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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Potential of Africa for Automotive / Potential of Africa for Automotive Industry

Oshchebska, Sofiya January 2012 (has links)
This thesis is dedicated to the estimation of the potential of African continent for the automotive market entry. The work starts with the introduction of key internationalization, market assessment and market entry theories. Author then conducts a general analysis of automotive industry and evaluates the competitive forces that are shaping it nowadays. The research continues with the identification and evaluation of key drivers of Africa's future growth. Final practical part of the thesis is presented in the form of comparative study of four African countries: Egypt, Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia, that according to the author present the highest market potential for automotive in Africa. Country comparison and ranking is conducted by the application of PESTLE framework. In the end Egypt is identified as a preferred country and a list of recommendations on the automotive market entry strategy for Egypt is provided.
2

A New Methodology for Measuring Market Potential and for Determining the Validity of Existing Market Segments

Anderson, Robert Lee, 1940- 08 1900 (has links)
This study is concerned with developing a new methodology or "tool" with the use of existing market, research techniques which should enable a firm to measure its market potential and test the validity of its existing market segments.
3

Importance of estimation of market potential : a case of Sandvik Tooling

Tegnér, Mi January 2011 (has links)
Abstract   Title: Importance of estimation of market potential- a case of Sandvik Tooling   Level: Bachelor Degree in BusinessAdministration, 15 ECTS-Credits in Marketing   Author: Mi Tegnér   Supervisor: Akmal Hyder   Date: 2011-05   Aim: The aim of this thesis is to study in which waySandvik Tooling and certain other international companies’ measure and estimatethe market potential   Method: I have used a qualitative method. This meansthat I have focused on the big picture rather than solely on parts from thecollected material. The qualitative method was based on interviews with 12respondents, both within Sandvik AB and with employees from other internationalcompanies. Furthermore, I have made an interconnection between my empirical andtheoretical part in order to draw conclusions on the findings.   Result & Conclusions: The study shows some importantfactors, which may affect a company´s effort to measure and estimate the marketpotential. They are; gaps may easily appear when customers and companies havedifferent views on quality, price and productivity, too large amounts ofinformation, the importance of new ideas and perspectives. A company canminimize their problems and any errors within the collected material if theywork after similar framework, consisting of clear structures and methodologies.   Suggestions for future research: Future research could be to do asimilar study, to identify methods to measure and estimate market potential forSandvik Tooling but within an international setting. Then compare this resultwith my result to see in which way the perception of market potential differsin the different countries.   Contribution of the thesis: From my research, I have got an understandingthat the process of measuring and estimating companies market potential is notan easy mission. Especially among the companies, which consist of differentbusiness areas, product areas and segment areas. I hope the study will beinteresting for the employee´s working with market potential and businessdevelopment, to see that people within the same company may have differentviews about this subject. I also believe that managers in general would benefitfrom this study, to understand that their employees would like to see a moresimilar framework within the company, when it comes to measure and estimatemarket potential. During this thesis, I found a deficiency of scientificarticles about the subject, measuring a company´s market potential. It had beeninteresting to see if my results corresponded to previous results in the samesubject.   Key words: business areas, benchmarking, estimation,market potential, market shares, measuring
4

