Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:59:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2940644 bytes, checksum: 1b1c6c2e9969d935855932e2f2a1e436 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents a development and implementation of control adaptive techniques for a planar manipulator robot with two degrees of freedom, formed a rotational and a prismatic link. The rotational link is made up of a branch long U-shaped aluminum activated by a motor-reducer DC, its angular position is sensed by a ten turn potentiometer. The prismatic link is a double-acting pneumatic cylinder with a single rod fixed inside the branch U-shaped being triggered by an electropneumatic proportional valve, where linear position is given by a potentiometric ruler. Using the recursive least squares (RLS) estimator is obtained the mathematic model that represents each robot link so as uncoupled, then is designed and implemented an adaptive controller Proportional Derivative (PD-control) by pole placement to obtain the positions of the robot manipulator links. The experimental results are presented, as well as evaluation of the system response under the action of controllers implemented / Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e implementação de técnicas de controle adaptativo para um robô manipulador de dois graus de liberdade planar formado por um elo rotacional e outro prismático. O elo rotacional é composto por um ramo extenso em formato de U em alumínio acionado por um moto-redutor de corrente contínua, cujo sensoriamento da sua posição angular é realizado por um potenciômetro de dez voltas. O elo prismático é um cilindro pneumático de dupla ação com haste simples fixada na parte interna do ramo em U sendo acionado por uma válvula eletropneumática proporcional, onde sua posição linear é dada através de uma régua potenciométrica. Através do estimador dos mínimos quadrados recursivos (MQR) é obtido o modelo matemático representativo para cada elo do robô de forma desacoplada e em seguida é projetado e implementado um controlador adaptativo proporcional derivativo (PD) via alocação de polos para obter o controle de posição dos elos do robô manipulador. Os resultados experimentais são apresentados, assim como a avaliação da resposta do sistema sob a ação dos controladores implementados

La problématique traitée dans cette thèse concerne la commande de robots manipulateurs industriels légèrement flexibles utilisés pour la robotisation de procédés d'usinage et de soudage FSW. Le premier objectif est la modélisation des robots et des procédés. Les modèles développés concernant la cinématique et la dynamique de robots 6 axes à architecture série et à flexibilité localisées aux articulations. Les paramètres du modèle dynamique et les raideurs sont identifiés avec la méthode à erreur de sortie qui donne une bonne précision d'estimation. La norme relative du résidu du modèle après identification est de 3,2%. Le deuxième objectif est l'amélioration des performances de la robotisation des procédés. Un simulateur a été développé qui intègre le modèle dynamique du robot flexible, les modèles de procédés et le modèle du contrôleur de robot y compris les lois de commande en temps réel des axes et le générateur de trajectoires. Un observateur non-linéaire à grands gains est proposé pour estimer l'état complet du robot flexible ainsi que les efforts d'interaction. Ensuite, un compensateur basé sur l'observateur est proposé pour corriger les erreurs de positionnement en temps réel. La validation expérimentale sur un robot industriel Kuka, montre une très bonne estimation de l'état complet par l'observateur. Un soudage FSW précis grâce à la compensation en temps réel de la flexibilité du manipulateur a pu être effectué avec succès. / The problem addressed in this thesis concerns the control of industrial robot manipulators which are slightly flexible and used for machining and FSW processes. The first objective is to model the robots and processes. The developed models concern the kinematics and dynamics models of 6-axis robots with serial architecture and flexibility localized at joints. The dynamic model parameters and a part of the joint stiffnesses are identified with the approach of output error which gives a satisfy estimation accuracy. According to identification, the RMS residue of the model is 3.2%. The second objective is to improve the robotization performance of manufacturing processes. A simulator was developed that contains the dynamic model of the flexible robot, the process models and the model of the robot controller including control laws in real time of axes and the trajectory generator. A nonlinear high-gains observer is proposed to estimate the complete states of robot system as well as the operation wrenches. Then the observer-based compensator is proposed to correct the positioning errors in real time. The experimental validation of industrial robots shows a satisfactory estimating performance of the observer. A precise FSW welding owing to the real-time compensation for the flexibility of manipulator has been done successfully.

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