This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using asset securitisation as risk management technique in banks. This study examines the direct impacts of asset securitisation on the riskiness of banks’ loan portfolios as well as the indirect impacts on the subsequent financial stability. This study also tests the changes in banks’ equity capital and liquidity as a result of using asset securitisation in order to understand their potential contributions to the examined bank risk behaviour. Furthermore, this study tests the impacts of adopting the Basel capital requirements on banks’ exposure to asset securitisation and the related bank risk behaviour. The study is informed by stakeholder theory. The use of stakeholder theory in the current study helps in addressing the causal connections between banks’ risk management practices and the achievement of banks’ performance objectives. Using stakeholder theory also helps understand the role of external regulatory structures in supporting risk management practices in banks. The empirical study is conducted by using a sample of 44 bank holding companies selected from 13 European countries during the period 2004-2014. The choice of the sample banks is based on the availability of securitisation data as well as the condition that all European banks should have placed at least one securitisation transaction during the period of the study. Moreover, seven linear regression models were developed to examine the study relationships and were estimated by using Fixed Effects panel data analysis. The use of panel data analysis in this study aims to capture the dynamics of bank risk behaviour and other bank-specific conditions that are associated with asset securitisation during the period of the study. The results found in the empirical analysis confirm that incorporating the use of asset securitisation with higher capital requirements is more likely to reduce originators’ credit risk-taking that arise from their lending activities. The findings reported in this study, however, do not support the regulatory capital arbitrage hypothesis of the securitisation products. Furthermore, this study confirms that European securitising banks continued to view asset securitisation as cost-efficient funding source, despite the decreasing number of transactions since the crisis. The findings in this study also show that European securitising banks did not effectively operate their securitisation proceeds in profitable investments during the period of the study. Based on the results found in the current study, we can suggest that introducing more risk-sensitive capital requirements is a key factor in the future development of the asset securitisation markets. This study contributes to the existing literature by emphasising the direct connections between asset securitisation and the riskiness of banks’ loan portfolios. This study also is one of the first studies to test asset securitisation effects on the absolute level of bank capital in order to provide a better understanding of the regulatory capital arbitrage hypothesis. The current study further extends the existing literature to test the role of the Basel capital requirements in controlling the use of asset securitisation in banks, taking into account the former regulatory frameworks and the full implementation years of the Basel (II) framework. Unlike previous studies, the employment of stakeholder theory in the current study has helped in expanding the perception of risk management in banks, from purely controlling device to a broad approach that aims to support bank’s existence and prosperity. Furthermore, this study is one of the first studies that had a broader look at the European securitisation market, during the years before and after the crisis and compared the empirical results of both sub-samples to validate the robustness of the study findings in terms of the financial crisis.

Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to investigate the extent to which banks are using risk management practices in dealing with various risks and to compare risk management practices between Islamic and Conventional banks operating in Pakistan. Methodology: This is an empirical research study which has employed quantitative research methods. This study has used two sources of data, i.e. primary and secondary data. Secondary data is collected by using content analysis through annual reports of five Islamic and conventional banks for the six year time period from 2008 to 2013. The content analysis was performed by using frequency analysis and un-weighted index scoring. And primary data was collected through questionnaire from the senior managers, risk managers and CRO of Islamic and conventional banks. The sample size was consisting of 150 respondents from banks. The data was analysed by using descriptive statistics, regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U test. Findings: Islamic banks are found to be significantly different from their conventional counterparts in risk identification, risk management practices, liquidity risk analysis and risk governance. Moreover, risk identification, risk assessment and analysis, credit risk analysis and risk governance are most influencing and contributing variables in risk management practices of banks operating in Pakistan. Also, credit, liquidity, market and operational risk are found to be the most important risks faced by both conventional and Islamic banks. Practical Implication: Considering the importance of risk management practices in Islamic and conventional banks; Bankers, investors, regulators, and policymakers are likely to benefit from the results of the study as a guide, when developing and reforming the existing risk management practices. Originality: This study has extended the risk management practices model of banks by incorporating two more variables, i.e. liquidity risk analysis and risk governance into the model. Also, it is adding value methodologically, as data triangulation is used to draw a valid inference. So, this study will add value to literature and will be useful for Islamic banks, conventional banks, practitioners as well as for academic point of view.