Nova geografia econômica, salários e migração : três ensaios aplicados ao Brasil

Pelizza, Cristian Rafael January 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho busca observar aspectos associados à Nova Geografia Econômica, aplicados ao Brasil através de três ensaios. No primeiro, intitulado “O impacto do mercado potencial sobre os salários nos estados brasileiros, de 2001 a 2009”, estimou-se através de dados em painel em três métodos, painel com efeitos fixos, a metodologia de Hausman-Taylor e o um painel dinâmico utilizando o estimador de Arellano e Bond (1991), um modelo semi-estrutural derivado de Krugman (1991), onde se observou o equilíbrio de curto prazo de um modelo centro-periferia aplicado ao Brasil. Em todos os casos, o mercado potencial, variável diretamente relacionada aos fatores chave da Nova Geografia Econômica, sendo que se podem destacar os ganhos de escala da aglomeração e os custos de comércio, apresentaram impacto positivo sobre os salários regionais. O segundo ensaio, cujo título é “Migração e mercado potencial: uma análise para os estados brasileiros de 2001 a 2009”, observou através da fundamentação teórica de Tabuchi e Thisse (2002), uma aplicação utilizando dados em painel do modelo de Crozet (2004), em que o mercado potencial dos estados afeta o fluxo de migração entre os mesmos. Nesse caso, embora o efeito do mercado potencial tenha apresentado resultado de acordo com a literatura, observou-se um papel importante dos fatores não observáveis, que podem ser associados às amenidades e a heterogeneidade individual no que concerne a escolha sobre migrar, sobre o fluxo migratório mencionado. Por fim, o terceiro ensaio, que se intitula “Decomposição em componentes não observáveis e a dinâmica salarial em regiões metropolitanas brasileiras”, observa os padrões de tendência, ciclo e sazonalidade para seis regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, para o período 2002-2014, utilizando uma estimação com filtro de Kalman. Através da metodologia empregada, pode-se afirmar que a dinâmica dos salários regionais difere em todos os aspectos citados e também em termos de ajuste do modelo. / This study aims to observe aspects of the New Economic Geography, applied to Brazil through three essay. In the first, entitled "The impact of the potential market on wages in the Brazilian states, 2001-2009", was estimated by panel data in three methods, panel fixed effects, the Hausman-Taylor methodology and a dynamic panel using the estimator of Arellano and Bond (1991), a semi-structural model derived from Krugman (1991), which also produced the short-run equilibrium of a core-periphery model applied to Brazil. In all cases, the market potential variable directly related to the key factors of the New Economic Geography, and can highlight the scale economies of agglomeration and trade costs, had a positive impact on regional wages. The second essay, entitled "Migration and potential market: an analysis for the Brazilian states from 2001 to 2009," noted with theoretical basis of Tabuchi and Thisse (2002), an application using panel data model of the Crozet (2004 ), wherein the potential market conditions affecting the migration flow therebetween. In this case, although the effect of the potential market has shown a result according to the literature, there is an important role for unobservable factors that may be associated with features and individual heterogeneity as regards the choice of migrating on migration flow mentioned. Finally, the third test, which is entitled "Decomposition on unobservable components and wage dynamics in Brazilian metropolitan areas," notes the patterns of trend, cycle and seasonality for six urban areas for the period 2002-2014, using a estimation with Kalman filter. Through the methodology used, it can be said that the dynamics of regional wage differs in all the above aspects and also in terms of model fit.
5

Nova geografia econômica, salários e migração : três ensaios aplicados ao Brasil

Pelizza, Cristian Rafael January 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho busca observar aspectos associados à Nova Geografia Econômica, aplicados ao Brasil através de três ensaios. No primeiro, intitulado “O impacto do mercado potencial sobre os salários nos estados brasileiros, de 2001 a 2009”, estimou-se através de dados em painel em três métodos, painel com efeitos fixos, a metodologia de Hausman-Taylor e o um painel dinâmico utilizando o estimador de Arellano e Bond (1991), um modelo semi-estrutural derivado de Krugman (1991), onde se observou o equilíbrio de curto prazo de um modelo centro-periferia aplicado ao Brasil. Em todos os casos, o mercado potencial, variável diretamente relacionada aos fatores chave da Nova Geografia Econômica, sendo que se podem destacar os ganhos de escala da aglomeração e os custos de comércio, apresentaram impacto positivo sobre os salários regionais. O segundo ensaio, cujo título é “Migração e mercado potencial: uma análise para os estados brasileiros de 2001 a 2009”, observou através da fundamentação teórica de Tabuchi e Thisse (2002), uma aplicação utilizando dados em painel do modelo de Crozet (2004), em que o mercado potencial dos estados afeta o fluxo de migração entre os mesmos. Nesse caso, embora o efeito do mercado potencial tenha apresentado resultado de acordo com a literatura, observou-se um papel importante dos fatores não observáveis, que podem ser associados às amenidades e a heterogeneidade individual no que concerne a escolha sobre migrar, sobre o fluxo migratório mencionado. Por fim, o terceiro ensaio, que se intitula “Decomposição em componentes não observáveis e a dinâmica salarial em regiões metropolitanas brasileiras”, observa os padrões de tendência, ciclo e sazonalidade para seis regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, para o período 2002-2014, utilizando uma estimação com filtro de Kalman. Através da metodologia empregada, pode-se afirmar que a dinâmica dos salários regionais difere em todos os aspectos citados e também em termos de ajuste do modelo. / This study aims to observe aspects of the New Economic Geography, applied to Brazil through three essay. In the first, entitled "The impact of the potential market on wages in the Brazilian states, 2001-2009", was estimated by panel data in three methods, panel fixed effects, the Hausman-Taylor methodology and a dynamic panel using the estimator of Arellano and Bond (1991), a semi-structural model derived from Krugman (1991), which also produced the short-run equilibrium of a core-periphery model applied to Brazil. In all cases, the market potential variable directly related to the key factors of the New Economic Geography, and can highlight the scale economies of agglomeration and trade costs, had a positive impact on regional wages. The second essay, entitled "Migration and potential market: an analysis for the Brazilian states from 2001 to 2009," noted with theoretical basis of Tabuchi and Thisse (2002), an application using panel data model of the Crozet (2004 ), wherein the potential market conditions affecting the migration flow therebetween. In this case, although the effect of the potential market has shown a result according to the literature, there is an important role for unobservable factors that may be associated with features and individual heterogeneity as regards the choice of migrating on migration flow mentioned. Finally, the third test, which is entitled "Decomposition on unobservable components and wage dynamics in Brazilian metropolitan areas," notes the patterns of trend, cycle and seasonality for six urban areas for the period 2002-2014, using a estimation with Kalman filter. Through the methodology used, it can be said that the dynamics of regional wage differs in all the above aspects and also in terms of model fit.
6

