This study aims to understand the glocal character of shopping malls and consumption patterns in the specific case of Ankara. The shopping mall has been a manifestation of globalization in the changing urban space as well as culture in Ankara since the 1990s. It has marked a significant shift from local dispositions of consumption and retailing, too. The study explores how this shift occurs in Ankara with regard to four aspects: spatial reorganization of urban space via malls / changing consumption patterns and urban public culture / the rise of organized retailing / and, finally, the interplay between the global and the local in commodification processes. The data was collected from semi-structured interviews with twenty-eight salespeople in four malls, namely Begendik, Arcadium, Ankamall and Optimum. These four cases each display a distinct blend of global currents and local orientations. It was realized that malls are increasingly popular for they signify a much-needed urban space and public life for the socially and culturally differentiating people in the city. Orientations of mall visitors vary regarding age, gender, neighborhood and occupational differences, while urban or rural identities can be also effective in the social practices in different malls. The ways shop employees differentiate themselves change according to their perception of consumers in a certain mall, too.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Afrikaans text / In hierdie navorsing is misdaadvoorkoming by besigheidskomplekse ondersoek aan die hand van Oscar Newman se verdedigbare ruimte teorie. Centurionsentrum is as studiegeval verkies omdat daar groot gebiede is wat volgens 'n oop plan ontwerp is en glad nie snags toegesluit kan word nie. Centurionsentrum is belig aan die hand van die meganismes van verdedigbare ruimte en 'n misdaadvoorkomingsmodel is ook vir Centurionsentrum opgestel. Aanbevelings vir die ontwerp van sekuriteit by die beplanning van enige besigheidskompleks is ook gedoen. Daar kan egter nog baie navorsing in hierdie ontwikkelende gebied van misdaadvoorkoming gedoen word en voorstelle vir moontlike toekomstige navorsing is gemaak. Misdaadvoorkoming; verdedigbareruimte, besigheidskompleks, winkelsentrum, omgewingsontwerp. / In this section of research, crime prevention at business complexes was examined and Oscar Newman's defensible space theory was used in the analysis. Centurion Centre was chosen as a study case because it has an open plan design. This has the effect that some parts of the centre cannot be closed at night. Centurion Centre was described in terms of the defensible space mechanisms. A crime prevention model was drawn up for Centurion Centre and recommendations were made regarding the security of future designs for business complexes. This field of study and approach to crime prevention is, however, very new in South Africa and suggestions for more research have been made. Crime prevention; defensible space, business complex, shopping centre, environmental design. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Kriminologie)

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-11T13:33:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Lucas A. Freitas - 2016.pdf: 2716743 bytes, checksum: 81ec501b7ac3258c32ab8676d9ab5774 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T13:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Lucas A. Freitas - 2016.pdf: 2716743 bytes, checksum: 81ec501b7ac3258c32ab8676d9ab5774 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-05 / CAPES / Estão inseridos na proposta deste trabalho dois objetivos: o primeiro consiste na realização de levantamento e caracterização do consumo de energia elétrica dos shopping centers de Pernambuco; o segundo tem por _nalidade aplicar uma metodologia de decisão econômica que permite avaliar a melhor con_guração de um sistema térmico para o atendimento das demandas de frio e energia elétrica dos shopping centers. O procedimento de otimização busca minimizar o VPL (Valor Presente Líquido) do sistema e, para isso, utiliza-se de um método híbrido composto por quatro passos: proposta do sistema genérico, pré-seleção dos equipamentos, busca exaustiva e Programação Linear. A otimização considera aspectos técnicos e econômicos, tais como: curvas de demandas de energia, tarifas em base horária, rendimentos e custos dos equipamentos proporcionais às potências. A _m de verificar o quão robusto é o sistema base foram consideradas algumas variáveis econômicas como, por exemplo, a variação da tarifa de combustível, variação da tarifa de energia elétrica, custo de aquisição do motogerador de eletricidade, variação da taxa de câmbio (dólar/real), além do estudo da variação da demanda em horário de ponta. Ainda, foi de_nido, para cada parâmetro estudado, um fator de variabilidade de 50% - 200%. O sistema se mostrou muito sensível a mudanças nas tarifas energéticas, para as quais suportou uma redução de apenas 9% na tarifa de gás natural, ou, ainda, um aumento de 12% na tarifa de energia elétrica. Para taxa cambial e o custo inicial do motogerador, as variações suportadas foram de 26% e 24% respectivamente. Já no que se refere à variação da demanda em horário de ponta, o