This project explored the feasibility of performing swine influenza surveillance in Manitoba using provincial veterinary diagnostic laboratory data and a farm premises identification registry. Diagnoses of swine influenza using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were obtained from the veterinary laboratory database and linked with registry data on farm location and characteristics. Statistical and space-time analyses, including the Cuzick and Edwards test, Kulldorff Spatiotemporal scan, the Knox test and the modified CuSum method, were used to determine the time and spatial patterns of swine influenza in Manitoba. Analysis showed that swine influenza was endemic but also seasonal and that the frequency of diagnosis was increasing in time. Swine influenza was clustered in several regions across the province, including the southeast, and was clustered in time, particularly during the later time periods of the study. This study demonstrated that the farm premises identification registry is a crucial component of disease surveillance in animals.

With ecological crises remaining at the forefront of public concern it is now more important than ever to develop connections between human beings and the natural world. Consequently, environmental education programs have included values in their objectives in an effort to stimulate appreciation for and dedication to maintaining the health of the planet. / This case study examines the values and values education approaches implicit in the Fort Whyte Centre for Environmental Education in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Based on the theoretical framework of both values education and environmental education, analysis revealed that embedded in the program are the values of respect, appreciation and care-taking. Furthermore, it indicates that early childhood experiences in nature are integral in sustained dedication to the environment. Finally, it was apparent that ingrained in the strategies employed by the facility are elements of values education models. / Outlining values in program objectives ensures that these beliefs are a central focus of the lessons. Concurrently, teacher training programs must directly teach values education approaches with reference to environmental education. Ecological dilemmas are moral-ethical issues and must be dealt with as such. By neglecting to adequately prepare instructors to deal with these issues programs cannot achieve their objectives. Environmental value systems cannot be developed unless programs are specifically designed to achieve this goal.

Perinatal infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality for both pregnant women and their infants, including while in utero. Prenatal screening for potential infectious diseases can effectively prevent MTCT infections. It allows both timely and suitable medical interventions when required. In Manitoba, prenatal screening for Rubella, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) is recommended for all pregnant women and in each pregnancy. The research described in this thesis assesses the current adherence to the Manitoba prenatal screening guidelines. Data consisted of prenatal screening tests conducted at Cadham Provincial Lab (CPL) for the time period of 2006 to 2011. Approximately one fifth of pregnant women did not receive any form of recommended prenatal testings’. Adherence to prenatal screening guidelines varied by type of infection, age of women and area of residence. Overall, Rubella, HBV and syphilis prenatal screening were requested more frequently than HIV, CT and GC. From year to year, a significant improvement of HIV prenatal screening uptake was observed. Rubella, HBV and syphilis screening declined while GC and CT screening remained stable. Among screened women, HIV testing was requested significantly less frequently in the youngest <15 and oldest >45 age groups versus other age groups. Women >45 years old also received less GC and CT screening. A year- II to-year increase in HIV and GC screening was observed in pregnant women aged 15-25, 26-35, and 36-45 years old. Although HIV screening uptake increased over time among residents of Brandon and rural areas, the overall HIV screening test was still higher among residents of Winnipeg versus other areas. Similarly, residents of Brandon and rural areas were tested less frequently for CT infection. A significant improvement in GC screening among residents of Winnipeg and rural areas was observed. The results described in this thesis demonstrates inconsistent adherence to provincial guidelines – creates higher risk areas and population subsets for congenital infections.. The results also demonstrate the importance of promoting testing of this type among pregnant women. Improvement and enhancement of current practice is required to reach standard, satisfactory and appropriate adherence to screening guidelines. Ongoing periodic assessments are suggested to continually document and monitor uptake and adherence to recommended prenatal screening in Manitoba.

Objectives: To analyze data collected in the 2009 Manitoba School Nutrition Survey to describe the school food environment, and to assess whether Manitoba schools have developed and implemented food and nutrition policies. Methods: A quantitative survey sent to all publicly funded schools in Manitoba (n=688). Questions covered food service facilities (cafeterias, canteen/tuck shops, and vending machines), lunch at school, fundraising, food-related school events, school food programs, and policy development. Results: Response rate from schools was 78%. Results indicate that 56% of schools have a policy in place at the division level and a further 29% have policies at the school level. 65% of Manitoba schools have nutrition and/or health committees in place. 44% of schools stated they have funded school food programs. The top three food items sold for fundraising were Mom’s pantry items (41%), chocolate bars (27%), and frozen pizza (24%). Conclusions: Results of the 2009 Manitoba School Nutrition Survey show that food remains as an essential part of school life. The high response rate suggests that great importance is being placed on child nutritional health in schools. The survey shows that there have been changes in the school food environments compared to the baseline data from the 2006 survey, especially in the area of policy development and the placement of a health committee. School food programs continue to be an important element in schools. Implications: This study shows that the Manitoba approach to school nutrition policy appears to have been effective in producing changes in Manitoba schools and provides directions for future efforts to implement policies.