Nova geografia econômica, salários e migração : três ensaios aplicados ao Brasil

Pelizza, Cristian Rafael January 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho busca observar aspectos associados à Nova Geografia Econômica, aplicados ao Brasil através de três ensaios. No primeiro, intitulado “O impacto do mercado potencial sobre os salários nos estados brasileiros, de 2001 a 2009”, estimou-se através de dados em painel em três métodos, painel com efeitos fixos, a metodologia de Hausman-Taylor e o um painel dinâmico utilizando o estimador de Arellano e Bond (1991), um modelo semi-estrutural derivado de Krugman (1991), onde se observou o equilíbrio de curto prazo de um modelo centro-periferia aplicado ao Brasil. Em todos os casos, o mercado potencial, variável diretamente relacionada aos fatores chave da Nova Geografia Econômica, sendo que se podem destacar os ganhos de escala da aglomeração e os custos de comércio, apresentaram impacto positivo sobre os salários regionais. O segundo ensaio, cujo título é “Migração e mercado potencial: uma análise para os estados brasileiros de 2001 a 2009”, observou através da fundamentação teórica de Tabuchi e Thisse (2002), uma aplicação utilizando dados em painel do modelo de Crozet (2004), em que o mercado potencial dos estados afeta o fluxo de migração entre os mesmos. Nesse caso, embora o efeito do mercado potencial tenha apresentado resultado de acordo com a literatura, observou-se um papel importante dos fatores não observáveis, que podem ser associados às amenidades e a heterogeneidade individual no que concerne a escolha sobre migrar, sobre o fluxo migratório mencionado. Por fim, o terceiro ensaio, que se intitula “Decomposição em componentes não observáveis e a dinâmica salarial em regiões metropolitanas brasileiras”, observa os padrões de tendência, ciclo e sazonalidade para seis regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, para o período 2002-2014, utilizando uma estimação com filtro de Kalman. Através da metodologia empregada, pode-se afirmar que a dinâmica dos salários regionais difere em todos os aspectos citados e também em termos de ajuste do modelo. / This study aims to observe aspects of the New Economic Geography, applied to Brazil through three essay. In the first, entitled "The impact of the potential market on wages in the Brazilian states, 2001-2009", was estimated by panel data in three methods, panel fixed effects, the Hausman-Taylor methodology and a dynamic panel using the estimator of Arellano and Bond (1991), a semi-structural model derived from Krugman (1991), which also produced the short-run equilibrium of a core-periphery model applied to Brazil. In all cases, the market potential variable directly related to the key factors of the New Economic Geography, and can highlight the scale economies of agglomeration and trade costs, had a positive impact on regional wages. The second essay, entitled "Migration and potential market: an analysis for the Brazilian states from 2001 to 2009," noted with theoretical basis of Tabuchi and Thisse (2002), an application using panel data model of the Crozet (2004 ), wherein the potential market conditions affecting the migration flow therebetween. In this case, although the effect of the potential market has shown a result according to the literature, there is an important role for unobservable factors that may be associated with features and individual heterogeneity as regards the choice of migrating on migration flow mentioned. Finally, the third test, which is entitled "Decomposition on unobservable components and wage dynamics in Brazilian metropolitan areas," notes the patterns of trend, cycle and seasonality for six urban areas for the period 2002-2014, using a estimation with Kalman filter. Through the methodology used, it can be said that the dynamics of regional wage differs in all the above aspects and also in terms of model fit.
7

