CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Despite Institutions Teaching and Research possess a fundamental role in the formation of its professionals, the lack of oversight and vision, along with the improper disposal of chemical waste, have led many laboratories and, consequently, many universities, polluting the environment, promote material waste and mismanagement perform its chemical waste liabilities and assets. Within this context, this work aims to propose a system for managing chemical waste generated at the Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of CearÃ, with a focus on preventive actions to minimize waste, followed by their treatment. For this, the methodology consisted initially of completing the inventory of chemical waste liabilities followed by characterization of unidentified reagents, which are amenable to reuse. Based on a questionnaire, it was possible to know the main active chemical analyzes generating waste and the situation of how these waste materials were processed in the laboratory. These residues were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals and submitted the metal copper in waste from the analysis of NTK and silver, mercury and hexavalent chromium in the waste analysis of COD. Thus, treatments have been proposed for each metal, which were quantitated using the techniques of X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame. It was possible to characterize 85.71% of unidentified reagents and thus reuse of 58,125% of the Labosan passive chemical waste. Through the technique of atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame (FAAS), the residue of NKT analysis showed 100% removal of this cover, while the COD analysis of the residue showed removal of 99.984% 99.975% silver and chrome . Thus, it was observed that the final supernatants of chrome and copper treatments showed results within the limits established by CONAMA Resolution No. 430/2011. Through the technique of fluorescence (XRF) X-rays, it was found that solid precipitates of heavy metals showed high purities, such as silver which had purity of 99.223% and the mercury that had purity of 93.540%. Thus, the study supports the need to investigate further all waste generated in Labosan, as also with the implementation of a program of Chemical Waste Management in the UFC. / Apesar das InstituiÃÃes de Ensino e Pesquisa possuÃrem um papel fundamental na formaÃÃo de seus profissionais, a falta de fiscalizaÃÃo e de visÃo, juntamente com o descarte inadequado dos resÃduos quÃmicos, levaram muitos laboratÃrios e, consequentemente, muitas universidades, a poluir o meio ambiente, promover o desperdÃcio de material e realizar o mau gerenciamento dos seus resÃduos quÃmicos passivos e ativos. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho objetiva propor um sistema de gerenciamento dos resÃduos quÃmicos gerados no LaboratÃrio de Saneamento Ambiental do Departamento de Engenharia HidrÃulica e Ambiental da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, com enfoque nas aÃÃes preventivas de minimizaÃÃo dos resÃduos, seguido do seu tratamento. Para isso, a metodologia constituiu-se inicialmente da realizaÃÃo do inventÃrio dos resÃduos quÃmicos passivos seguido da caracterizaÃÃo dos reagentes nÃo identificados, os quais sÃo passÃveis de reaproveitamento. Com base na aplicaÃÃo de um questionÃrio, foi possÃvel conhecer as principais anÃlises geradoras de resÃduos quÃmicos ativos e a situaÃÃo de como esses materiais residuais eram tratados no laboratÃrio. Esses resÃduos foram analisados quanto à presenÃa de metais pesados, tendo apresentado o metal cobre nos resÃduos provenientes da anÃlise de NTK e prata, mercÃrio e cromo hexavalente nos resÃduos da anÃlise de DQO. Assim, foram propostos tratamentos para cada metal, os quais foram quantificados utilizando as tÃcnicas de fluorescÃncia de raios-X e espectroscopia de absorÃÃo atÃmica de chama. Conseguiu-se a caracterizaÃÃo de 85,71% dos reagentes nÃo identificados e com isso a reutilizaÃÃo de 58,125% dos resÃduos quÃmicos passivos do Labosan. AtravÃs da tÃcnica de espectroscopia de absorÃÃo atÃmica de chama (FAAS), o resÃduo da anÃlise de NTK apresentou remoÃÃo de 100% do cobre presente, enquanto que o resÃduo da anÃlise de DQO apresentou remoÃÃo de 99,984% da prata e de 99,975% do cromo. Assim, foi observado que os sobrenadantes finais dos tratamentos do cromo e do cobre apresentaram resultados dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela ResoluÃÃo CONAMA n 430/2011. AtravÃs da tÃcnica de fluorescÃncia de raios-X (FRX), verificou-se que os sÃlidos precipitados dos metais pesados apresentaram elevadas purezas, como à o caso da prata que apresentou pureza de 99,223% e do mercÃrio que apresentou pureza de 93,540%. Assim, o estudo corrobora com a necessidade de investigar mais profundamente todos os resÃduos gerados no Labosan, como tambÃm com a implantaÃÃo de um Programa de Gerenciamento de ResÃduos QuÃmicos na UFC.

