At the request of the Department of Industrial Arts, North Texas State College, Denton, Texas, this record of the beginning and of the changes made in the department has been compiled. Not only the changes that were made in late years, but the propaganda, the speeches, and the laws which brought about this department will be reviewed.

The force exerted during manual tasks is a dominant risk factor for upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders. To identify tasks that may lead to fatigue over a shift, or increase the risk of injury, the demands placed on the hand and forearm system must be quantified and predicted. The purpose of this research was to determine how different ways of simulating manual tasks affected the estimate of demand on the hand and forearm and how well normative data could be used to provide an estimate of that demand. The forces and moments required to perform 20 manual tasks were measured and simulations with three different levels of realism developed, ranging from simple feedback, with real parts, postures and timing to more controlled simulations with simplified parts, standard postures and 5s static exertions. 11 workers hired from a temporary employment agency each performed the simulated tasks and their physical demand was determined using perceived effort, the muscle activity of 8 hand and forearm muscles, and grip (or pinch) force matching. Based on these criteria, the best simulation was that with the same handle size, shape and orientation as the criterion version of the task using simple feedback to match one or two forces. Over the variety of tasks studied here, perceived effort, grip force matching and extensor digitorum activation provided the most similar demand estimate to the criterion task of all measured parameters. The more controlled simulation had the highest correlation compared with normative demand. Overall, the more changes in hand-object interface made between the task of interest and a simulation or normative data, the greater the discrepancy in demand. Normative data tended to underestimate demand, thus underestimating the risk of fatigue and injury. The use of simulations and task specific normative data to estimate hand task demand, with an accuracy useful for field measurements by ergonomists, was supported.

The force exerted during manual tasks is a dominant risk factor for upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders. To identify tasks that may lead to fatigue over a shift, or increase the risk of injury, the demands placed on the hand and forearm system must be quantified and predicted. The purpose of this research was to determine how different ways of simulating manual tasks affected the estimate of demand on the hand and forearm and how well normative data could be used to provide an estimate of that demand. The forces and moments required to perform 20 manual tasks were measured and simulations with three different levels of realism developed, ranging from simple feedback, with real parts, postures and timing to more controlled simulations with simplified parts, standard postures and 5s static exertions. 11 workers hired from a temporary employment agency each performed the simulated tasks and their physical demand was determined using perceived effort, the muscle activity of 8 hand and forearm muscles, and grip (or pinch) force matching. Based on these criteria, the best simulation was that with the same handle size, shape and orientation as the criterion version of the task using simple feedback to match one or two forces. Over the variety of tasks studied here, perceived effort, grip force matching and extensor digitorum activation provided the most similar demand estimate to the criterion task of all measured parameters. The more controlled simulation had the highest correlation compared with normative demand. Overall, the more changes in hand-object interface made between the task of interest and a simulation or normative data, the greater the discrepancy in demand. Normative data tended to underestimate demand, thus underestimating the risk of fatigue and injury. The use of simulations and task specific normative data to estimate hand task demand, with an accuracy useful for field measurements by ergonomists, was supported.

Orientador: Maria Aparecida Marques dos Santos Mezzacappa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T19:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pepino_VanessaCarina_M.pdf: 2632459 bytes, checksum: 83013924ad476cd5cf3c0fa14cffd64d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de Terapia Manual (TM) tem aumentado muito nos últimos anos, assim como os estudos científicos nesta área. Porém ainda há pouca comprovação sobre os mecanismos fisiológicos das TM, assim como sua eficácia nos tratamentos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os tipos de TM utilizadas em pacientes pediátricos com doenças respiratórias e analisar de forma padronizada a qualidade dessas evidências. MÉTODO: Foi feita uma análise da metodologia dos trabalhos seguindo a Escala PEDro de avaliação, que pontua a qualidade metodológica de ensaios clínicos em fisioterapia, dando uma nota de 0-10. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em três bases de dados, SciELO, PEDro e Medline, buscando por ensaios clínicos que utilizassem algum tipo de TM como intervenção em pacientes pediátricos com doenças respiratórias. Dois avaliadores independentes analisaram os títulos, depois os resumos e selecionaram para estruturação desta revisão os que preencheram os critérios de seleção. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 1147 artigos somando as três bases de dados, dos quais 103 foram escolhidos para leitura do resumo e apenas 24 selecionados para leitura do texto na íntegra. Destes, apenas oito preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Dos 16 que foram excluídos, sete não estudaram o tema pesquisado, oito tiveram como amostra pacientes adultos e um tinha como intervenção técnicas de fisioterapia convencional. Dos oito artigos incluídos nesta revisão, cinco envolveram crianças com asma, e o restante com doenças como fibrose cística, bronquiolite e infecções respiratórias recorrentes. Em seis dos oito estudos, algum benefício foi observado com o uso de TM como tratamento coadjuvante, como diminuição de ansiedade, melhora da função pulmonar e da qualidade de vida. Porém, a qualidade metodológica dos estudos mostrou-se deficiente, segundo a escala PEDro de avaliação, sendo que apenas um estudo teve nota acima de cinco. CONCLUSÃO: Mesmo havendo evidências favoráveis, os resultados foram inconsistentes por conta da qualidade metodológica, da pequena quantidade de estudos e pela ausência de homogeneidade entre eles, o que justifica a continuidade das investigações nesta área. Sugere-se para estudos futuros seguir protocolos de pesquisa padronizados , preocupando-se com a qualidade metodológica, para que as indicações destas modalidades terapêuticas sejam baseadas em evidências fortes. / Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Use of Manual Therapy (MT) has increased greatly in recent years, as scientific studies in this area. But there is still little proven about the physiological mechanisms of TM, as well as its effectiveness in treatments. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to analyze the articles found on MT applied in pediatric patients with respiratory diseases, and identifies the types of MT used. METHOD: An analysis of the methodological quality was assessed following the PEDro Scale Assessment, which analyzes the methodological quality of clinical trials in physiotherapy, giving a score of 0-10. We conducted research in three databases, SciELO, MEDLINE and PEDro, looking for trials that used some kind of MT as an intervention in pediatric patients with respiratory diseases. Two independent reviewers examined the titles, abstracts and then selected for the structuring of this review that met the selection criteria. RESULTS: 1147 articles were found by summing the three databases, of which 103 were selected for abstract assessment, and 24 were selected for full text assessment. After a critical analysis, only eight were included and 16 were excluded (seven have not studied the selected subject, eight had as a sample adult patients and one was about conventional physiotherapy). Of the eight studies included in this review, five involved asthmatic children, and the remainder involved children with other pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis and recurrent respiratory infections. In six of the eight reports some benefit was observed with the use of MT, such as anxiety reduction, improvement in lung function and quality of life. However, the methodological quality of the studies was found to be deficient, according to PEDro's Assessment Scale and only one study score above five. CONCLUSION: Even though there is positive evidence, the results were inconsistent because of the lack of good-quality studies, the small number of studies and the absence of homogeneity between them, which justifies the continuation of investigations in this area. Future investigations should focus on following guidelines, worrying with methodological quality of the study, so the indications of the treatments associating MT with conventional therapy for pediatric patients with respiratory disease are based on strong evidence. / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestra em Ciências

