Par une prise en compte de son oeuvre de vieillesse, La Marquise de Gange, Adélaïde de Brunswick, princesse de Saxe et Histoire secrète d'Isabelle de Bavière, reine de France, le travail propose une nouvelle perspective sur l'oeuvre du marquis de Sade. Dans un premier temps ses romans libertins les plus connus sont examinés du point de vue de l'histoire et du temps : au fil de la lecture des textes on constate non seulement ce caractère formel hétérogène et tendant à des surenchères de tout genre, mais surtout cette problématisation de l’histoire et du temps (dans le sens d’une conscience aiguë du passage du temps, liée à une réflexion sur la vérité et la morale) caractéristique de la littérature du tournant des Lumières. Dans chaque texte on retrouve la même ambivalence du propos : tantôt fuite hors du temps et déni de l’histoire, tantôt conscience aiguë et lucide, qui se réfugie dans les plis du texte et derrière les métaphores corporelles et les biographies lubriques.La deuxième partie du présent travail souhaite comprendre les trois romans historiques comme documents uniques du développement littéraire et idéologique d’un écrivain dans la France post-révolutionnaire, d’un homme de lettres désormais septuagénaire, confronté aux nouvelles structures d'un monde en plein effort de reconstitution.Moyennant les catégories qui sont analysées ici, il est possible de dégager des trois romans historiques un substrat commun qui en fait ce que je définis, dans le sillage de Paul Ricoeur comme fiction du temps. La fiction du temps ressent de manière particulièrement aiguë l’aporie du temps. Elle est le symptôme d’un malaise historique : de l’expérience bouleversante de la Révolution, de l’opacité d’un monde en mutation, finalement, d’une fuite irrémédiable du temps. / This thesis wants to propose a new perspective on the oeuvre of the Marquis de Sade by taking into account his late works La Marquise de Gange, Adélaïde de Brunswick, princess of Saxony and the Histoire secrète d'Isabelle de Bavière, queen of France.In a first approach his more known libertine novels are examined from a historical point of view. In the course of reading Sades texts one can observe not only a heterogeneous formal character tending towards an overload into all genres. In particular one also finds the manner of expounding the problems of history and time (in the sense of an acute consciousness for the passing of time, combined with reflections on truth and moral) typical of the literature of Enlightenment. In every text one rediscovers the same ambivalence of intention - be it the escape from time and the denial of history, be it an acute and lucid conscience that finds refuge in the letters of the text and behind bodily metaphors and lubricious biographies.The second part of the present thesis wants to understand the three historic novels of the Marquis de Sade as unique documents of the literary and ideological development of an author in post-revolutionary France, a man of letters henceforth in his seventies confronted with new structures of a world in plain process of reforming.By means of the categories analyzed here, it is possible to remove from these three historic novels the common substrate of what I, in the wake of Paul Ricoeur, have in fact defined as the fiction of time. In a particularly acute manner the fiction of time suffers the aporia of time. This is the symptom of a historic faintness - that of the overwhelming experience of the Revolution, of the obscurity of a world in change and in the end of an irremediable escape from time

Ce mémoire de maîtrise nous amène à Paris, au cœur du XVIIe siècle religieux et judiciaire. À travers La marquise de Brinvilliers. Récit de ses derniers moments, l'abbé Edme Pirot (1631-1713), confesseur de la Sorbonne rapporte comment, le 16 juillet 1676, il assista à la mort la marquise de Brinvilliers; il y raconte les derniers instants passés avec la criminelle et le discours qu'il lui tint et qui transforma, en quelques heures, une horrible criminelle parricide et empoisonneuse en une femme repentie, prête à affronter dignement la mort. Ce document exceptionnel est le rare témoignage que nous possédions d'une exhortation auprès d'un supplicié; il constitue une fenêtre unique sur la culture et le savoir d'un confesseur parisien en plein cœur de la contre-réforme. La marquise de Brinvilliers a été l'objet de plusieurs recherches tandis que son confesseur est demeuré peu connu. Dans cette étude, nous avons tenté de montrer que Pirot avait tenté d'écrire une sorte de modèle de récit de mort destiné aux confesseurs de la Sorbonne qui assistaient à la mort les condamnés. À travers une approche sémantique et sérielle, nous avons effectué une analyse comparée entre le texte de Pirot et d'autres modèles d'écriture profane et religieuse. L'abbé s'est certainement inspiré des ars moriendi, des hagiographies, des idées jansénistes sur la grâce et le salut, de l'idéal de la bonne mort présenté à travers l'écriture du fait divers et des histoires tragiques, puis des textes juridiques. Bien que son œuvre soit unique, la mise en lumière de l'argumentation de Pirot nous démontre l'influence d'une multitude de modèles d'écriture et rend compte, par-là, d'un modèle rhétorique utilisé pour assister à la mort un criminel. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Paris, dix-septième siècle, confession, exécution publique, préparation à la mort.

