In this study, specimens of Tridacna sp., which are reef dwelling bivalve molluscs and have been shown to live up to 60 years, collected from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, were sampled for geochemical profiles. The Huon Peninsula is in the heart of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), which plays a key role in ENSO dynamics. The uplifted reef terraces of the Huon Peninsula have been extensively studied, and are well dated, which gives the opportunity to reconstruct the local climate of this region at key intervals during the past. Previous work on Tridacna sp. has shown that they precipitate their aragonite shell in equilibrium with the surrounding seawater, and the δ18O profile of a modern T. gigas from the Huon Peninsula has been shown to correlate with precipitation and temperature anomalies, and the Niño 3.4 temperature anomaly record. Fossil samples from this region are therefore assumed to have the ability to capture changes in δ18O attributable to ENSO. Seasonally resolved δ18O measurements from Tridacna sp. from early Holocene and Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) reefs were used to reconstruct changes in mean climate, seasonality and inter-annual variability (e.g. ENSO). Reconstructions of the mean state tend to agree with previously published studies of Holocene and MIS3 climate, showing similar temperatures to today during the early Holocene, and an average cooling of 2- 3°C during MIS3. The early Holocene Tridacna sp. samples show a reduction in seasonality, consistent with the reduction in seasonal insolation at this time, while those from MIS3 show variable seasonality between 30-60ka. ENSO appears to have been supressed during the early Holocene by up to 50% compared with the late 20th century, which is consistent with coral data and modelling studies. During MIS3, ENSO appears to have been more variable with some records showing anomalous warm and cool events as strong as those seen in the modern T. gigas, used here as a benchmark. Trace element profiles derived from the Tridacna sp. used in this study show a tentative link with temperature and local productivity, but these relationships are subject to species specific and intra-shell effects.

No description available.

Understanding the cause of abrupt climate change in the geologic past can help assess the potential magnitude and variability of future changes in regional and global climate. The research presented here focuses on some of the first records of hydrologic variability in the central North American continent during an interval of Marine Isotope Stage 3 (24-57 thousand years before present (ka)). Sediment core MD02-2551 from the Orca Basin, northern Gulf of Mexico, is used to document the first detailed melting history of the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during MIS 3, and to record terrestrial inputs from the Mississippi River related to changes in evaporation-precipitation over the mid-continent, from 28-45 ka.Paired measurements of oxygen isotopes and Mg/Ca-SST on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (pink) are used to calculate the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater and test one of the key hypotheses for abrupt climate change. Five rvals of freshwater input from 28-45 ka do not match the abrupt Dansgaard-Oeschger temperature oscillations recorded in Greenland ice. Rather, summer melting of the LIS may have occurred during Antarctic warming and likely contributed to sea-level variability during MIS 3. A detailed assessment over one of the meltwater events, using the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of G. ruber and the deeper dwelling Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, demonstrate that meltwater was confined to the surface layers and likely had an impact on the biological pump in the Gulf of Mexico. A similar oxygen isotopic composition of seawater record determined from the year-round white G. ruber suggests that melting was not limited to the warmest summer months. The timing of LIS meltwater input is decoupled from an interval of enhanced wet conditions over the North American continent and increased Mississippi River discharge, as shown by a suite of organic and sedimentologic proxies. Increasing summer insolation on the orbital scale may have led to a northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and an intensification and westward shift in the conical position of the Bermuda High, which shuttles moisture to the North American continent and contributes to flooding in the Mississippi River drainage basin.

