This thesis examines the concept of different rules within large multiplayer games, how we play thegames and what leads to different rules within a game. It establishes that rules can be explicit andimplicit, as well as based on digital hard rules, softer rules, such as community or social rules and thatplayers will design and build their own games out of these rules.The thesis performs a case study on World of Warcraft: Classics game mechanic, “World Buffs”.Extremely strong buffs that players set-up logistics and organizational tools to have access to during playsessions. As the game progressed through its 6 phases, it became more and more apparent that to raid, orparticipate in “End-Game” content, players had to collect these world buffs, which was costly, either ingold or time.In this thesis, a set of semi-structured interviews were conducted on a couple of “end-game” raidingguilds, to determine why they used world buffs in this content, what drove them to spent the resources tocollect these world buffs, even with the fragility of them, as well as if they enjoyed this practice or not.Interviewed players were both allowed to answer in public and private forms, to examine if there was asocial pressure to oblige, either way.The thesis found that there were three large themes of players, players who enjoyed world buffs, but hadproblems with implementation, players who used world buffs to save in-game resources in some wayshape or form, and players who felt they had a social obligation to bring world buffs to be allowed toparticipate. There were no players who did not take world buffs that were interviewed and only playerswho felt that they did have a social obligation answered in private.The thesis then discusses these results and what implications this can have for multiplayer design andtries to identify further studies on how we can think when designing multiplayer games in the future. Thethesis concludes that yes, players are bound not only to game rules, but also to social rules while they play these games, sometimes even at the cost of their own enjoyment.

Volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are one of the main sources for zinc, copper, lead, silver and gold in Sweden. The majority of VMS deposits in Sweden are located in the Bergslagen region and the Skellefte district (Fig. 1). The Skellefte district hosts approximately 80 VMS deposits whereas 21 deposits have been mined since 1924 and 6 mines are currently in operation. VMS deposits tend to form more often on the intersection of the normal/reverse and transfer faults since there is an increased conductivity for hydrothermal fluids and increased fluid flow, so a structural interpretation of regional and deposit scale is important for exploration. The alteration patterns and mapped structures observed in the West Maurliden coincide with major structures found in the Skellefte district. Using this data and data from previous authors a general structural evolution of the Maurliden deposit has been constructed which shows the presumed outcome from the early extensional and later compressional stages ongoing in the region. Study of the mineralization shows that there is also the possibility to find mineralized rock within possible low strain blocks which might contain preserved primary textures and structures. A schematic plan view of the structure assemblage in the Skellefte district was established which shows perspective areas for future exploration.

Object of this master’s thesis is accomplished analyze the range of foundry of steel ŽĎAS a.s., Zdar nad Sazavou and make the type massive steel castings and analysis of existing technology foundry and metallurgical defect. The beginning of this master’s thesis is dedicated to the manufacturing of steel foundries range ŽĎAS a.s., Zdar nad Sazavou. The following section is devoted to manufacturing technologies for the production of massive steel castings. In the final part of this thesis are described metallurgical and foundry defects of the typical castings of steel foundry and proposals to eliminate these undesirable defects. End thesis includes a summary of the results and trends in the development of research in the production of massive steel casting.

Objective of diploma thesis is to proceed analysis of actual technology in operational terms for concrete casting of bearing . Constructed by foundry of steel ŽĎAS a.s., Žďár nad Sázavou. After designing changes in technological process accomplish detail evaluation of mechanical properties and chemical homogenity of metal at selected parts of sample casting.

The work deals with the occurrence of cracks and fissures in the massive steel castings produced in the ŽĎAS a.s. foundry which create in castings through the elimination of the extension. The influence on the final deoxidation on the creation of fissures and cracks is researched at the experimental samples. The beginning of the work is about teoretical analysis of these defects. Next it is described the place of the collection of these samples their chemical composition and cracks identification. After that it is evaluated the appearance of various defects in connection with modificatory and deoxidation additive, observation of experimental material with the microscope and the results of mechanical tests. The conclusion of the work belongs to sum up the individual results and proposal of optimal procedure.

The work deals with the determination of the chemical composition and morphology of inclusions in experimental casting foundry in operating conditions as ŽĎAS in compliance with the optimum content appropriate deoxidation depending on the conditions of solidification. The introductory part is devoted to theoretical analysis of possible defects in castings. We also describe the experimental casting, sampling sites and their markings. Subsequently evaluated morphology microanalysis inclusions and the effect of inclusions on the mechanical properties and the formation of defects in the casting. The conclusion summarizes the results and proposal for further direction in the production of heavy steel castings.

This diploma thesis is focused on structural progression of massive wooden structures, requirements to contemporary massive wooden structures, development of carpentry joints and connecting instruments used in constructions and reconstructions of these buildings, and analysis of risks connected with reconstructions of selected historical wooden structures. Another item of this thesis concerns on evaluation of possible risks in particular connecting instruments that are used in massive wooden structures per the FMEA method. The main content of thesis includes a description of selected historical wooden structures, options of their damages, forms of remediation and a description of possible risks and measures in reconstructions. In conclusion the thesis focuses on comparison of historical massive wooden structures and comparable new buildings.