sistema suportou um aumento de 70%. / They are included in the proposal of this work two objectives: the _rst is to carry out survey and characterization of the electricity consumption of the shopping malls of Pernambuco; the second on implementing an economic decision methodology to evaluate the best con_guration of a thermal system to meet the demands of cold and power of shopping malls. The optimization procedure seeks to minimize the NPV (Net Present Value) of the system and, therefore, we use a hybrid method consists of four steps: proposed generic system, pre-selection of equipment, exhaustive search and Linear Programming. The optimization considers technical and economic aspects, such as energy demand curves, tari_ on hourly basis, e_ciencies and costs in proportion to the power equipment. In order to check how robust is the base system were considered some economic variables such as, for example, the change in fuel price, change in electricity tari_, cost of purchase of electricity power generator, exchange rate variation (dollar / real), and the demand variation study in peak hours. Still, it was de_ned for each parameter studied, a variability factor of 50% - 200%. The system was too sensitive to changes in energy prices, for which bore a decrease of only 9% in the gas rate , or even a 12% increase in electricity tari_. For exchange rate and the initial cost of the motor generator, supported changes were 26% and 24% respectively. In what regards the variation of demand peak time, the system supported a 70% increase.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-18T13:35:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabioluizdafonseca.pdf: 13654602 bytes, checksum: 5de1bc3788016c84df267128b4330a31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-01T18:42:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabioluizdafonseca.pdf: 13654602 bytes, checksum: 5de1bc3788016c84df267128b4330a31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T18:42:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabioluizdafonseca.pdf: 13654602 bytes, checksum: 5de1bc3788016c84df267128b4330a31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Partindo de uma investigação que alia traços teóricos, históricos e empíricos, o presente trabalho busca um estudo baseado na hipótese de que os calçadões são espaços públicos que apresentam uma importante contribuição para as qualidades urbanas no centro de Juiz de Fora. Para tanto partimos de um referencial teórico sobre espaço público, seus conceitos e transformações ao longo da história, como forma de entendimento da evolução dos espaços voltados para o uso do pedestre até o surgimento dos calçadões tal como os conhecemos atualmente. Os espaços públicos na área central de Juiz de Fora se apresentam dinâmicos e coesos, formando um sistema que ao mesmo tempo é suporte e contribui para as qualidades urbanas, como a diversidade, a vitalidade, a centralidade e a identidade que encontramos no centro da cidade. Nesta pesquisa, destacamos os calçadões como objetos de estudo, visto que desenvolvem um importante papel para o sistema e são uma importante referência para a cultura juizforana em geral. Para o entendimento deste sistema e da inserção dos calçadões, buscamos uma contextualização sobre a formação histórico-morfológica do centro da cidade e seus espaços públicos. Apresentamos um estudo sobre as origens dos calçadões, justificativas para sua implantação, sucessivas intervenções, projetos e técnicas utilizadas para sua construção; além da criação de outros que tendem a ampliar a rede de vias para pedestres da malha urbana do Centro de Juiz de Fora. / Based on an investigation that combines theoretical, historical and empirical features, this work seeks a study based on the hypothesis that the pedestrian malls have an important contribution to the urban qualities in Juiz de Fora downtown area. It was based upon a theoretical framework about public space, its concepts and transformations throughout history as a way of understanding the evolution of areas geared towards the use of the pedestrian until the rise of the pedestrian malls as we know them nowadays. The public spaces in the central area of Juiz de Fora are present as dynamic and cohesive, forming a system that at the same time supports and contributes to the urban qualities, such as diversity, vitality, centrality, and identity. In this research, we highlight the pedestrian malls as objects of study, since they develop an important role in this system, and are an important reference for Juiz de Fora’s culture in general. To understand this system and the inclusion of pedestrian malls, we seek a contextualization about the historical and morphological formation of the city center and its public spaces. We present a study on the origins of the pedestrian malls, the justifications for their implementation, subsequent interventions, projects and techniques. We also highlight their spatial characteristics, function and relationship to other public spaces, as well as the possibilities of extending the existing pedestrian malls and creation of new ones, that tend to establish a net of pedestrian streets included in the urban center of Juiz de Fora.

