Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3157_1.pdf: 3737373 bytes, checksum: 7ca491f9a72f2e9cf51764a7acac3e3c (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta dissertação introduz uma estrutura de dados baseada em gride implementada em GPU. Ela foi desenvolvida para pesquisa dos vizinhos mais próximos em nuvens de pontos dinâmicas, de uma forma massivamente paralela. A implementação possui desempenho em tempo real e é executada em GPU, ambas construção do gride e pesquisas dos vizinhos mais próximos (exatos e aproximados). Dessa forma, a transferência de memória entre sistema e dispositivo é minimizada, aumentando o desempenho de uma forma geral. O algoritmo proposto pode ser usado em diferentes aplicações com cenários estáticos ou dinâmicos. Além disso, a estrutura de dados suporta nuvens de pontos tridimensionais e dada sua natureza dinâmica, o usuário pode mudar seus parâmetros em tempo de execução. O mesmo se aplica ao número de vizinhos pesquisados. Uma referência em CPU foi implementada e comparações de desempenho justificam o uso de GPUs como processadores massivamente paralelos. Em adição, o desempenho da estrutura de dados proposta é comparada com implementações em CPU e GPU de trabalhos anteriores. Finalmente, uma aplicação de renderização baseada em pontos foi desenvolvida de forma a verificar o potencial da estrutura de dados

Orientador: Orlando Luis Goulart Peres. / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T10:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BastoGonzalez_VictorSaul_M.pdf: 1541009 bytes, checksum: b798dea659147d5050c68800d40ceb0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Com este trabalho buscamos entender o fenômeno de oscilações de neutrinos na matéria. Para isto, estudamos a propagação de neutrinos em Supernovas. O estudo é feito nestes objetos astrofísicos, pois são produzidos neutrinos de todos os sabores quando a estrela progenitor da Supernova é muito massiva. Além de isto, estes corpos celestes atingem densidades muito maiores que a densidade solar. Uma razão adicional muito importante é que os neutrinos são mensageiros ideais e poderão ser observados antes mesmo da observação óptica da explosão de Supernova, assim eles podem fornecer informação sobre os processo que levam à formação de Supernova. Para fazer esse estudo consideramos os valores atuais dos parâmetros de oscilações de neutrinos e um perfil de densidade para a matéria da estrela moribunda. Encontramos que os neutrinos experimentam o efeito Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) em dois regimes de densidades diferentes. A existência destas regiões dependerá da hierarquia nas massas dos neutrinos e se é partícula/antipartícula. Encontramos que para no caso de antineutrinos eletrônicos o fluxo na Terra dependerá do tipo de hierarquia e do valor do ângulo de mistura q13, esse ângulo de mistura modificará o tipo de transição pela zona de ressonância de densidades altas na Supernova. Encontramos que o número de eventos, para esses antineutrinos, è diferente se a hierarquia na massa é normal ou invertida. A diferença é mais notória se a luminosidade em neutrinos não está equipartida. Também encontramos que o número de eventos no detector Super-Kamiokande dependerá do tipo de propagação na região mais interna de Supernova para hierarquia invertida e caso q 13 10-3 , podemos ter informação sobre esses ângulo de mistura caso conseguiremos diferenciar o espectro sem oscilação e com oscilação induzido por efeito puramente adiabático. Neste estudo não tivemos em conta o efeito da matéria na Terra. / Abstract: In this work we study the behaviour of the neutrino oscillations in the matter. To do so, we studied the propagation of neutrinos in Supernovae. The study is done on this astrophysical objects because there are produced all avor of neutrinos when the Supernova progenitor star is very massive. Moreover, this celestial bodies reach much higher densities than the solar density. An additional and very important reason to study neutrinos in Supernova is because neutrinos are ideal messengers, thus they could be detected even before of the optical observation of the Supernova explosion. We considered the updated oscillation parameter values for neutrinos and a density profile of the matter in the dying star. Also, we consider that in the neutrino propagation in a medium it is modified by the medium density, being known as Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. The existence of regions in which the MSW effect is very relevant will depend on the mass hierarchy of the neutrinos/antineutrinos and if they are neutrinos or antineutrinos. We found in the case of anti electron neutrinos that the ux in the Earth will depend on the type of hierarchy and on the value of the mixing angle q 13, that angle will modify the kind of transition in the resonance zone in the regime of high densities in the Supernova. We calculated the number of events for those antineutrinos and we have found that the value depend if the mass hierarchy is normal or inverted. The difference is even more evident if the total luminosity of the neutrinos is not equally distributed between the all neutrino avors. Finally, we also found that the number of events in the Super-Kamiokande detector will depend on the propagation in the Supernova inner region for the inverted hierarchy and when the mixture angle q 13 10-3. In this study we will not consider the Earth¿s matter effect. / Mestrado / Física das Particulas Elementares e Campos / Mestre em Física