Waste from healthcare facilities or similar facilities includes components of various physical, chemical and biological character that require special approaches during the handling, specifically with regard to possible risks to human health and the environment. Nowadays a challenge for waste management system becomes waste produced in healthcare facilities and contributes too many reasons, such as population growth and rising life expectancy. The rate of waste production from healthcare facilities depends on the facility type, its specialty, inpatient capacity, level of amenities and location. Waste from healthcare facilities need to be sorted and removed to avoid endangering the health of patients, healthcare workers and the environment. The aim of the study was to describe and compare the waste management systems in healthcare facilities between Czech Republic and Kazakhstan. Within the work was performed statistical analysis of the healthcare waste generation in the selected region of Kazakhstan. The results show that the only factor that affects the rate of waste generation is inpatient capacity of healthcare facility. It was also found that the production of healthcare waste differs significantly between ambulatory and stationary care facilities. The research results show that public...

Las instituciones educativas y las empresas de servicios que cuenten con laboratorios de química o afines, para realizar experiencias de laboratorio o análisis químicos como parte de los servicios prestados a terceros, requieren al igual que las empresas productivas, de una gestión y un adecuado manejo de sus residuos químicos. Para ello, deben elaborar y aplicar un Plan de Manejo de Residuos Químicos de Laboratorio y dependiendo del tamaño de la institución (u organización) deberán contar con un sistema de información conocido como Bolsa de Residuos Químicos (BRQ) para el reaprovechamiento de sus residuos generados. Si los residuos no pueden ser reaprovechados, deberán realizar un tratamiento de los mismos con la finalidad de desactivarlos para su disposición final. No se debe olvidar que los costos asociados al manejo de los productos químicos tienen que incluir los costos de gestión y manejo de los residuos. / The educative institutions and the companies of services that count on compatible laboratories of chemistry, in order to bring chemical experiences of laboratory or analyses as a part of a service to third, require, like the productive companies, of an appropriate management and handling of their chemical wastes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao gabriela engma.pdf: 1931440 bytes, checksum: 21242c57b339474d42b5d45602466a47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-25 / The malls are large centers of consumption and leisure where the population find everything under the same roof, options for shopping, food and fun. The waste generation within these stores is big, especially in food. Most malls in Brazil does not have a plan for waste management, which possibly contributes to environmental problems and the reduction of life in landfills. Thus, this study aimed to develop a plan for managing solid waste from a large Shopping Center of the State of Goiás, to minimize, reuse and recycling of waste and the correct management of them. For this end, information was raised through interviews and site visits. The research was divided, basically, in diagnosis and prognosis (in other words, proposals for corrective measures). Diagnoses were evaluated in the waste-generating activities as well as the identification, classification and quantification of waste, and waste management practices used. The results indicated that the residue found in greatest quantity was the construction and demolition (137 t/ month), followed by organic material (75 t/ month). The paper also had a significant (8.5 t/ month). Except for the remains of cardboard, which is segregated, most of the potentially recyclable waste, which could still be traded, was found contaminated with organic waste and is therefore willing landfill in the Goiânia municipality. There was also no segregation of any kind regarding hazardous waste. Thus, some hazardous waste such as lamps with mercury vapor, are prepared along with other waste and improperly referred to the landfill. There Were found outside the waste containers, lack of capacity of them, casting the slurry and risks of contamination, therefore, in the same place where the waste is stored, the materials are discharged to supply the shops. As corrective measures, and alternatives were presented guidelines for the handling, collection, transport, storage and final disposal of waste. It was proposed the model of segregation into two groups: "recyclable materials" and "Organic and others." New containers were placed in selective shopping environments, along with informational posters. The points of loading and unloading (Pier) were retired and new containers were implanted selective. There was a significant change in the habits of officials and merchants who attended the training after the implementation of selective containers. However, for the operation of the plan, the segregation has to be done in an integrated manner, which still does not occur at the mall. The recyclable materials will be taken to a central sorting, which will be located in an area outside the mall. There, the waste will be segregated for better subsequent sale. For lamps, was located a container with its own specifications for the waste / Os shopping centers são centros de grande consumo e lazer onde a população encontra, sob um mesmo teto, opções para compras, alimentação e diversão. A geração de resíduos dentro dessas lojas é grande, principalmente na área de alimentação. A maioria dos shoppings no Brasil não possui um plano de gerenciamento de resíduos, o que, possivelmente, contribui com problemas ambientais e a redução da vida útil nos aterros sanitários. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar um plano de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de um Shopping Center de grande porte do Estado de Goiás, visando a minimização, reúso e reciclagem dos resíduos bem como o correto manejo dos mesmos. Para tal, foram levantadas informações através de entrevistas, bem como visitas in loco. A pesquisa se dividiu, basicamente, em diagnóstico e prognóstico (ou seja, proposições de medidas corretivas). No diagnóstico foram avaliadas as atividades geradoras de resíduos bem como a identificação, classificação e quantificação dos resíduos; e as práticas de manejo dos resíduos utilizadas. Os resultados indicaram que o resíduo encontrado em maior quantidade foi o de construção e demolição (137 t./mês), seguido do material orgânico (75 t./ mês). O papelão também teve uma parcela significativa (8,5 t./ mês). Exceto para os restos de papelão, o qual é segregado, grande parte dos resíduos potencialmente recicláveis, que poderiam estar sendo comercializados, encontraram-se contaminados com resíduos orgânicos, sendo, portanto, dispostos no aterro sanitário do município de Goiânia. Verificou-se, também, que não há nenhum tipo de segregação quanto à periculosidade dos resíduos. Dessa forma, alguns resíduos perigosos, como as lâmpadas com vapor de mercúrio, são dispostos juntamente com os outros resíduos e encaminhadas indevidamente para o referido aterro. Foram encontrados resíduos fora dos contêineres, por falta de capacidade dos mesmos, vazamento de chorume e riscos de contaminação, pois, no mesmo local onde os resíduos são armazenados, são descarregados os insumos para abastecimento das lojas. Como medidas corretivas, foram apresentadas diretrizes e alternativas para o acondicionamento, coleta, transporte, armazenamento e disposição final dos resíduos. Foi proposto o modelo de segregação em apenas dois grupos: Materiais Recicláveis e Orgânico e outros . Novos recipientes seletivos foram colocados nos ambientes do shopping, juntamente com cartazes informativos. Os locais de carga e descarga (Cais) foram reformados e novos contêineres seletivos foram implantados. Observou-se uma mudança significativa nos hábitos dos funcionários e dos lojistas que participaram dos treinamentos após a implantação dos recipientes seletivos. Porém, para o funcionamento do plano, a segregação tem que ser feita de modo integrado, o que ainda não ocorre no shopping. Os materiais recicláveis serão levados para uma central de triagem, que será implantada numa área externa do shopping. Lá, os resíduos serão melhor segregados para posterior venda. Para as lâmpadas, foi implantado um contêiner com especificações próprias para esse resíduo

Any business management process involves a relevant risk management process whereas proper integration of risk management process following the lean guidelines can result in an efficient risk management process. This is a vital advantageous character for successful companies of this era. However, in real world business, many cases have been observed with different types of hidden wastes associated with their risk management process. These wastes act as obstacles to create value for their customer.Hence, the need for an integrated risk management process enabled with a lean perspective is growing in all levels of business and industry. Lean management and risk management process are in close interaction whether we see it or not. There would be two options ahead of organizations. First option is to ignore this mutual relationship between lean management and risk management process and the other option is to try to understand this interaction in detail with a continuous effort to make it more efficient. This conscious approach to the issue can turn into an efficient integration in successful cases. Integration process towards having a lean risk management is a tricky journey that requires proper understanding of the issue among the associated people and smart strategic decision making along with proper tactical knowledge and know-hows. In the current thesis work, we have tried to apply lean philosophy in order to recognize the wastes and non value added activities. This integration process starts with recognizing the context of risk management in a target organization. It is critical to recognize the risk management process steps because it is necessary to analyze the process steps one by one. Importance of following the flow principle of lean philosophy is a must in order to attain to a streamlined progress in the work. Consequently eight typical lean wastes should be identified in the relevant risk management process steps. In order to be able to eliminate the identified non value added activities, lean tools would be applied at this stage of the work. In other words, the root causes to the process wastes would be tracked down with the aim of eliminating or reducing them.Through proper application of lean tools in the integration process, we would get to a level of improved effectiveness and efficiency in our organization. In a comprehensive lean risk management integration strategy, the future state of risk management process would be drawn following lean principles with an eye on extension work for developing the lean risk management policies throughout the supply chain. This lean extension program is a key to catch hidden synergies in risk management process of the whole supply chain. Inbuilt KPIs and process metrics would be the proper provision for enabling the organization be in a state of continuous thrive for perfection.Applications of lean principles make a quick response enterprise with proper level of flexibility which results in an aware personnel attitude in a lean risk management working environment. Mixing the factor of improved internal efficiency with our risk management process, would help us have a better control over our associated risks. The result to this integration work would be a lean organization with continuously growing voracity to make improvements to the status of lean risk management process.

In the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the environmental protection of the marine environment was first addressed in a comprehensive manner on an international level. However, the Convention distinguishes between four different sorts of pollution depending on which source the pollution originates from. Still, one of these sources play a more crucial role in the protection of the marine environment than the other since that source is estimated to stand for 80 percent of all the marine pollution; namely marine pollution from land-based sources. As the throw-away culture has led to products being disposed of at a faster rate than ever before, in particular plastic products, the amount of land-based debris has also substantially increased over the last decades. This increased disposal rate of products in combination with poor waste treatment has consequently led to many kinds of wastes ending up in the ocean and causing severe harm, not only to the marine environment and its living species, but also to humans that eat the fish and use the many other ecosystem services of the Sea. In this thesis, some prominent international conventions on marine pollution from land-based sources are examined; namely the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, as well as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. To achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 14.1 to significantly reduce marine pollution from land-based sources by 2025, this thesis claims that international laws addressing this sort of pollution need to be implemented. Moreover, this thesis rests on the belief that regional implementation is a crucial component in making states align with international law. However, while regional implementation has been ambitious in the European Union Law, many regions still lack enforceable frameworks that aim to reduce and prevent marine pollution from land-based sources.