M.A. (Industrial Sociology) / Identity construction amongst the youth is a vital process as it shapes who they are and what they want to be. Rapid social change contributes a great deal to the ways people create and shape their identities. This study focuses on youth identity construction in South Africa, specifically among young people at The Zone, a shopping mall in Rosebank, Johannesburg. In South Africa much research has been done on youths mainly focusing on delinquency. There is thus a knowledge gap with regard to youth identity and the positive aspects of life. This study, therefore, aims to shed light on the positive aspects of identity construction among the youth. Previous studies on youth identity construction have shown that youth identities are constructed in a world where popular culture dominates people’s existence. The construction of youth identity at The Zone is examined by focusing on music, fashion and technology as the main elements of popular culture. The theoretical framework of this study is derived mainly from scholarly work on identity formation, popular culture and youth culture at The Zone. For this study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in which the following data gathering processes were applied: focus groups, semi-structured face-toface interviews, and questionnaires. The findings of the study show that identity construction amongst the youth is done through their interaction with one another as well as the images, styles and entertainment that form part of popular culture. Democratic South Africa has opened doors of choices for young people. Within certain constraints, they are able to do what they like, become who they like and explore their identities. The findings show that even though they come from different backgrounds, their aspirations to be hip and sophisticated, as dictated by popular culture, are similar.

The rapid urban development has impacted a great loss of natural landscape in the U.S in recent years. In the process of urbanization, the population has moved from the city centers to the edges of the Metropolitan or the newly developed suburbs as much as 62% until 2000. The annual conversion rate of undeveloped land to developed land between 1982 and 1992 was 1.4 million acres per year while it accelerated later in only five years between 1992 and 1997 to 2.2 million acres per year. Among all the development one of the most common was the Enormous shopping mall in suburban districts which are the collections of a vast range of retail corporations in response to the growing consumerism. In support of the gigantic malls, more service infrastructures were built as in the multi-storied parking garages, surface parking, HVAC. Currently, the total number of malls in the U.S is approximately 116,000. The downside of the development has been observed as rapid as it has grown. As in 2014, nearly 3% of all the malls in the United States were considered to be "dying" (40% or higher vacancy rates) and nearly one-fifth of all malls had vacancy rates considered "troubling" (10% or higher). The sudden deterioration was caused because of several factors such as the socio-economic change of the demography in the urban context, the change in the spending habit of the consumers (i.e. spending for experience rather than goods), Rise of the E-commerce, etc. While the dying circumstance continues, these vast and trapped places have nothing but negative impacts in the urban environment as being wasteful land, blocking the visual connectivity through places, clogging the pedestrian flow, contributing to the heat island effect. Thus the problem is evoking to rethink a sustainable design approach. This thesis will first generate an adaptive master plan for the future, in a specific site as the result of investigating the socio-economic issues that forced the mall site to be vacant. After projecting the master plan, the architectural project will be proposed which will prioritize the physical and social development of the context. Educating people regarding the redevelopment of the community and the sustainable way of living are the key features of the project. The new project will be considered an iconic community asset that would serve the neighborhoods. / Master of Architecture / The rapid urban development has impacted a great loss of natural landscape in the U.S in recent years. In the process of urbanization, the population has moved from the city centers to the edges of the Metropolitan or the newly developed suburbs as much as 62% until 2000. To serve the resettled population new services have been developed at the outskirts of the cities. Among all the development one of the most common was the Enormous shopping mall in suburban districts which are the collections of a vast range of retail corporations in response to the growing consumerism. In support of the gigantic malls, more service infrastructures were built as in the multi-storied parking garages, surface parking, HVAC. Currently, the total number of malls in the U.S is approximately 116,000. The downside of the development has been observed as rapid as it has grown. As in 2014, nearly 3% of all the malls in the United States were considered to be "dying" (40% or higher vacancy rates) and nearly one-fifth of all malls had vacancy rates considered "troubling" (10% or higher). The sudden deterioration was caused because of several factors such as the socio-economic change of the demography in the urban context, the change in the spending habit of the consumers (i.e. spending for experience rather than goods), Rise of the E-commerce, etc. This thesis will explore the strategy for reintegrating the troubling mall sites within the urban fabric. The thesis will first generate an adaptive master plan for the future, in a specific site as the result of investigating the socio-economic issues that forced the mall site to be vacant. After projecting the master plan, the architectural project will be proposed which will prioritize the physical and social development of the context. Educating people regarding the redevelopment of the community and the sustainable way of living are the key features of the project. The new project will be considered an iconic community asset that would serve the neighborhoods.