Air Transportation Modeling to Evaluate Airport Runway Infrastructure and Supersonic Transport Demand

Wang, Zhou 15 January 2025 (has links)
Technological challenges must be objectively and rigorously studied through simulation and modeling with the transition to more advanced air transportation systems. This dissertation addresses two relevant problems in air transportation: airport runway infrastructure evaluation and the prediction of worldwide demand for future supersonic aircraft. Both topics aim to improve air transportation mobility, which benefits society and contributes to economic growth. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5325-4B contains the current method of estimating runway length requirements at small airports. With the introduction and significant growth of new-generation aircraft operations, the aircraft group approach and the oversimplification of several design variables described in the AC are problematic. This dissertation developed a series of modules to address these problems. These modules are integrated into the Small Aircraft Runway Length Analysis Tool (SARLAT), a stand-alone computer program used by airport designers. The latest version of SARLAT incorporates 67 individual aircraft performance characteristics based on a robust data processing, consolidation, and validation workflow. A conservative regression-based model has been developed to account for non-zero runway gradients and different runway surface conditions. A comparison between the FAA AC and SARLAT indicates that the current design methods are conservative for new-generation corporate jets but fall short for modern piston and turboprop aircraft. The models developed include aircraft stage length and payload-range analysis to assist airport designers and improve decision-making. The stage length analysis model uses Traffic Flow Management System (TFMS) data to estimate the cumulative distribution distances flown by individual aircraft. Using a time-step numerical simulation, the payload-range analysis developed a series of MATLAB functions to quantify the trade-offs between the aircraft's useful load and mission range. Another model developed in the dissertation and integrated into SARLAT determines the critical aircraft operating at the airport. All federally-funded projects require this process as part of the Airport Improvement Program (AIP). The models developed in the dissertation lead to more accurate and cost-effective estimates of runway length designs. The desire for supersonic transport was revived recently with advancements in aeronautical technologies and worldwide economic growth. Recent studies have developed various open-loop systems to assess worldwide demand and fleet size of future supersonic aircraft designs, assuming a fixed percentage of business passengers willing to switch to supersonic travel (i.e., switch rate). However, these studies overlooked the strong causality between supersonic transport airfare, the cost of the aircraft, and the market size for an assumed switch rate. To address this important causal gap, this dissertation develops a four-discipline coupled system, the Low Boom Systems Analysis Model Version 2 (LBSAM2). This system captures the dynamics between passenger preferences, fleet assignment, aircraft development cost, and aircraft operational economics to reach an equilibrium point. The passenger preference model quantifies the differences between supersonic and subsonic travel by introducing a "Value of Comfort" (VOC) concept to account for comfort loss due to seat pitch reductions. The fleet assignment model finds the minimum number of aircraft required to satisfy worldwide supersonic demand, which is subject to several constraints, including aircraft routes, airport curfews, aircraft utilization, and aircraft maintenance requirements. The aircraft development and life cycle cost models consider total aircraft production, technical specifications, and various operating and maintenance costs to derive a Cost per Passenger Nautical Mile (CPM) for each concept of supersonic aircraft. The integrated LBSAM2 shows that low-boom aircraft designs could attract 28% more business travelers worldwide than Mach cut-off designs (i.e., supersonic aircraft must slow down while flying overland to avoid excessive sonic booms over populated areas). Higher passenger demand for low-boom aircraft increases aircraft production leading to lower unit airframe cost, which achieves parity with the Mach cut-off design. This dissertation conducted a sensitivity analysis to investigate the effect of jet fuel prices on the market potential based on realistic and optimistic assumptions for airport emissions, noise, and landing fees. The estimated number of aircraft required and annual passengers are sensitive to fuel prices and operational factors. The potential market for a 50-passenger low-boom supersonic design ranges between 315 and 719 in 2040, depending on assumptions and jet fuel price. Based on a forecast of $5/gallon Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) fuel price in 2040, LBSAM2 indicates that the low-boom design is not economically viable with only a worldwide projected demand of 1.24 million passengers. The models developed in this dissertation advance the state of knowledge in air transportation engineering. First, the dissertation develops an integrated method to predict runway length requirements at small airports. The models developed include detailed aircraft performance models for 67 individual aircraft with correction factors for runway