In my thesis I have analyzed internal and external scoring model of financial organization. I have prepared comprehensive comparison and evaluation of both internal and external scoring systems. The aim of the thesis was creating a complete assessment of external scoring system with the simplified financial analysis and also with taking into the consideration appropriateness of this offer before approving purchase of external model.

The Master thesis deals with the Riskmanagement in Service Center Organizations and its implementation. The thesis show in detail how Service Center Organizations are working and where and how Risk management has to be implemented. The thesis analyzes the differences in organizing Risk management in the stage of implementation of the Service Center Organization and afterwards. The first part of the Master thesis is theoretical and is devoted to Risk management and the origin of Service Center Organizations. The autor stresses the differences of Service Center Organization, Centralization and Outsourcing. The second part of the thesis demonstrates the typical processes in Service Center Organizations and how Risk management is applied. In the third part the findings are presented as the differences in Risk managent during implementation and afterwards as well as additional findings are presented.

Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva och analysera riskhantering av projektrisker och finansiella risker i infrastrukturprojektet Varbergstunneln under planeringsfasen där två aktörer har studerats, Trafikverket och Varbergs kommunala verksamhet, och deras perspektiv på riskhantering och hur dessa aktörers perspektiv skiljer sig åt för att få förståelse för hur olika typer av risker och aktörer riskhanterar utifrån deras perspektiv i ett infrastrukturprojekt. Bakgrund och problem: Trafikverkets uppgift är att se till att tågen kommer i tid, transporter sker så säkert som möjligt och med minsta möjliga miljöpåverkan. Tillsammans med andra aktörer ska de se till att den bästa möjliga samhällsnyttan skapas för pengarna. Den 21 mars 2013 kom regeringens tillåtlighetsbeslut för delprojektet genom Varberg för att bygga ut järnvägen från enkelspårig till dubbelspårig. Detta är en av de största utmaningarna i Varbergs kommun där den kommunala och den statliga planeringen måste gå hand i hand. Det finns stora risker kopplat till infrastrukturprojekt men det finns också stor möjlighet till samhällsekonomisk lönsamhet. Att identifiera risker kräver ett generellt tillvägagångsätt eftersom att individer inte innehar all den informationen som krävs för att veta vart alla diverse risker befinner sig i verksamheten. Problemet med riskvärdering är att kunskapen om vilka som påverkar vid tunnelprojekt är knappa. Verksamheter behöver hantera risker och verksamheter som inte gör det är mer sårbara om de ignorerar risk, betraktar risk som deras fiende eller endast planerar för en enda framtid. Forskningsfråga: Hur utförs riskhantering av projektrisker och finansiella risker i infrastrukturprojektet Varbergstunneln under planeringsfasen? Metod: Den här uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie där vi som författare har använt en induktiv ansats. Empirin har samlats in från tre olika intervjuer kopplat till Varbergstunneln.  Resultat: Den största skillnaden mellan aktörerna är omfattningen av riskhanteringen och hur de metodiskt arbetar. Trafikverket genomför ett mycket större riskhanteringsarbete än Varbergs kommunala verksamhet. Riskidentifieringen är mer likartat mellan aktörerna, skillnaden är hur de metodiskt arbetar. Riskvärderingen är kvalitativ hos Trafikverket och kvantitativt hos Varbergs kommunala verksamhet. Hantering av risk genomförs inte på något metodiskt sätt hos Varbergs kommunala verksamhet, det enda som hanteras är ränterisker medan Trafikverket hanterar alla risker och genomför detta på ett metodiskt sätt. Slutsats: Riskhanteringen utförs på olika sätt beroende på vilket perspektiv aktören har och vilken typ av risk som riskhanteras. Riskhanteringen kan vara antingen metodisk eller icke-metodisk. Vår uppfattning är att detta beror på aktörens ansvar och hur komplicerat riskhanteringen är för aktören. Vilket perspektiv aktören har anser vi påverka om aktören är långsiktig eller kortsiktig. Trafikverket ska endast bli klar med projekteringen av tunneln medan Varbergs kommunala verksamhet ska leva med den i generationer framöver. / Purpose: The purpose is to describe and analyze the risk management of project risks and financial risks in the infrastructure project Varberg tunnel during the planning phase, in which two players have been studied, the Swedish Transport Administration and the Varberg municipal operations, and their perspective on risk management and how these actors' perspectives differ in order to get an understanding of how different types of risks and stakeholder risk manage from their perspective in an infrastructure project. Background and problem: The Swedish Transport Administration task is to ensure that trains arrive on time, transport is done as safely as possible and with the least possible environmental impact. Together with other stakeholders they will ensure that the best possible social utility is created for the money. On 21 March 2013, the government's admissibility decision of subprojects through Varberg to extend the railway from single track to double track. This is one of the biggest challenges in Varberg municipality, where the municipal and state planning must go hand in hand. There are considerable risks associated with infrastructure projects but there are also great opportunities for socio-economic profitability. To identify risks requires a general approach because the individuals do not possess all the information necessary to know where all the various risks are within the activity. The problem with risk assessment is that the knowledge of the risks affecting the tunnel project are scarce and therefore entails difficulty in valuing them. Businesses need to manage risks, and businesses that ignore the risk, consider the risk as their enemy or plan for just one future are more vulnerable. Research issue: How is risk management of project risks and financial risks in the infrastructure project Varberg tunnel during the planning phase? Methodology: This thesis is a qualitative study that uses an inductive approach. The empirical data is collected from three different interviews linked to the Varberg tunnel. Result: The main difference between the stakeholders is the scope of risk management. The Swedish Transport Administration is implementing a much larger risk management than the municipality of Varberg. Risk identification is more similar between the stakeholders, the difference is how they methodically work. Risk assessment is qualitative at the Swedish Transport Administration and quantitative at Varberg municipality. Management of risk is carried out not in any methodical way at Varberg municipality, the only manage interest rate risks while the Transport Administration manages all risks and implement this in a methodical way. Conclusions: Risk management is carried out in different ways depending on the perspective of the stakeholder and the type of risk that is risk managed. Risk management can be either methodological or non-methodical. Our view is that this is due to the stakeholder’s responsibility and the complexity of risk management for the stakeholder. Which perspective stakeholders have, we believe, affect if the stakeholder have a long term or short term perspective. The Swedish Transport Administration will only be done with projecting of the tunnel while the municipality of Varberg has to live with it in generations to come.