No description available.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee is one of the most common joint diseases in the world. The symptoms include local joint pain, joint stiffness, crepitation etc. Treatment follows national clinical guidelines which includes patient education, exercise and weight loss. Manual therapy can be used as an additional treatment and has shown a positive effect on pain, range of motion (ROM) and function but the method is not studied enough. Purpose: To investigate the effect of manual mobilization with the OMT Nordic System method as a complement to exercise and patient education for patients with knee OA on pain, Quality of Life (QoL) and ROM. Method: A Single subject experimental design study with 4 participants was conducted. Participants underwent a standardized patient education followed by a 6-week baseline of physical exercise, then a 3-week intervention phase which added manual therapy of the knee joint two times a week for the entire phase. The data was analysed regarding changes in both trend and level. Result: All participants had a significant positive change in level of pain and one participant had a positive change in trend. QoL varied among the participants, two had no change in level, one had a significantly positive change and one had a significantly negative change. Only one participant had a positive change of trend in QoL. ROM increased significantly in level in three out of four participants and the trend changed positively among two of the participants Conclusion: This study indicates that OMT Nordic system as a complement to physical exercise and patient education have a positive effect on pain and ROM in patients with knee OA in the short term. However, since not both level and trend were all over significant the result lacks in significance. Due to the study’s design the results should not be generalized on a group level. To be able to draw general conclusions further studies needs to investigate the effect of the OMT Nordic System with more participants and in different settings.

Most research on bimanual rhythmic coordination has occurred with the participants in a seated posture. Many activities of daily living, however, require the interaction of standing postural and manual tasks. A population of individuals that are ideal for studying the integration of a manual task into the ongoing control of posture are expert marching percussionists; they have learned to produce rhythmic movements accurately under a variety of temporal and postural constraints. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the integration of bimanual rhythmic movements and posture in expert marching percussionists. Participants (N=11) were recruited from the University of Massachusetts Drumline, and were asked to perform three rhythmic tasks [1:1, 2:3, and 2:3-F (2:3 rhythm played faster at a self-selected tempo)] in one of three postures: sitting, standing on one foot, and standing on two feet. Discrete relative phase, postural time-to-contact, and coherence analysis, were used to analyze the performance of the manual task, postural control, and the integration between postural and manual performance. Across all three rhythms, discrete relative phase mean and variability (SD) results showed no effects of posture on rhythmic performance. The complexity of the manual task (1:1 vs 2:3) had no effect on postural time-to-contact. However, increasing the tempo of the manual task (2:3 vs. 2:3=F) did result in a decreased postural time-to-contact in the two-footed posture). Coherence analysis revealed that the coupling between the postural and manual task significantly decreased as a function of posture (going from a two footed to a one footed posture) and rhythmic complexity (1:1 vs. 2:3). Taken together, these results demonstrate that expert marching percussionists systematically decouple postural and manual fluctuations in order to preserve the performance of the rhythmic movement task.

No description available.

No description available.

The development of orienting object features during hand to mouth transport was studied in a group of infants between 6-12 months of age (N=60). The task was to bring a bottle to the mouth. The bottle was presented in six different orientations (up, down, toward, away, left, and right). To measure head movement, a 3D motion capture system (Qualisys) was used. The results revealed that older but not younger infants are able to plan actions based on the functional end of an object. Older infants take less time, are more successful at directing the nipple to the mouth, initially grasp the bottle in an efficient manner more frequently, and move the head less than younger infants. More broadly, the results offer insights into how infants become more efficient in feeding tasks as they get older. / 1 / Wendy P. Jung