grade and runway surfaces. Other models developed estimate aircraft payload-range diagrams, historical stage length analysis, and an automated critical aircraft determination to obtain a final recommended runway length. These functions have been integrated into the SARLAT tool - a stand-alone and user-friendly computer program. SARLAT provides information for airport designers and planners to streamline runway length design and improve the decision-making process in evaluating runway extension projects. This dissertation developed passenger preference and optimization network fleet analysis modules to predict supersonic aircraft demand. The passenger preference model quantifies time-saving benefits and comfort loss between the subsonic and supersonic flights. A fleet assignment model has been developed to minimize the number of aircraft under aircraft routes, airport curfews, maximum daily aircraft utilization, and passenger demand constraints. Considering realistic operational constraints, LABSAM2 enables a quantitative comparison for system-level trade-off studies between aircraft weight, range, and ground noise from the sonic boom. Passenger mobility is a central focus of this dissertation. Enhancing passenger mobility not only meets the needs of air travelers but also stimulates economic growth by generating additional job opportunities. The development of SARLAT offers an accurate and cost-effective solution for determining runway length requirements at small airports, thereby improving their accessibility. Enhanced airport accessibility brings socio-economic benefits to surrounding communities. In addition, the dissertation developed a set of modules to predict worldwide supersonic passenger demand. Advancing passenger mobility through supersonic designs could foster socio-economic benefits by significantly reducing intercontinental travel time and expanding business opportunities for companies worldwide. / Doctor of Philosophy / The scope of this dissertation includes airport runway infrastructure evaluation and the worldwide demand for future supersonic aircraft. Both topics aim to improve air transportation mobility, which benefits society and contributes to economic growth. The existing method of determining runway length requirements categorizes aircraft into different groups and simplifies several design variables. However, the current group design approach and simplification are problematic for new-generation aircraft. This dissertation has developed a series of models to address these problems and then integrated these models into the Small Aircraft Runway Length Analysis Tool (SARLAT), a stand-alone computer program used by airport designers. The latest version of SARLAT incorporates 67 individual aircraft takeoff and landing distances with conservative correction factors for runway grade and different runway surfaces. Other models developed include aircraft payload-range diagrams and historical distances flown to assist airport designers in the decision-making process. The models developed in the dissertation lead to more accurate and cost-effective estimates of runway length designs. Recent studies have developed various methodologies to assess worldwide demand and fleet size of future supersonic aircraft designs, assuming a fixed percentage of business passengers willing to switch to supersonic travel (i.e., switch rate). However, these studies overlooked the strong causality between supersonic transport airfare, the cost of the aircraft, and the market size for an assumed switch rate. To address this important causal gap, the Low Boom Systems Analysis Model version 2 (LBSAM2) has been developed. The passenger preference model quantifies the differences between supersonic and subsonic travel by introducing a "Value of Comfort" (VOC) concept to account for comfort loss due to seat pitch reductions. The fleet assignment model finds the minimum number of aircraft required to satisfy worldwide supersonic demand, which is subject to several constraints, including aircraft routes, airport curfews, aircraft utilization, and aircraft maintenance requirements. The estimated number of aircraft required and annual passengers are sensitive to fuel prices and operational factors. The potential market for a 50-passenger low-boom supersonic design ranges between 315 and 719 in 2040. Based on a forecast of $5/gallon Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) fuel price in 2040, LBSAM2 indicates that the low-boom design is not economically viable with only a worldwide projected demand of 1.24 million passengers. Considering realistic operational constraints, LABSAM2 enables a quantitative comparison for system-level trade-off studies between aircraft weight, range, and ground noise from the sonic boom. Passenger mobility is a central focus of this dissertation. Enhancing passenger mobility not only meets the needs of air travelers but also stimulates economic growth by generating additional job opportunities. The development of SARLAT offers an accurate and cost-effective solution for determining runway length requirements at small airports, thereby improving their accessibility. Enhanced airport accessibility brings socio-economic benefits to surrounding communities. In addition, the dissertation developed a set of modules to predict worldwide supersonic passenger demand. Advancing passenger mobility through supersonic designs could foster socio-economic benefits by significantly reducing intercontinental travel time and expanding business opportunities for companies worldwide.
8