Due to the complex nature of construction projects, delay risks are more widespread in the construction sector than elsewhere. This poses a problem for the industry, since it is already at risk because of the recent global economic recession. Indeed, the financial crisis in late 2008 arrested economic development in the construction sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), with the result that investors’ confidence in the sector is severely depressed. In this situation, effective risk response is urgently required, since it aims to ensure that all project objectives, including avoiding delays, are met. In itself, the risk response process is a core element of risk management and perhaps the most important area needs to be improved. The aim of the research work that underpins this thesis was to develop a model for effective risk response to help in controlling delay risks. First, the strengths and weaknesses of current risk response processes have been analysed through a comprehensive critical literature review. Common causes of delay risks have been identified and various traditional measures used for their control have been critically reviewed. The greatest deficiencies in all published measures of delay risks control in construction projects are related to the lack of risk response development and appropriate measures (preventative/mitigating), within the risk management process. From the literature review it was also possible to identify the most appropriate methodology to adopt for the current research. A robust research methodology was then outlined which involved a questionnaire survey, case studies and interviews to confirm the literature review results and to achieve the research objectives. The questionnaire was piloted with nine construction professionals in the UAE for its suitability with the envisaged sample. After the pilot the questionnaire was refined then administered in 35 construction, consultancy, and contracting companies, attracting 102 usable responses. The results of the questionnaire confirmed the literature review results. Accordingly, six case studies from three companies were identified and supplemented by face-to-face interview, documents and direct observations. This strategy allowed the research evidence to be triangulated and thus the researcher to be more confident in testing a particular concept or theory. From the results it emerged that most organisations have immature project management systems and poor risk response processes. Hence, 22 Key Success Factors (KSFs) of preventative measures and 15 KSFs of mitigation measures were identified to achieve risk response development by maturity levels in the pre-construction stage and in the construction stage, respectively. The analysis of the case studies revealed the great potential for employing five KSFs of mitigation measures in the risk response development to control delay risks. Having considered these outcomes a risk response development model to control delay risks has been outlined. The model has been carefully validated, both theoretically and in practical terms, through the discussions with interviewees from the selected case studies. The interviewees agreed on the practicality of the model to identify the risk response development, however it is recommended that the project risk event severity and the company capability would need to be taken into account, and the demand to format the test stage for the maturity levels at the transition stages (Disciplinary, Consistency, Integration, and Optimisation) to achieve the effectiveness and the transparency of the model. Based on the validation, it is anticipated that by developing the risk response model, the process itself will be more objective, particularly in delay risks control. The study brings forward findings that can be promoted as the means to enhance opportunities to control delay risks, and benefit practitioners in the UAE given that so far, there has been no model of risk response development by maturity levels for delay risks control. Moreover, one of the unique features of the study is the creation of new knowledge by focusing on the UAE. At the same time, the use of maturity modeling to handle construction delay risks provides new knowledge for a wider audience.