To meet the urgent demand of high-speed data rate and to support large number of users, the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is becoming one of the most promising candidates for the next generation wireless communications, namely the 5G. To realize the full potential of massive MIMO, it is necessary to have the channel state information (CSI) (partially) available at the transmitter. Hence, an efficient channel estimation is one of the key enablers and also critical challenges for 5G communications. Dealing with such problems, this dissertation investigates the design of efficient pilot-data transmission pattern and channel estimation in massive MIMO for both multipair relaying and peer-to-peer systems. Firstly, this dissertation proposes a pilot-data transmission overlay scheme for multipair MIMO relaying systems employing either half- or full-duplex (HD or FD) communications at the relay station (RS). In the proposed scheme, pilots are transmitted in partial overlap with data to decrease the channel estimation overhead. The RS can detect the source data by exploiting the asymptotic orthogonality of massive MIMO channels. Due to the transmission overlay, the effective data period is extended, hence improving system throughput. Both theoretical and simulation results verify that the proposed pilot-data overlay scheme outperforms the conventional separate pilot-data design in the limited coherence interval scenario. Moreover, a power allocation problem is formulated to properly adjust the transmission power of source data transmission and relay data forwarding which further improves the system performance. Additionally, this dissertation proposes and analyzes an efficient HD decode-and-forward (DF) scheme, named sum decode-and-forward (SDF), with the physical layer network coding (PNC) in the multipair massive MIMO two-way relaying system. As comparison, a joint decode-and-forward (JDF) scheme applied to the multipair massive MIMO relaying is also proposed and investigated. In the SDF scheme, a half number of pilots are saved compared to the JDF scheme which in turn increases the spectral efficiency of the system. Both the theoretical analyses and numerical results verifies such superiority of the SDF scheme. Further, the power efficiency of the proposed schemes is also investigated. Simulation results show that the signal transmission power can be rapidly reduced if the massive antenna arrays are equipped on the RS and the required data transmission power can further decrease if the training power is fixed. Finally, this dissertation investigates the general channel estimation problem in the massive MIMO system which employs the hybrid analog/digital precoding structure with limited radio-frequency (RF) chains. By properly designing RF combiners and performing multiple trainings, the performance of the proposed channel estimation can approach that of full-chain estimations depending on the degree of channel spatial correlation and the number of RF chains which is verified by simulation results in terms of both mean square error (MSE) and spectral efficiency. Moreover, a covariance matching method is proposed to obtain channel correlation in practice and the simulation verifies its effectiveness by evaluating the spectral efficiency performance in parametric channel models. / Graduate / 0537 / 0544 / leyuanpan@gmail.com

Globalisation is an inescapable fact. National economies are no longer immune to external influences and cannot be insulated from global effects. South African construction companies globalise as a result of expansion, diversification, deepening of trade and to eliminate the cyclical nature of the construction market within South Africa. A literature review revealed the following risks for South African construction companies when globalising into Southern Africa: competition from other international construction companies, the lack of political stability in the region, fraud and corruption, conflicting cultures of varying regions, the impact of foreign exchange, under-researched and documented industries and lack of quality assurance and the impact of HIV/AIDS amongst other risks. In contrast, funding and foreign aid, the superior management capability and information technology that South African construction companies possess, the opportunities to form associations and joint ventures with other construction companies to access markets and the possibility of advance payments are amongst the opportunities that can be exploited in the Southern African region. Sub-Saharan Africa is viewed as one of the world's poorest and under-developed regions. The region has alarming HIV/AIDS infection rates prevalent. However, it is a region rich in natural resources and tourism potential. The countries analysed in this treatise for the risks and potential opportunities for South African construction companies are: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. A common trend, such as, political instability, under-developed infrastructure, massive housing, educational and health facility needs, ample supply of unskilled and semi-skilled labour and a high dependency on foreign aid is dominant in most Southern African countries. Conversely, opportunities exist to upgrade infrastructure, address the massive housing, schools and hospitals need, exploitation of tourism potential and the ability to form joint ventures with local construction companies in an attempt to transfer skills, share risks and overcome cultural barriers. Interviews with representatives of leading construction companies emphasised risks such as late and non-payment, logistics, foreign exchange fluctuations, culture differences (including language disparity), bureaucracy, health of workforce and labour productivity. With very few exceptions, most respondents had similar views on risks perceived in particular countries. Interviewees highlighted opportunities such as higher returns, access to larger markets, earning foreign exchange, the region's need for housing, schools and hospitals, availability of donor and foreign aid, superior management capabilities of South African contractors, reconstruction and rehabilitation of dilapidated buildings and tourism demand. With very few exceptions, most respondents had similar views on opportunities perceived in particular countries. In terms of risks, opportunities and statistical data, the countries were ranked as follows, with first being most favourable and the last mentioned as least favourable: Botswana, Namibia, Mozambique, Swaziland, Angola, Lesotho, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi. A way forward is presented by means of "words of advice" and rules of thumb from the representatives of the leading construction companies in South Africa who have already tested the waters. / Thesis (MSc (Project Management))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Construction Economics / unrestricted

