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published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-177).

A formal hierarchical structure in schools results in a centralised form of management. Management by objectives can break a formal hierarchical structure at a school with the result that members of the staff will participate more readily. There is a relationship between play, game and sport, forming a continuum leading from play to game to sport. This continuum is not only continuous but it is also mutually inclusive and interwoven. Education is the most complete equipment of the religious human being regarding occupational fulfilment. School athletics can be used extracurriculum to educate children totally. There is a relationship between instruction and school athletics. Modalities as basic forms of reality include certain implications regarding school athletics and its management. These implications reveal certain values extending from the arithmetical to the credible modalities. Massparticipation should be the starting point in order to fully utilise the values of school athletics. Management by objectives can be defined as a way of management where management takes place on the basis of objectives formulated by way of participation and endeavouring to reach these objectives within a set time limit. Personal objectives of staff must coincide with the organizational objectives and the testing and evaluation of the results must take place by means of achievements based on the objectives. The implementation of certain steps result in a management by objectives plan for school athletics. If such a plan is put into operation it provides a school with a unique management by objectives programme for school athletics. The problems contained in management by objectives could paramountly be seated in human behaviour. Through dedication and enthusiasm of the executive council, especially the principal, these problems might be bridged. Management by objectives can thus be applied successfully in schools. / Skripsie (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1988

A formal hierarchical structure in schools results in a centralised form of management. Management by objectives can break a formal hierarchical structure at a school with the result that members of the staff will participate more readily. There is a relationship between play, game and sport, forming a continuum leading from play to game to sport. This continuum is not only continuous but it is also mutually inclusive and interwoven. Education is the most complete equipment of the religious human being regarding occupational fulfilment. School athletics can be used extracurriculum to educate children totally. There is a relationship between instruction and school athletics. Modalities as basic forms of reality include certain implications regarding school athletics and its management. These implications reveal certain values extending from the arithmetical to the credible modalities. Massparticipation should be the starting point in order to fully utilise the values of school athletics. Management by objectives can be defined as a way of management where management takes place on the basis of objectives formulated by way of participation and endeavouring to reach these objectives within a set time limit. Personal objectives of staff must coincide with the organizational objectives and the testing and evaluation of the results must take place by means of achievements based on the objectives. The implementation of certain steps result in a management by objectives plan for school athletics. If such a plan is put into operation it provides a school with a unique management by objectives programme for school athletics. The problems contained in management by objectives could paramountly be seated in human behaviour. Through dedication and enthusiasm of the executive council, especially the principal, these problems might be bridged. Management by objectives can thus be applied successfully in schools. / Skripsie (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1988