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This dissertation examines the translation of paintings and drawings by François Boucher (1703–1770) into luxury media. Eighteenth-century collectors expended small fortunes on precious objects that reproduced Boucher’s work: cameos, intaglios, enamel-painted porcelain vessels, gold boxes, biscuit porcelain figurines, wool and silk tapestries, and furniture upholstery. Existing studies of eighteenth-century reproduction have tended to focus on innovations in printmaking that enabled the production of inexpensive and extremely faithful facsimiles of works of art. Luxury reproductions, by contrast, were expensive, scarce, and materially assertive, often calling attention to their mediums, and to the act of mediation itself. Through an investigation of the morphological, material, and temporal stakes of these intermedial translations, I show that luxury copies were not derivative substitutes for absent originals, but rather were generative tools of social, artistic, and political identity construction. A central figure in this story is the royal mistress Madame de Pompadour (1721–1764), who was an avid collector of Boucher’s work (and of reproductions after his work), and who reproduced his cameos and intaglios in a limited-edition set of engravings. Through her engravings and decorative installations, Pompadour demonstrated a keen interest in the material processes of transmission and the agency of media. I examine Pompadour’s work and patronage in relation to her political identity as a mediator between the court and the king. Boucher was the perfect collaborator in Pompadour’s project; the material processes of intermedial translation often became the very subject of his work. Boucher’s and Pompadour’s deep investment in the materiality of mediation demands that we revise our understanding of the Rococo “unity of the arts,” which too often is attributed to a dematerialized mobility.

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In recent years the number of the constructed concrete marquees with pathological manifestations has grow in Brazil, and consequences have caused them to be structurally weak, which has generally lead to fatalities. As preventive action, it becomes necessary that the projects and construction thereof be improved in quality, that found pathological causes be corrected to prevent the repetition of the same errors, making sure that there is always a feedback of the system and all necessary maintenance is provided. By project analysis of geometric characteristics of the structure, visual inspection and detailed inspection with appropriate equipments, it can be detected existed anomalies and to made repairs and reinforcement of the structure, or even to indicate it demolition. This work represents the results obtained with the methodological implementation of the use of techniques inspection, norms and regulations that deal with constructed concrete skyways, with concern to guarantee their durability and, consequently, enhanced security for pedestrians. The studies had been carried through in the cities of Bambuí and Uberlândia. In the city of Uberlândia visual inspections of 54 marquees had been made, whereas in the city of Bambuí it became fulfilled visual inspection and inspection detailed in 10 of these structures, being used equipment of rebar locator, ultrasonic testing, measurer of corrosion potential of reinforcing bars and resistivity meter. / Nos últimos anos tem crescido no Brasil, o número de marquises de concreto armado com manifestações patológicas, e conseqüente acidente estrutural, o que tem levado geralmente a vítimas fatais. Para se prevenir destes, faz-se necessário que se projete e construa com qualidade, que se conheçam as causas das patologias encontradas, evitando a repetição dos mesmos erros, fazendo com que haja sempre uma realimentação do sistema e que tenha sempre uma manutenção necessária. Através de análise de projeto, das características geométricas da estrutura, de inspeção visual e inspeção detalhada com equipamentos adequados, poderá detectar-se se existem anomalias e realizar-se operações de recuperação e reforço da estrutura, ou mesmo indicar sua demolição. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos com a utilização de técnicas de inspeção de marquises de concreto armado, com preocupação de garantir a durabilidade desta, e conseqüentemente maior segurança para pedestres. Os estudos foram realizados nas cidades de Bambuí e Uberlândia. Na cidade de Uberlândia foram feitas inspeções visuais em 54 marquises, enquanto que na cidade de Bambuí realizou-se inspeção visual e inspeção detalhada em 10 destas estruturas, sendo utilizados equipamentos de pacometria, ultra-sonografia, medidor de potencial de corrosão e resistivímetro. / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Ce mémoire a pour but de faire une analyse du roman de Choderlos de Laclos Les Liaisons dangereuses et de répondre à quatre questions primordiales, à savoir : -Quelle représentation de l’homme et de la femme apparaît dans le roman de Choderlos de Laclos et quelle est la nature des relations entre les personnages des deux sexes ? - S’agit-il d’une condamnation ou d’une illustration du libertinage ? -Quels ont été les effets moraux de ce livre sur la société du XVIIIème siècle ? -Quelle était l’attitude de l’auteur par rapport aux femmes ? Afin de répondre à ces quatre questions primordiales, nous avons décidé de faire une analyse du roman, mais aussi de nous intéresser à la sociologie de la littérature et plus exactement sur l’horizon d’attente et la réception de l’oeuvre. Nous avons aussi utilisé la correspondance écrite entre Choderlos de Laclos et Mme Riccoboni afin d’établir l’attitude de l’auteur par rapport aux femmes. Pour conclure, nous démontrerons que l’auteur était en avance sur son temps et n’était aucunement misogyne et oeuvrait pour l’amélioration de éducation des femmes. / The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis is to do an analysis of the novel of Choderlos de Laclos Dangerous liaisons and to answer to four important questions: How are men and women depicted in the novel of Choderlos de Laclos and what is the nature of the relations between the characters of both sexes. Is it a condemnation or an illustration and defense of the libertinage ? Which were the moral effects of this novel upon the society of the 18th century ? What was the writer’s attitude towards women ? To answer these four important questions, we have decided to do an analysis of the novel, but also to put the focus on the sociology of literature, more exactly on the horizon of expectation and the reception of the work. We have used the correspondence between M. Choderlos de Laclos and Mrs Riccoboni in order to establish the author’s attitude towards women. In conclusion, we will demonstrate that the writer was advanced for his time and was not a misogynist as he tried to improve the education of women.