A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dentistry in the branch of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery Johannesburg, 2014 / INTRODUCTION: The anterior loop (AL) of the mental nerve is an anatomical structure that should be considered when placing dental implants in the region of the mental foramen. This study aimed to evaluate the presence and dimensions of the AL using anatomical dissection of cadaver specimens. METHODS: 20 cadaver specimens were dissected bilaterally yielding 40 sides. The position of the mental foramen was recorded in relation to the lower border of the mandible as well as the adjacent teeth. Additionally, the mental foramen was probed before accessing the AL in order to determine the relationship between probing and actual AL length. The AL of the mental nerve was identified through anatomical dissection and measured. RESULTS: The mental foramen was most commonly located between the 1st and 2nd premolars (45%) followed by the apex of the 2nd premolar (42.5%). The mental foramen ranged from 10,16mm to 16,47mm from the lower border of the mandible (Mean 13,15mm; SD 1,61mm). An AL was found in 22 sides (55%) with a range of 0,52mm to 4,29mm (Mean 1,18mm; SD 1,35mm). Probing versus actual AL length revealed a weak negative correlation between AL length and probe depth. CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that clinically significant AL lengths can be present and implant planning must therefore account for these AL.

Thesis for Master of Science in Medicine at the School of Anatomical Sciences 5/11/2015 / In forensic anthropology, the estimation of sex is important for eliminating half of the possible identities the skeletal remains may have, as a result, sexing standards were set from fully dentate mandibles. Edentulous mandibles were excluded from studies that set these standards. Thus, this study intended to determine the effect of tooth loss on accurately estimating sex from the mandibular morphology of black South Africans. The mandibles sampled included 79 (31 males and 48 females) full dentition and 117 (57 males and 60 females) variable degrees of tooth loss mandibles from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Outlines of the non-alveolar regions of the mandibles were digitised. The alveolar regions were rated according to the level of resorption that had occurred. A two block partial least square was performed to determine the effect of tooth loss on the mandibular morphology and a two sample permutation test was conducted to determine the sexing accuracies from all sampled mandibles. Tooth loss had a significant effect on the mandibular morphology. The overall accuracies determined were 85.5% from mandibles with tooth loss and 63.3% from full dentition mandibles. The overall mandible morphology is sexually dimorphic irrespective of the presence of tooth loss. The main factor that may affect the outcome was the mandibular mechanics in males and females. The results suggest that mandibles with high levels of tooth loss could be used in studies of identification. Further studies may want to set sexing standards from both dentate and edentate mandibles.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1985.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1985.

Abstract Neurosensory disturbance is a common complication of bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). This study focuses on the evaluation of factors affecting neurosensory disturbance after BSSO. Furthermore, the study focuses on the measurement of neurosensory disturbance with easily available bedside tests, not only on evaluating the state of sensory disturbance at each follow-up, but also on predicting the potential for recovery. Moreover, panoramic radiography, computerized tomography (CT) and conventional spiral tomography are assessed on locating the mandibular canal. The study was carried out involving a total of 50 patients undergoing BSSO for the correction of mandibular deficiency. In addition, 20 voluntary healthy students participated in this study. Questionnaires, a battery of neurosensory tests and preoperative imaging of the mandibular canal were used. A high incidence of neurosensory disturbance of the lower lip and chin was found after BSSO. However, recovery of sensation occurred with increasing frequency during the follow-up, and after one year sensation of the lower lip and chin returned to the presurgical situation in most patients. A prolonged neurosensory disturbance was more frequent in older patients, in large surgical movements of the mandible and in cases where the inferior alveolar nerve was manipulated during surgery. The bedside tests used in this study correlated well with the patients' subjective evaluation of neurosensory disturbance, and the repeatability of these tests was good. Furthermore, the sensibility testing of the mandibular teeth correlated well with the other tests and patient's subjective evaluation. Four days after surgery, sensibility testing of the mandibular teeth was an efficient test alone to predict the recovery from neurosensory disturbance. On radiographic imaging, the risk for neurosensory disturbance after BSSO could not be predicted from the panoramic radiograph. Before BSSO, CT was the best method to visualize the buccolingual location of the mandibular canal. After BSSO, a clinical follow-up using a battery of mechano- and nociceptive tests in the examination of sensation of the lower lip and chin, sensibility testing of the teeth, and subjective evaluation is needed. CT should be a part of treatment planning of the patients with thin rami or severe asymmetries of the mandible.