ABSTRACT FROM BARNYARDS TO BEDSIDES TO BOOKS AND BEYOND: THE EVOLUTION AND PROFESSIONALIZATION OF REGISTERED PSYCHIATRIC NURSING IN MANITOBA, 1955-1980 In the 1950s, psychiatric nursing in Canada was developing into two models. East of Manitoba, psychiatric nursing was a part of general nursing. To the west of Manitoba, it was evolving into a distinct profession. Manitoba, during the 1950s, did not fit either the eastern or western model. But in 1960, it achieved the same distinct professional status, through legislation, as its neighbours to the west. This study is an examination of the factors that swayed Manitoba to adopt the western psychiatric nursing model and achieve the legislation which governed its first twenty years. The factors are: male collegiality with the leaders of the other three western psychiatric nurses associations, the support of the western based Canadian Council of Psychiatric Nurses, the encouragement of medical superintendents of the provincial mental hospitals in the formation of an alternative workforce, and the lack of interest by general nurses in working in the provincial mental institutions. The legislation achieved in 1960 gave some authority to the Psychiatric Nurses Association of Manitoba to govern its own affairs, but it was not entirely effective in bestowing full professional status on psychiatric nurses. This was especially true of the control over education which was placed in the hands of a committee, dominated by medical superintendents. This study also examines the evolution of the profession during its first twenty years as it worked to gain control over education, develop a professional ideology, and establish a place for itself in the Manitoba mental health system. This study concludes in 1980 with the passage of full professional legislation. A genealogical analysis was used to examine data which came from archives, oral interviews, and secondary sources. The findings suggest that registered psychiatric nursing in Manitoba is a contingent and political construction, but that it can continue to evolve and grow in unique ways through an ongoing examination of its roots, icons, practices, and philosophy.

This project explored the feasibility of performing swine influenza surveillance in Manitoba using provincial veterinary diagnostic laboratory data and a farm premises identification registry. Diagnoses of swine influenza using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were obtained from the veterinary laboratory database and linked with registry data on farm location and characteristics. Statistical and space-time analyses, including the Cuzick and Edwards test, Kulldorff Spatiotemporal scan, the Knox test and the modified CuSum method, were used to determine the time and spatial patterns of swine influenza in Manitoba. Analysis showed that swine influenza was endemic but also seasonal and that the frequency of diagnosis was increasing in time. Swine influenza was clustered in several regions across the province, including the southeast, and was clustered in time, particularly during the later time periods of the study. This study demonstrated that the farm premises identification registry is a crucial component of disease surveillance in animals.

The purpose of this research is to understand and measure the integration experiences of Korean immigrants in Manitoba in terms of their social, political, education and employment domains. The primary theory used in this research is social capital. Theories of acculturation, ethnic economy, power and stratification are also used to situate my research. Data was collected using mixed methods comprising a survey of 260 Korean Canadians living in Winnipeg and qualitative interviews with 12 respondents. The analysis shows, among other things, high levels of racism felt by Korean immigrants in Winnipeg. While this perception and daily encounter of discrimination in the community would impede Korean immigrants’ integration into Canada, there also is a strong will to succeed in the community through accessing existing social capital and a willingness to invest in social capital. The contributions made in the development and operationalization of social capital in terms of willingness to invest and social capital mindset are documented. Several program ideas are offered for policy-makers and future research areas have been identified. The development of a political engagement index provides justification for observations made by the social capital theory and immigrant integration literature.

Forest ecosystems undergo both natural and human induced disturbances. Depending on disturbance type, soil physical and chemical parameters show different response patterns during the recovery phase. An added level of complication is the ecological site types occurring throughout a forested area. The identification of indicators of soil fertility and the successful emulation of a natural disturbance regime were the scope of this research. / The research presented herein took place in the Manitoba Model Forest (MBMF), located in eastern Manitoba, where the natural disturbance regime is wildfire. Timber harvest strategies used in the area are designed to emulate a wildfire (5% retention of standing timber and extensive slash inputs) and clearcut harvesting. The objective of this study was to document changes in forest floor and soil properties prior to and following harvesting, and to compare these properties to those found in a small wildfire that burned in the MBMF in late summer 1998, which serves as a benchmark to the harvest. In the two study areas, both thin mineral soil (5--20 cm) and moderately deep mineral soil (20--100 cm) ecosite types were monitored at four dates over a two year period for soil physical and nutritional response patterns.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1925. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

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