Many young, massive stars are found in close binaries. Using population synthesis simulations. we predict the likelihood of a companion star being present when these massive stars end their lives as core-collapse supernovae (SNe). We focus on stripped-envelope SNe, whose progenitors have lost their outer hydrogen and possibly helium layers before explosion. We use these results to interpret new Hubble Space Telescope observations of the site of the broad-lined Type. Ic SN 2002ap, 14 years post-explosion. For a subsolar metallicity consistent with SN 2002ap, we expect a main-sequence (MS) companion present in about two thirds of all stripped-envelope SNe and a compact companion (likely a stripped helium star or a white dwarf/neutron star/black hole) in about 5% of cases. About a quarter of progenitors are single at explosion (originating from initially single stars, mergers, or disrupted systems). All of the latter scenarios require a massive progenitor, inconsistent with earlier studies of SN 2002ap. Our new, deeper upper limits exclude the presence of an MS companion star > 8-10 M., ruling out about 40% of all stripped-envelope SN channels. The most likely scenario for SN 2002ap includes nonconservative binary interaction of a primary star initially. 23 M.. Although unlikely (< 1% of the scenarios), we also discuss the possibility of an exotic reverse merger channel for broadlined Type. Ic events. Finally, we explore how our results depend on the metallicity and the model assumptions and discuss how additional searches for companions can constrain the physics that govern. the evolution of SN progenitors.

The Rävliden North deposit (Rävliden N) is a volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit in the western part of the Skellefte district, northern Sweden. The district is one of Sweden’s major metallogenic provinces with a significant amount of VMS deposits. The Rävliden N deposit, discovered in 2011, contains copper, zinc, lead, silver and subordinate gold and occurs close to the largest VMS deposit in the district, the Kristineberg deposit, which has been mined for more than 70 years. The purpose of this master thesis is to study the composition, mineralogy and paragenetic relationships in different types of sulphide mineralization from the Rävliden N deposit. Emphasis is placed on characterizing the distribution and paragenetic relationships of silver-bearing minerals. The methods include core logging, sampling and mineralogical studies through light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative evaluation of mineralogy by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN). Lastly, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) was used to determine the chemical composition of silver-bearing minerals and sulphides. Mineralization types studied include 1: the main massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization, 2: stratigraphically underlying stringer mineralization and 3: local, vein- and/or fault-hosted silver-rich mineralization in the stratigraphic hanging wall. The massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization is dominated by sphalerite with lesser galena and pyrrhotite. In contrast, the stringer mineralization is dominated by chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The major minerals show evidence of a coeval formation and textural as well as structural evidence suggest that ductile deformation has affected the mineralization types. Notable evidence includes ball-ore textures, accumulation of minerals in pressure shadows and brittle fracturing of competent arsenopyrite and pyrite porphyroblasts and infilling by more incompetent sulphide minerals. The silver-bearing minerals identified are commonly spatially associated with galena and the major species is freibergite ((Ag,Cu,Fe)12(Sb,As)4S13), which also occur as inclusions in chalcopyrite mainly in the stringer mineralization. The stringer mineralization also contains notable amounts of hessite (Ag2Te). Notably, galena, pyrrhotite, freibergite and other sulphosalt minerals are commonly accumulated in pressure shadows near host rock fragments in the massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization. The only gold-bearing mineral identified in this study is electrum (Au, Ag) in the stringer mineralization. The hanging wall mineralization locally comprises faulted and/or sheared massive sulphide mineralization which is compositionally similar to the main massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization, besides a significantly higher content of freibergite. However, parts of the hanging wall mineralization are entirely dominated by sulphides and sulphosalts of silver, such as pyrargyrite (Ag3SbS3), pyrostilpnite (Ag3SbS3), argentopyrite (AgFe2S4), sternbergite (AgFe2S3) and stephanite (Ag5SbS4). These occur in structurally late settings, which along with consideration of their temperature stabilities suggest a late origin. Since the silver-bearing minerals in the massive to semi-massive sulphide mineralization and the two varieties of hanging wall mineralization contains the same metals, the mineralization in the hanging wall may have formed by late-stage remobilization of ore components from the underlying Rävliden N deposit. This negates the need for multiple mineralization events to explain the local silver-enriched zones in the hanging wall. The paragenetically late mineralization types contains high content of Ag-bearing minerals in relation to base metal sulphides. This suggests that remobilisation processes were important for locally upgrading the Ag-content.