Orientador: Luis Augusto Passeri / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T18:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monnazzi_MarceloSilva_D.pdf: 3889345 bytes, checksum: 4f713f56ce2d23bf07d5818590d3c230 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: As cirurgias ortognáticas são cada vez mais empregadas para a correção das deformidades dento-esqueléticas, seja devido ao avanço das técnicas e segurança dos resultados ou ainda devido à difusão deste tipo de procedimento. Trinta pacientes, submetidos à osteotomia sagital bilateral dos ramos, para correção de deformidade dento-esquelética mandibular, foram avaliados em relação a sensibilidade cutânea nas regiões do mento e do lábio inferior. Para isto, foi utilizado o teste objetivo do tipo Semmes-Weistein, nos tempos pré-operatório e pós-operatórios de 1 semana, 1 mês, 2 meses e 6 meses. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar, prospectivamente, a incidência de perda de sensibilidade cutânea, após este tipo de osteotomia, e o comportamento em relação ao retorno desta sensibilidade, em áreas do mento e lábio inferior previamente definidas, em função do tempo. A idade média dos pacientes incluídos no estudo foi de 29,3 anos. Todos apresentaram perda de sensibilidade no momento da avaliação aos 7 dias de pós-operatório. A comparação entre os lados, gênero e idade não revelou nenhuma diferença significante. Na maioria das áreas avaliadas, os dados coletados no tempo pós-operatório de 6 meses foram semelhantes aos do pré-operatório. Todas as áreas apresentaram recuperação significante da sensibilidade, a partir do tempo pós-operatório de 30 dias. Vinte pacientes apresentaram recuperação total no período final (180 dias de pós-operatório) em todas as áreas. A osteotomia sagital bilateral dos ramos mandibulares apresenta a desvantagem de causar parestesia temporária, porem a recuperação da função do nervo alveolar inferior acontece. O teste de Semmes-Weinstein e uma ferramenta segura, de baixo custo e de fácil de utilização. Devido a sua praticidade, pode ser aplicada na clinica diária, tanto ambulatorial quanto hospitalar / Abstract: The orthognathic surgery nowadays is more often used for the correction of the dentofacial deformities thanks to its reliability and safety or only to its technique diffusion between the surgeons. Thirty patients submitted to sagittal split ramus osteotomy for correction of dentofacial deformities had been submitted to the evaluation of cutaneous sensitivity in the chin and inferior lip areas, by means of Semmes-Weistein type objective test, in the predefined times of pre-surgical, and postoperative of 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months. The aim of this prospective study was to objectively evaluate the inferior alveolar nerve sensory disturbances after this mandibular osteotomy and its spontaneous recovery, to define the incidence of sensibility loss and in which time and area the recovery occurs. The mean age of the patients included in this study was 29.3 years old. All patients showed sensibility loss at the 7-day evaluation time. The comparison between sides, gender and age did not reveal any significant difference. In most of the examined zone, the data collected at 6 months was statistically similar to the data collected at the pre-operatory period. All zones presented significant recovery, starting from 30 days after surgery. Twenty patients had total spontaneous recovery at the final period, in all examined zones. The sagittal split ramus osteotomy presents the disadvantage of the temporary paraesthesia, however the spontaneous nerve function recovery do occur. The Semmes-Weinstein test is a reliable, inexpensive and easy to apply tool, which can be used for clinical evaluation at daily basis in offices and hospitals / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutor em Ciências da Cirurgia

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / Even though the mandibular nerve is of great importance to the dentist, very little research on the course of the nerve and the relationship of the mandibular canal to the adjacent anatomical structures has been carried out. From the. literature, it appears that the lateral ramus prominence (L.R.P.),or antilingula, is found to be present in from 50% to 100% of cases and is situated anterior and superior to the mandibular foramen. Most authors are in agreement on the situation of the mandibular foramen. Only one mandibular foramen is described in each ramus. The mandibular canal is described as lying inferior to the teeth. There is no agreement on the possibility of the existence of a second mandibular canal per hemimandible. Concerning the mental foramen, it is accepted that one is found on each side, but a second foramen,as well as accessory foramina, namely, the major and the minor variety, are described. In the horizontal plane, the mental foramen is found at the apex of the second premolar tooth or between the premolar teeth. In the vertical plane, the mental foramen is situated from inferior to the apex of the premolar teeth to halfway between the apex and the crown of the premolar teeth. The mylohyoid groove is converted into a canal in 16% of cases but never commences from within the mandibular canal, according to available literature.

No description available.

La mandibule est constituée d'unités distinctes intégrées autour d'un tuteur, le nerf alvéolaire inférieur dont l'artefact osseux est le canal mandibulaire. Une étude de la variabilité, de l'évolution et du développement de la mandibule chez les hominidés est donc menée selon une méthodologie distinguant les unités mandibulaires tout en les articulant autour du canal mandibulaire.L'étude porte sur 453 mandibules, représentant les genres actuels Homo, Pan, et Gorilla ainsi que certaines espèces fossiles de la lignée humaine. Les mesures sont effectuées numériquement sur des photographies sagittales standardisées de mandibules. Le protocole a été validé statistiquement. La variabilité globale chez les hominidés, le développement puis la variabilité interspécifique sont analysés.La méthodologie employée procure un gain d'acuité sur le développement mandibulaire et en permet la modélisation. La mandibule subit non pas une évolution globale, mais en mosaïque. Notre méthode permet de distinguer une mandibule antérieure et une mandibule postérieure reliées par l'axe neural. Notre travail confirme le rôle primordial de l'axe neural dans la variabilité mandibulaire. Ses implications phylogénétiques, adaptationnelles et développementales sont envisagées / The mandible is composed of distinct units integrated into a single bone around the director axis of the mandibular nerve which osseous artefact is the mandibular canal.Our study of the evolution and development of the mandible in hominids use a method that permits the study of the individual developments in these sub-units, with the mandibular canal as reference system. 453 mandibles of the genera Homo, Pan, Gorilla and some fossil hominid species are studied. Our protocol is based on standardized digital photographs. Its validity is statistically verified. Global variability in hominids, development and interspecific variability are analyzed.Our methodology provides improved perspicacity concerning the phenomena at work during the mandibular development and allows it to be modeled. The evolution of the mandible is not global but follows a ?mosaic? pattern. We differentiate an anterior mandible and a posterior mandible linked by the neural axis.Our work confirms the primordial, central and leading role of the mandibular nerve in mandibular development. The phylogenetic, adaptational, developmental and therapeutic implications are discussed