This study employed the grounded theory methodology suggested by Strauss and Corbin (1990) to analyze and explore the meaning of and motivation for mall walking among a group of older, rural, independently living adults. Interviews were conducted with 14 respondents aged 62-81 and participant observation was conducted at a rural mall. Mall walking was initially motivated by three conditions: (a) expert-directed advice, (b) self-determined goals, and (c) the invitation of significant others. Four major factors encouraged continued participation in mall walking: (a) the need to create work roles after retirement, (b) fear due to perceived vulnerability in the community, (c) social supports from family and peers, and (d) a sense of membership in a community of older adults that was generally time and place specific. Members of this mall community shared activities, routines, rituals, beliefs, and a sense of belonging. Despite medical disorders, all of the respondents said their health was good. After initially responding to medical advice to walk, walkers paid little or no attention to medical problems. These older adults did not continue to mall walk in response to expert medical direction. This finding suggests that health promoting activities should not rely on the continuing influence of medical advice to encourage adherence or ongoing participation in health promoting activities, and should instead attend to the social constructs of health and wellness. An important implication for future research is the finding that mall walking was a quasi-work activity, not exercise. Walkers created "work" routines and roles that replaced those lost upon retirement. The equation of mall walking with work has implications for both the design and the implementation of health promoting activities for older adults. / Ph. D.

Robert Kaplan與David Norton（2004）於策略地圖一書中指出，平衡計分卡四大構面，即財務、顧客、內部流程、學習與成長，是有某種程度的相關性而連結在一起的。提升與整合無形資產，必定能改善內部流程，進而增進顧客構面與改善關係人權益。 針對此一構面相關性的課題，本研究以購物中心為例，建構百貨零售業的策略管理架構，藉由績效衡量指標的建立，實施問卷調查，找出指標重要性。接著以多變量的統計方法分析資料，驗證平衡計分卡各個構面的相關性。 研究結果發現，「學習與成長構面」顯著正向的影響「內部流程構面」；而「學習與成長構面」也顯著正向的影響「財務構面」；但「學習與成長構面」對於「顧客構面」雖然呈現正向影響，在本研究的模式下卻不顯著。另外，「內部流程構面」顯著正向的影響「顧客構面」；而「內部流程構面」對「財務構面」的影響，雖為正向但並不顯著。最後，「顧客構面」顯著正向的影響「財務構面」。 實務上的意義是，百貨公司如果要提升獲利，可以藉由學習成長構面的增進來提升內部流程構面，再藉由內部流程構面的增進來提升顧客構面，進一步由顧客構面的增進來改善財務績效。 / In the book of Strategy Maps, Robert Kaplan and David Norton delineated that the four perspectives of balanced scorecard link together in a chain of cause-and-effect relations. Enhancing and Aligning intangible assets leads to improved process performance, which, in turn, results in customer and shareholder success. This research was based on a case study of a shopping mall in Taipei County. We established a set of performance measurement indicators and gave members of the shopping center a survey. After applying the SEM and LISREL, the results found how important those indicators were. By using multivariate analysis technique, we demonstrated the chain of causation between various perspectives of balanced scorecard. Our findings showed that learning and growth perspective affected internal process perspective positively. Learning and growth perspective affected financial perspective positively. But learning and growth perspective could not affect customer perspective significantly. On the other hand, internal process perspective affected customer perspective positively, but could not significantly affect the financial perspective. Ultimately, we found that customer perspective affected financial perspective positively. In practice, if a shopping center wants to raise profit by strengthening customer perspective, it can enhance learning and growth of employees to increase internal process perspective. Then, better internal process can bring out the improvement in customer perspective.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005. / Includes bibliography.