This thesis is dedicated to the field of manufacture of heavy steel castings with resulting properties which are influenced by long solidification time. During the long solidification time a segregation process of additives in the steel occurs which results in numerous metallurgical defects. The work was intended to observe the macrosegregation effects in the wall of a heavy experimental steel casting respectively a part of a real superheavy casting intended for cement furnaces (weight 210 t). The steel casting for the research was manufactured in the joint-stock company of VHM where such heavy castings are commonly produced for the market. The supplied piece of the steel casting was cut into the smaller pieces for the better examination. The examination resulted in information about the casting macrostructure and chemical heterogeneity of chosen elements in the casting wall. The heterogeneity of the chosen elements (C, Mn, Si, Cr, S, P) is clearly shown in the worked out visual concentration maps. Based on the experimental data the measured results of segregations were confronted with the results of segregation modelling with the use of the commercial simulation software ProCAST. It resulted in the conclusion that the prediction of segregations is not in accordance with the reality. Furthermore, the results from the experimental casting are shortly compared with previously manufactured castings of the same type and the results summarizing the found range of macrosegregations of the tested sample are interpreted in the work conclusion.

Massive MU-MIMO (Multiuser-Multiple Input and Multple Output) is a promising technology for 5G wireless communications because of its spectrum and energy efficiency. To combat the distortion from multipath fading channel, the acquisition of channel state information is essential, which generally requires the training signal that lowers the data rate. In addition, coarse quantization can reduce the high computational energy and cost, yet results in the loss of information. In this thesis, an iterative decision feedback receiver, including iterative Channel Estimation (CE) and equalization, is constructed for a Massive MU-MIMO uplink system. The impact of multipath distortion and coarse quantization can be gradually reduced due to the iterative structure that exploits extrinsic feedback to improve the CE and data detection, so that the data rate is improved by reducing training signals for CE and by using low precision quantization. To observe and evaluate the convergence behaviour, an Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart method is utilized to visualize the performance of the iterative receiver. / Graduate

Entrées multiples, sorties multiples (MIMO) massif est considéré comme l'une des technologies clés de la prochaine génération de communications sans fil. Afin d'effectuer des algorithmes de formation de faisceau en liaison descendante (DL) avec un grand réseau d'antennes, le plus grand défi est l'acquisition d'informations précises d'état de canal à l'émetteur (CSIT). Pour relever ce défi, le duplex à division temporelle (TDD) est favorable aux systèmes MIMO massif grâce à sa réciprocité de canal de la DL et la liaison montante (UL). Cependant, alors que le canal physique dans l'air est réciproque, les front-ends de radiofréquence (RF) dans les émetteurs-récepteurs ne le sont pas ; par conséquent, la calibration devrait être utilisée dans des systèmes pratiques pour compenser l'asymétrie matérielle RF. Dans cette thèse, nous nous efforçons de transformer le concept MIMO massif en réalité en utilisant la calibration de la réciprocité TDD. Les contributions peuvent être résumées comme suit. Tout d'abord, nous proposons un cadre unifié pour la calibration de la réciprocité, qui généralise diverses méthodes de calibration existant dans la littérature, offrant une vue supérieure sur le problème de calibration ainsi que l'ouverture de nombreuses innovations sur les méthodes de calibration. Deuxièmement, sur la base de cette représentation générale, nous proposons trois nouveaux schémas de calibration : une méthode de calibration rapide basée sur le groupement d'antennes, un schéma de calibration pour l'architecture hybride de formation de faisceau, ainsi qu'un mécanisme de suivi des paramètres de calibration et de surveillance de la santé du système qui permet une détection rapide du changement de paramètre. Troisièmement, nous avons effectué des mesures des paramètres de calibration sur une plate-forme réelle afin de révéler les propriétés matérielles. Quatrièmement, nous étudions, du point de vue du système, avec quelle précision un système MIMO massif TDD devrait être calibré. Enfin, grâce à la calibration de réciprocité TDD, nous avons construit un banc d’essai pour MIMO massif, qui est compatible avec l'évolution à long terme (LTE) basé sur la plate-forme « open source » OpenAirInterface, et peut directement fournir un service Internet à un appareil commercial. Le banc d'essai démontre la faisabilité d'intégrer le MIMO massif dans les normes actuelles du projet de partenariat de troisième génération (3GPP) et son utilisation dans le 5G peut être une évolution à partir des systèmes 4G actuels. / Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is considered as one of the key technologies that will enable the next generation of wireless communications. In order to perform downlink (DL) beamforming algorithms with large antenna arrays, the biggest challenge is the acquisition of accurate channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). To take up this challenge, time division duplex (TDD) is favorable to massive MIMO systems thanks to its channel reciprocity in DL and uplink (UL). However, while the physical channel in the air is reciprocal, the radio-frequency (RF) front-ends in transceivers are not; therefore, calibration should be used in practical systems to compensate the RF hardware asymmetry. In this thesis, we focus on turning massive MIMO concept into reality based on TDD reciprocity calibration. The contributions can be summarized as follows. First, we propose a unified framework for reciprocity calibration, which generalizes various calibration methods existing in literature, providing a higher level view on the calibration problem as well as opening up possibilities of numerous innovations on calibration methods. Second, based on this general representation, we propose three new calibration schemes: a fast calibration method based on antenna grouping, a calibration scheme for hybrid beamforming architecture, as well as a calibration parameter tracking and system health monitoring mechanism which allows fast detection of parameter change. Third, we carried out measurements of calibration parameters on a real platform in order to reveal the hardware properties. Fourth, we study, from a system point of view, how accurately a TDD massive MIMO system should be calibrated. Last but not least, enabled by TDD reciprocity calibration, we build up an open source long term evolution (LTE) compatible massive MIMO testbed based on the OpenAirInterface platform, which can directly provide Internet service to a commercial device. The testbed demonstrates the feasibility of integrating massive MIMO into current 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards and its usage in 5G can be a smooth evolution from current 4G systems.