This dissertation focuses on the marine pollution awareness training needs of newly recruited SAN employees. It uses Training Needs Analysis (TNA) as a tool to gain a better understanding of what knowledge, skills and attitude (KSA) recruits should have about the marine environment and if their level of competency meets the requirement to effectively and efficiently contribute to the sustainable use of the maritime environment in which they will be deployed. Ultimately, their individual and collective abilities will be a determining factor in the strategic intent of the SAN to be unchallenged at sea. The absence therefore of a Marine Pollution Awareness Training Programme (MPTAP) within the Basic Military Training (BMT) curriculum of new recruits at SAS SALDANHA Naval Gymnasium necessitated a TNA. Based on prior research on training conducted by subject matter experts both internal and external to the SAN it was decided to conduct a TNA on the KSA‟s required in terms of marine pollution awareness amongst newly recruited members. The literature provided discusses education, training, development of employees and focuses then on the role and importance of TNA‟s. Information was gathered from various subject matter experts, archival records, policy documents, internet-based resources and newly recruited naval learners consisting of a sample of 25 new recruits. Theory was used to determine the KSA expected from naval employees in terms of marine pollution awareness. Data obtained from each of the research resources was coded and grouped in order to establish themes. This allowed the researcher to determine what KSA‟s recruits should have about the marine environment and if their level of competency meets the requirement to effectively and efficiently contribute to the sustainable use of the maritime environment in which they will be deployed. The researcher therefore found that first priority in terms of KSA‟s should be given to a basic legal understanding of the regulatory framework that is applicable on marine pollution. This understanding will form the foundation for recruits to have the ability to know “what to do when” during observed transgressions. The legal understanding in combination with the Sector Education Training Authority (SETA) unit standards will help new recruits to be skilful when applying safe working practices thereby ensuring their own and others' safety. Ultimately, a basic but well entrenched knowledge about marine pollution together with applied skills on how to use the knowledge should influence the attitude of new recruits in a positive manner. The researcher concluded that there is a need on the macro, meso and micro level for a MPATP amongst new recruits at SAS SALDANHA. It is recommended that since this research appears to establish the first empirical confirmation of the training need amongst new recruits, it will require further research in terms of curriculum design, curriculum implementation and the evaluation thereof. It would therefore be in the best interest of the SAN to ensure the integration of a MPATP into the planning phase of future BMT Curriculum‟s. It would also be advisable to communicate this intent with all the relevant stakeholders in order to ensure alignment with governmental organisations as well as the private sector where these new recruits can be employed based on their newly acquired competencies.

Bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) e pesticidas organoclorados são poluentes resistentes à degradação e têm sido identificados em vários compartimentos do ambiente marinho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar e validar a metodologia, e avaliar a contaminação por pesticidas organoclorados e PCBs em algas e sedimentos costeiros no Estuário e Baía de Santos-São Vicente e no Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananéia (SP). Foram coletadas nessas regiões um total de 37 amostras de sedimento superficial, 3 testemunhos com 27 sub-amostras e 10 amostras de alga, no período de 1998-2001. O método, que incluiu a extração e purificação com solventes orgânicos e análise por GC-ECD, mostrou-se satisfatório dentro dos padrões internacionais. Na região de Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os DDTs (sedimentos: 0,78 a 14,52 ng.g-1 peso seco) e as maiores concentrações ocorreram nas proximidades da Cidade de Cananéia e Baía de Trapandé. Na região de Santos predominaram os PCBs (sedimentos: 4,08 a 133,42 ng.g-1 peso seco, testemunhos de sedimentos: 3, 70 a 44,65 ng.g-1 peso seco e algas: 15,83 a 43,21 ng.g-1 peso seco) e os maiores valores foram encontrados no emissário submarino, no Estuário de Santos, em locais próximos as indústrias, e no Estuário de São Vicente. De maneira geral, as concentrações tanto de PCBs quanto de pesticidas organoclorados