This thesis expands on the literature in the under-researched field of airline risk management by exploring organisational structures and practices of airline risk management systems and their technical and institutional drivers. In particular, it focuses on the phenomenon of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and its alignment to the requirements of airline business contexts. The theoretical framework informing this study combines structural contingency theory with two strands of institutional theory, namely old institutional economics and new institutional sociology. In this thesis, the phenomenon of risk management is investigated in situ as an organisational practice through a two-stage empirical study. Firstly, an exploratory field study was undertaken in a panel of ten international airlines. Secondly, the field study was complemented with findings from two explanatory case studies. This study explains how in developing risk management systems airlines balance the sometimes conflicting technical and institutional demands of their respective task and institutional environments. The adoption and implementation of ERM in airlines are found to be driven primarily by coercive and normative pressures, and expectations of improved organisational effectiveness and efficiency. This study additionally improves general understanding of the nature of ERM and its coupling and fluidity in the organisational settings of airlines. It lends evidence for systematic variations in roles, uses, and organisational design choices of ERM systems. It shows the interdependent nature of airlines’ ERM systems and other management systems. The study also demonstrates that the adoption of ERM in airlines drives development of new institutions, rules, and routines for comprehensive management of risks. Consistent with the tenets of contingency theory, this study conveys lack of a universally appropriate design of an airline ERM system. The main contribution of this thesis is to assess airline risk management systems, identify core drivers of effective risk management practice, and provide a framework with the aim of guiding airlines in the development of enterprise-wide risk management approaches aligned with the requirements of their institutional and technical contexts. Furthermore, this research overcomes the limitations of previous, mostly quantitative studies of ERM coupling and dynamics in organisations, as it explores and explains the structures, practices, and rationales of airline risk management systems within wider organisational contexts through the use of qualitative methodologies.

This diploma thesis consists of two parts. The first part deals with theory and practice of credit risk management in non-financial enterprises in the Czech Repulic. The other part focuses on collection agencies - it defines their services, describes legislation that regulates their business, state their advantages and disadvantages in comparison to other ways of collecting debts and provides an analysis of the debt collection agencies market in the Czech Republic based on a questionnaire survey.

As the theme of my Master's Thesis I choose the topic of health and safety risk analysis. The reason is that in every company are risks that threated the safety and health of workers. The aim of Master's Thesis is to analyze the risks OSH management system in selected company. The Master's Thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical an practical one. In the theoretical part I at first briefly outline the issuer of safety and health at work and then I proceed to a summary and characteristics of the most important current legal of the Czech Republic in the field of occupational safety and health at work. Another important part of the theoretical part is devoted to the management of occupational health and safety risks and methods designed to identify and assess risks. The practical part will be devoted to identifying and assessing risks and then determine measures to ensure the safety and health of works at Valeo Výměníky tepla k.s..

The search to find new ways of improving performance in the construction industry led to the introduction of collaborative working and, after fifteen years the question is has this approach delivered the expected improvements. The management of collaborative relationships is often underpinned by trust as a governance mechanism. However, owing to the practical problems of operating in the public sector combined, with the natural disposition of human behavior, the risk of opportunism and exploitation remains, requiring additional governance mechanisms to be put in place. However these mechanisms can only be realised if there is a position of strong buyer power. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to consider what impact buyer / supplier power has on collaboration and the consequent benefits delivered. Research has been carried out on a case study involving four projects from the Birmingham Construction Partnership using interviews and a questionnaire. It was found that levels of collaboration were not affected by marginal differences in power, but rather by agency factors and trust. However, the conclusion drawn is that the buyer must retain a strong position of power in order to ensure the buyer obtains a good apportionment of value generated by collaboration.