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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Alocação de estudantes aos centros de pós-graduação em economia no Brasil: um experimento natural em organização de mercado / On the allocation of students to postgraduate programs in economics in Brazil: a natural experiment in market organization

Felipe Palmeira Bardella 29 November 2005 (has links)
Apresentamos a teoria sobre mercados de dois lados, centralizados e descentralizados, para analisar o mercado de admissão de estudantes aos Centros de Pós-graduação em Economia no Brasil ao longo dos últimos 15 anos. Iniciamos descrevendo a história da organização deste mercado até a época atual. As falhas do sistema descentralizado e as hipóteses sobre o insucesso do procedimento centralizado de 1997 são discutidas. Observações empíricas são utilizadas para propor um modelo teórico que represente aproximadamente o atual mecanismo descentralizado e explique a aparente duradoura aplicação desse mecanismo. Por fim, tecemos considerações a respeito das possibilidades de aprimoramento deste mercado com modificações do mecanismo existente. / We present the theory of two-sided matching markets, with centralized and decentralized mechanisms, in order to analyze a Brazilian market in which graduated students seek positions in postgraduate programs in economics. We first describe the institutional history of this market. The failures of the decentralized procedure and the hypothesis about the failure of the 1997 centralized mechanism are discussed. Empirical observations are used to propose a theoretical model that represents the actual decentralized matching procedure of the market. Based in this model we explain the apparent long-lasting use of this decentralized mechanism. Finally, we make considerations about the possibilities of developments in this market by modifying the mechanism used today.
12

Execution adaptative de trajectoire 5 axes sur structures poly-articulées / Adaptative execution of 5 axis tool path on polyarticulated structure

Grandguillaume, Laureen 07 December 2017 (has links)
L’usinage 5 axes à grande vitesse est de plus en plus utilisé dans l’industrie pour réaliser des pièces de géométrie complexe à forte valeur ajoutée avec pour contrainte de respecter la qualité géométrique tout en maximisant la productivité. Dans ce contexte, la FAO et plus particulièrement la génération des trajectoires d’usinage jouent un rôle prépondérant. Ces travaux proposent de définir des trajectoires en fonction de la pièce à réaliser mais aussi de la structure poly articulée et de ses performances cinématiques. La grande diversité des structures en termes d’architecture et de cinématique impose une méthode de calcul générique facilitant la définition de trajectoires adaptées pour leur suivi. L’état de l’art des travaux réalisé dans les domaines de l’usinage et de la robotique pour répondre à cette problématique conduit à utiliser des polytopes de manipulabilité cinématique pour modéliser les contraintes cinématiques. L’analyse de ces polytopes et de la géométrie de la pièce à usiner permet de générer des trajectoires avec une vitesse outil/pièce maîtrisée et un temps de parcours réduit dans le cas de l’usinage 5 axes positionné et de l’usinage 5 axes continu. Ce formalisme met en avant les fortes dépendances entre les différents paramètres de la stratégie d’usinage (positionnement de la pièce, direction d’avance et orientation de l’outil) et permet de privilégier certaines combinaisons de ces paramètres pour maîtriser la vitesse d’exécution de la trajectoire. / 5 axes high speed milling is increasingly used for manufacturing high addedvalue parts with complex forms in order to respect surface quality while maximizing productivity. In this context, CAM and more specifically toolpath computations play a major part. This work proposes to define toolpath depending on the workpiece but also onkinematical capacities of the polyarticulated structure.The large variety of structure in terms of architecture and kinematic enforce a generic calculation method to simplify adaptative toolpath generation. A state of the art realized in machining and robotics proposes to investigate the use of kinematical manipulability polytopes to represent kinematical capacities. An analysis of the polytopes and of the workpiece allows to generate toolpaths with a controlled feedrate and a decreasing time in 5 axes positionned milling and in 5 axes continous milling. This formalism highlights strong interactions between milling strategy parameters (workpiece setup, feed direction, tool orientation) and allows to prioritize specific parameters mix to have a controlled execution feedrate.

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