em Santos e Cananéia-Iguape foram baixas. Santos apresentou maior incidência de PCBs, provavelmente devido à industrialização, enquanto que em Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os pesticidas organoclorados, que podem ser atribuídos às antigas campanhas de saúde pública ou aplicações nas lavouras. / Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides are degradation resistant pollutants. They have been detected in several compartments of marine environment. The objective of this study was the optimization of the methodology and the evaluation of the contamination of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs em algae and coastal sediments in the Estuary and Bay of Santos-São Vicente and in the Lagunar Complex of Iguape and Cananéia (SP). An amount of 37 samples of superficial sediment, 3 cores with 27 subsamples and 10 samples of algae was collected in the period of 1998-2001. The methodology was considered satisfactory within international standards, that includes extraction and clean up with organic solvents and analysis with GC-ECD. In the Cananéia-Iguape region, DDTs were predominant and the highest levels were found around the city of Cananéia and in Trapandé Bay. In the Santos area, the PCBs were predominant and the highest values were found around the Santos Bay outfall and in the Estuary of Santos-São Vicente. In general, either the concentrations of PCBs or chlorinated pesticides in Santos and Cananéia-Iguape were low. Santos presented higher incidence of PCBs, probably due to industrialization, while in Cananéia-Iguape the chlorinated pesticides predominated, and that can be attributed to past public health campaigns or to agricultural uses.

Bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) e pesticidas organoclorados são poluentes resistentes à degradação e têm sido identificados em vários compartimentos do ambiente marinho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar e validar a metodologia, e avaliar a contaminação por pesticidas organoclorados e PCBs em algas e sedimentos costeiros no Estuário e Baía de Santos-São Vicente e no Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Iguape e Cananéia (SP). Foram coletadas nessas regiões um total de 37 amostras de sedimento superficial, 3 testemunhos com 27 sub-amostras e 10 amostras de alga, no período de 1998-2001. O método, que incluiu a extração e purificação com solventes orgânicos e análise por GC-ECD, mostrou-se satisfatório dentro dos padrões internacionais. Na região de Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os DDTs (sedimentos: 0,78 a 14,52 ng.g-1 peso seco) e as maiores concentrações ocorreram nas proximidades da Cidade de Cananéia e Baía de Trapandé. Na região de Santos predominaram os PCBs (sedimentos: 4,08 a 133,42 ng.g-1 peso seco, testemunhos de sedimentos: 3, 70 a 44,65 ng.g-1 peso seco e algas: 15,83 a 43,21 ng.g-1 peso seco) e os maiores valores foram encontrados no emissário submarino, no Estuário de Santos, em locais próximos as indústrias, e no Estuário de São Vicente. De maneira geral, as concentrações tanto de PCBs quanto de pesticidas organoclorados em Santos e Cananéia-Iguape foram baixas. Santos apresentou maior incidência de PCBs, provavelmente devido à industrialização, enquanto que em Cananéia-Iguape predominaram os pesticidas organoclorados, que podem ser atribuídos às antigas campanhas de saúde pública ou aplicações nas lavouras. / Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides are degradation resistant pollutants. They have been detected in several compartments of marine environment. The objective of this study was the optimization of the methodology and the evaluation of the contamination of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs em algae and coastal sediments in the Estuary and Bay of Santos-São Vicente and in the Lagunar Complex of Iguape and Cananéia (SP). An amount of 37 samples of superficial sediment, 3 cores with 27 subsamples and 10 samples of algae was collected in the period of 1998-2001. The methodology was considered satisfactory within international standards, that includes extraction and clean up with organic solvents and analysis with GC-ECD. In the Cananéia-Iguape region, DDTs were predominant and the highest levels were found around the city of Cananéia and in Trapandé Bay. In the Santos area, the PCBs were predominant and the highest values were found around the Santos Bay outfall and in the Estuary of Santos-São Vicente. In general, either the concentrations of PCBs or chlorinated pesticides in Santos and Cananéia-Iguape were low. Santos presented higher incidence of PCBs, probably due to industrialization, while in Cananéia-Iguape the chlorinated pesticides predominated, and that can be attributed to past public health campaigns or to agricultural uses.