A partir da avaliação de um banco de dados com 192 sondagens SPT realizadas na costa do Estado de São Paulo, foram detalhadas neste trabalho duas perfurações executadas na planície costeira da RMBS, Município de São Vicente, litoral sudeste do Brasil, com objetivo de contribuir com o estudo estratigráfico regional, apresentando a descrição macroscópica, NSPT, resultados granulométricos, geoquímicos e geocronológicos que indicam a correlação de depósitos lamosos amostrados em profundidade nestes furos com eventos transgressivos marinhos regionais. Tais resultados permitiram o reconhecimento de depósitos lamosos associados ao Estágio Isotópico Marinho 3 (MIS3) com idades entre 44890 AP e 40950 AP, formados em ambiente mixohalino desenvolvido entre 7 e 19 m abaixo do nível do mar atual, tendo-se ainda, proxies geoquímicos que sugerem uma transgressão marinha (ou mudança climática) entre 43000 e 42000 AP. Os resultados de granulometria indicaram o predomínio de areia fina nos intervalos arenosos e silte grosso nos lamosos, com NSPT das areias entre 2 e 40 e NSPT das lamas entre 1 e 8, sendo que para as areias os números mais elevados estão relacionados aos depósitos com melhor seleção granulométrica, possivelmente, pela ação de dunas e/ou posicionadas inferiormente na coluna estratigráfica (e/ou próximas à base de cada intervalo), e para as lamas os maiores valores são encontrados nas porções inferiores das sondagens, provavelmente, devido ao peso da coluna sedimentar sobrejacente. Os resultados de diâmetro médio (φ), NSPT e CaCO3 apresentaram correlação em ambas as sondagens, observando-se para os maiores valores de φ, os menores de NSPT e os maiores de CaCO3. A distribuição dos metais na sondagem SP-02 revelou a existência de dois grupos principais, sendo o primeiro associado à dominância de minerais argilosos (K, Ba, Sc, Al, Mg e Sr), e o segundo, associado a óxidos (Fe, Ti, Cr, V, Mn, Cu, Ni e Zn), com a sequência basal lamosa (MIS5e) associada à fácies terrestre, e, as lamas intermediárias (MIS3) associadas a um ambiente mixohalino, indicando a possibilidade de rochas-fonte distintas ou mudanças nas condições climáticas entre MIS5e e MIS3. / In this work, new evidence regarding a Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) transgression on the south-eastern Brazilian coast (Baixada Santista coastal plain) is shown. Data collected from two Standard Penetration Test (SPT) drillings allowed the distinction of four sandy intervals of three mud intervals, with the intermediate sequences revealing the occurrence of myxohaline sediments between BP 45,000 and 41,000 BP. A deeper sequence, which shows a clear transition from terrestrial to a myxohaline environment, was associated with the MIS5e. Organic and inorganic proxies have been used to recognize the variations on the terrestrial/myxohaline/marine deposits, as well as to infer about climate and energy of the depositional environment. Environmental change, which could correspond to a sea-level peak or the occurrence of drier conditions, was recognized between 43,000 and 42,000 BP. The SPT values in the sands varied between 2 and 40, while for muds the SPT values ranged from 1 to 8. The results of mean diameter (φ), SPT and CaCO3 presented a correlation in both drillings, with the highest values of φ, being the lowest of SPT and the highest of CaCO3. The results reinforce the need for future works on MIS3 variability on the South American Atlantic coast.

A partir da avaliação de um banco de dados com 192 sondagens SPT realizadas na costa do Estado de São Paulo, foram detalhadas neste trabalho duas perfurações executadas na planície costeira da RMBS, Município de São Vicente, litoral sudeste do Brasil, com objetivo de contribuir com o estudo estratigráfico regional, apresentando a descrição macroscópica, NSPT, resultados granulométricos, geoquímicos e geocronológicos que indicam a correlação de depósitos lamosos amostrados em profundidade nestes furos com eventos transgressivos marinhos regionais. Tais resultados permitiram o reconhecimento de depósitos lamosos associados ao Estágio Isotópico Marinho 3 (MIS3) com idades entre 44890 AP e 40950 AP, formados em ambiente mixohalino desenvolvido entre 7 e 19 m abaixo do nível do mar atual, tendo-se ainda, proxies geoquímicos que sugerem uma transgressão marinha (ou mudança climática) entre 43000 e 42000 AP. Os resultados de granulometria indicaram o predomínio de areia fina nos intervalos arenosos e silte grosso nos lamosos, com NSPT das areias entre 2 e 40 e NSPT das lamas entre 1 e 8, sendo que para as areias os números mais elevados estão relacionados aos depósitos com melhor seleção granulométrica, possivelmente, pela ação de dunas e/ou posicionadas inferiormente na coluna estratigráfica (e/ou próximas à base de cada intervalo), e para as lamas os maiores valores são encontrados nas porções inferiores das sondagens, provavelmente, devido ao peso da coluna sedimentar sobrejacente. Os resultados de diâmetro médio (φ), NSPT e CaCO3 apresentaram correlação em ambas as sondagens, observando-se para os maiores valores de φ, os menores de NSPT e os maiores de CaCO3. A distribuição dos metais na sondagem SP-02 revelou a existência de dois grupos principais, sendo o primeiro associado à dominância de minerais argilosos (K, Ba, Sc, Al, Mg e Sr), e o segundo, associado a óxidos (Fe, Ti, Cr, V, Mn, Cu, Ni e Zn), com a sequência basal lamosa (MIS5e) associada à fácies terrestre, e, as lamas intermediárias (MIS3) associadas a um ambiente mixohalino, indicando a possibilidade de rochas-fonte distintas ou mudanças nas condições climáticas entre MIS5e e MIS3. / In this work, new evidence regarding a Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) transgression on the south-eastern Brazilian coast (Baixada Santista coastal plain) is shown. Data collected from two Standard Penetration Test (SPT) drillings allowed the distinction of four sandy intervals of three mud intervals, with the intermediate sequences revealing the occurrence of myxohaline sediments between BP 45,000 and 41,000 BP. A deeper sequence, which shows a clear transition from terrestrial to a myxohaline environment, was associated with the MIS5e. Organic and inorganic proxies have been used to recognize the variations on the terrestrial/myxohaline/marine deposits, as well as to infer about climate and energy of the depositional environment. Environmental change, which could correspond to a sea-level peak or the occurrence of drier conditions, was recognized between 43,000 and 42,000 BP. The SPT values in the sands varied between 2 and 40, while for muds the SPT values ranged from 1 to 8. The results of mean diameter (φ), SPT and CaCO3 presented a correlation in both drillings, with the highest values of φ, being the lowest of SPT and the highest of CaCO3. The results reinforce the need for future works on MIS3 variability on the South American Atlantic coast.

No description available.