South Africa's agricultural product space : diversifying for growth and employment / Ernst Former Idsardi

Idsardi, Ernst Former January 2014 (has links)
South Africa’s sluggish economic growth and limited structural transformation are at the core of the country’s high levels of unemployment and poverty. Why some countries are able to grow and others not has been the subject of much academic debate, with recent literature throwing fresh light on the phenomenon by exploring the relationship between growth and a country’s productive structure. It is argued that countries’ heterogeneous productive structures stem from differences in entrenched capabilities and know-how in producing and marketing a very specific set of products. Investigating and comparing what countries actually produce and how this supports economic development yield valuable insights into why countries differ and what their transformation priorities should be. In this study a new analytical approach is adopted to determine the potential growth paths of South Africa’s broader agricultural sector, the so-called agro-complex. Comprising 1 456 primary and processed products as well as production inputs within the food, feed and fibre segments, this broad sector makes an important contribution to economic development through its direct and indirect linkages with other economic sectors as well as its relatively high labour absorption rate. The wide-ranging economic challenges that South Africa faces have clearly gripped the country’s agro-complex. A growing dependency on imports of higher value, processed food has led to deteriorating terms of trade, while limited innovation and diversification in agricultural exports (coupled with a high proportion of re-exports) is seriously constraining the positive impact that the agro-complex could have on the country’s growth rate. In this study, the productive structure of the agro-complex is analysed through the application of the ‘product space’ framework. This methodology investigates the relatedness between products as reflected in the conditional probability of a product being exported in tandem with another product, considering all global trade flows. The proximity value, the measurement of relatedness, between all 1 456 products is used to arrive at the structure and visible evidence of an agricultural product space network. This structure allows potential diversification pathways to be analysed. Research has shown that a country’s diversification process involves moves along pathways to nearby - and thus related – ‘new’ products, which simplifies the redeployment of existing productive capabilities and knowledge. These pathways are identified according to three strategic values, namely structural transformation, market potential and employment creation. The potential for structural transformation is determined by using a product-level measure of complexity, with higher level complexity (i.e. upgrading) going to the core of structural transformation. The potential market demand is determined by examining the prospects for import substitution; producing re-exported products locally; producing new, high-potential export products; and diversifying into new markets with existing export products (with the latter two categories evident in the results of a Decision Support Model (DSM)). Finally, the potential for employment creation is analysed in the light of labour and human capital intensities at product level. The study found that South Africa’s position in the agricultural product space is relatively dispersed. This position is characterised by a proportionally high level of core competencies within the primary agricultural cluster and a limited amount of vertical linkages. Furthermore the analyses showed that, especially the products for which South Africa has developed a significant high level of specialisation such as plums and wines are located in the sparser, less promising, parts of the agricultural product space. Notwithstanding, a total of 60 realistic diversification opportunities are within “reach” from the countries core competencies in the agro-complex. The analysis on structural transformation established that the level of product complexity within the agro-complex is more important for economic development than product diversity per se. It was revealed that South Africa only ranked 69th globally with regards to the complexity of its agro-complex. It was determined that upgrading within the forestry and agro-processing of food clusters hold the most potential for improving this position. The investigation into the potential for diversification driven by market potential revealed fore mostly that the potential for substituting imports as well as re-exports with local production is limited. The market prospects for exporting “new” products and expanding the export destinations of existing products within the agro-complex is much more favourable. It was estimated that most employment creation could be derived from diversification within the primary agricultural cluster although its number of opportunities are limited. Diversification within both the primary agricultural and agro-processing of food clusters was found the have to most favourable prospects for developing the level of human capital within the agro-complex. Based on all three strategic values, the most promising diversification opportunities are located within the forestry cluster. The range of realistic opportunities within the five clusters of the agro-complex form the core for developing product-level diversification strategies. This will ultimately strengthen the position of the agro-complex and boost South Africa’s growth path for the next decade. Hence, the main contribution of this study includes the determination of the structure of South Africa’s agro-complex from a product perspective and its implications for potential growth and development. / PhD (International Trade), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
9

South Africa's agricultural product space : diversifying for growth and employment / Ernst Former Idsardi

