir Centurionsentrum opgestel. Aanbevelings vir die ontwerp van sekuriteit by die beplanning van enige besigheidskompleks is ook gedoen. Daar kan egter nog baie navorsing in hierdie ontwikkelende gebied van misdaadvoorkoming gedoen word en voorstelle vir moontlike toekomstige navorsing is gemaak. Misdaadvoorkoming; verdedigbareruimte, besigheidskompleks, winkelsentrum, omgewingsontwerp. / In this section of research, crime prevention at business complexes was examined and Oscar Newman's defensible space theory was used in the analysis. Centurion Centre was chosen as a study case because it has an open plan design. This has the effect that some parts of the centre cannot be closed at night. Centurion Centre was described in terms of the defensible space mechanisms. A crime prevention model was drawn up for Centurion Centre and recommendations were made regarding the security of future designs for business complexes. This field of study and approach to crime prevention is, however, very new in South Africa and suggestions for more research have been made. Crime prevention; defensible space, business complex, shopping centre, environmental design. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Kriminologie)

M. Tech. Business Administration / The purpose of this study is to profile the suburban mall shopper in terms of their demographic profile characteristics and to gain an understanding of the factors that mall managers employ to attract these shoppers to their suburbian shopping malls as well as the influence these factors may have on their consumer behaviour.

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Real Estate and Construction

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Manufactured, experiential, consumption environments are increasingly mimicking the design techniques and principles on display within the Disney theme parks. One particular example of an experiential consumption environment which has been influenced by the Disney-style approach to business is the shopping mall. These commercialized attractions offer a distant alternative, and distraction, to everyday life. The theoretical concept of Disneyization offers insight into what visitors to these manufactured experiential consumption destinations are (assumed to be) searching for - and in-turn receiving. This thesis specifically focuses on 1) the development and design of the New Zealand shopping mall by assessing the extent to which identified elements of the Disney theme parks are replicated within the country's shopping destinations 2) the degree to which experiential consumption environments are being developed within New Zealand. Based upon the review of completed fieldwork, the 'System of Objects' theory proposed by Baudrillard and image association perspectives of Eco are added to the theoretical analysis as a complimentary aside to the Disneyization concept. These works also further highlight the link between experiential consumption environments and those who visit them.