Idsardi, Ernst Former January 2014 (has links)
South Africa’s sluggish economic growth and limited structural transformation are at the core of the country’s high levels of unemployment and poverty. Why some countries are able to grow and others not has been the subject of much academic debate, with recent literature throwing fresh light on the phenomenon by exploring the relationship between growth and a country’s productive structure. It is argued that countries’ heterogeneous productive structures stem from differences in entrenched capabilities and know-how in producing and marketing a very specific set of products. Investigating and comparing what countries actually produce and how this supports economic development yield valuable insights into why countries differ and what their transformation priorities should be. In this study a new analytical approach is adopted to determine the potential growth paths of South Africa’s broader agricultural sector, the so-called agro-complex. Comprising 1 456 primary and processed products as well as production inputs within the food, feed and fibre segments, this broad sector makes an important contribution to economic development through its direct and indirect linkages with other economic sectors as well as its relatively high labour absorption rate. The wide-ranging economic challenges that South Africa faces have clearly gripped the country’s agro-complex. A growing dependency on imports of higher value, processed food has led to deteriorating terms of trade, while limited innovation and diversification in agricultural exports (coupled with a high proportion of re-exports) is seriously constraining the positive impact that the agro-complex could have on the country’s growth rate. In this study, the productive structure of the agro-complex is analysed through the application of the ‘product space’ framework. This methodology investigates the relatedness between products as reflected in the conditional probability of a product being exported in tandem with another product, considering all global trade flows. The proximity value, the measurement of relatedness, between all 1 456 products is used to arrive at the structure and visible evidence of an agricultural product space network. This structure allows potential diversification pathways to be analysed. Research has shown that a country’s diversification process involves moves along pathways to nearby - and thus related – ‘new’ products, which simplifies the redeployment of existing productive capabilities and knowledge. These pathways are identified according to three strategic values, namely structural transformation, market potential and employment creation. The potential for structural transformation is determined by using a product-level measure of complexity, with higher level complexity (i.e. upgrading) going to the core of structural transformation. The potential market demand is determined by examining the prospects for import substitution; producing re-exported products locally; producing new, high-potential export products; and diversifying into new markets with existing export products (with the latter two categories evident in the results of a Decision Support Model (DSM)). Finally, the potential for employment creation is analysed in the light of labour and human capital intensities at product level. The study found that South Africa’s position in the agricultural product space is relatively dispersed. This position is characterised by a proportionally high level of core competencies within the primary agricultural cluster and a limited amount of vertical linkages. Furthermore the analyses showed that, especially the products for which South Africa has developed a significant high level of specialisation such as plums and wines are located in the sparser, less promising, parts of the agricultural product space. Notwithstanding, a total of 60 realistic diversification opportunities are within “reach” from the countries core competencies in the agro-complex. The analysis on structural transformation established that the level of product complexity within the agro-complex is more important for economic development than product diversity per se. It was revealed that South Africa only ranked 69th globally with regards to the complexity of its agro-complex. It was determined that upgrading within the forestry and agro-processing of food clusters hold the most potential for improving this position. The investigation into the potential for diversification driven by market potential revealed fore mostly that the potential for substituting imports as well as re-exports with local production is limited. The market prospects for exporting “new” products and expanding the export destinations of existing products within the agro-complex is much more favourable. It was estimated that most employment creation could be derived from diversification within the primary agricultural cluster although its number of opportunities are limited. Diversification within both the primary agricultural and agro-processing of food clusters was found the have to most favourable prospects for developing the level of human capital within the agro-complex. Based on all three strategic values, the most promising diversification opportunities are located within the forestry cluster. The range of realistic opportunities within the five clusters of the agro-complex form the core for developing product-level diversification strategies. This will ultimately strengthen the position of the agro-complex and boost South Africa’s growth path for the next decade. Hence, the main contribution of this study includes the determination of the structure of South Africa’s agro-complex from a product perspective and its implications for potential growth and development. / PhD (International Trade), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Aplikace české marketingové strategie na Slovensku na trhu dětské výživy / Aplication of the Czech marketing strategy in Slovkia on the baby food market

Čiháková, Hana January 2010 (has links)
The aim of the theses is to find out whether the same marketing strategy can be applied on both Czech and Slovak market or whether it should be created for the both markets separately. In the analytic part I compare the situation on the Czech and Slovak market as for economic, social and cultural environment and I analyze market potential and competitive environment. At the end I analyze the position and activities of two big players on both markets.

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