The Glacier Creek volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit is hosted within Late Triassic, oceanic back-arc or intra-arc, rift-related, bimodal volcanic rocks (Hyd or Tats Group) of the allochthonous Alexander terrane known as the Alexander Triassic Metallogenic Belt (ATMB). The deposit presently consists of four tabular massive sulfide lenses with a resource of 4.75 Mt. at 1.84% Cu, 4.57% Zn, 0.15% Pb, 0.28 g/t Au and 29.07 g/t Ag. A deposit-scale thrust fault offsets stratigraphy along the axial surface of a deposit-scale anticline. The massive sulfide lenses are barite-rich and are divided into 6 main ore-types based on mineral assemblages. There is a large range of sphalerite compositions, with low-Fe sphalerite dominant throughout the lenses and high-Fe sphalerite at the top and bottom of the lenses in pyrrhotite-rich zones. Lenses contain anomalous Sb, Hg and Tl. Gangue minerals include barite, quartz, barian-muscovite, calcite, albite, highly subordinate chlorite and locally hyalophane and celsian. Overlying massive sulfide is a tuffaceous hydrothermal sediment with anomalous REE patterns and local hyalophane. The general footwall to all four lenses is a thick unit of coherent to volcaniclastic feldspar-phyric basalt containing extensive lateral alteration. Four alteration facies are recognized based on mineral assemblages. Mass balance calculations for the footwall indicate general gains of S, Fe, Si and K with coincident loss of Ca, Na and Mg, along with trace element gains of Tl, Sb, Hg, Ba, Zn, Cu, As and loss of Sr with increased alteration intensity. Short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy shows a general decrease in Na, K and Al content of muscovite and increase of Fe+Mg and Ba content towards ore. Integrated petrographic, mineral, chemical and sulfur-isotope data suggest a transition during deposit formation, from high-temperature, acidic, reduced hydrothermal fluids mixing with oxidized, SO4-rich seawater, to later cooler, low fO2-fS2 conditions of formation and a lack of SO4 in seawater.

The giant Kidd Creek Mine is an Archean Cu-Zn-Ag deposit in the Abitibi Greenstone belt, located in the Superior Province of Canada and is one of the largest known base metal massive sulfide mines in the world with a tonnage of 170.7 Mt (Past production, Resource and Reserve). The massive sulfides in Mine D comprise a number of ore lenses that are interpreted to be the downplunge continuation of the Central orebody from the upper mine. These are referred to as the West, Main, and South lenses. The massive sulfides overlie a silicified rhyolitic unit at the top of a mixed assemblage of rhyolite flows, volcaniclastic sediments and ultramafic flows. The sheared nature of the fragmental units in the hanging wall of the deposit, at depth, illustrates the greater deformation that has occurred than in the upper mine. Metal zonation and the distribution of Cu stringer mineralization suggest that the West and Main lenses may be part of a single massive sulfide body (Main orebody) that has been structurally dismembered. The South Lens is a detached body, separated by late faults. The large Cu stringer zone beneath the West and Main lenses has a thickness of up to 150 metres, and is much broader and structurally remobilized in Mine D partially due to a newly identified series of vertically trending offset faults, that extends along the entire length of the massive sulfide bodies. A number of features of the North, Central and South orebodies in the upper part of the mine (e.g., Se-rich halo around Cu-rich zones) have been recognized in Mine D and provide an important framework for correlating the deep orebodies with the upper levels of the mine. Drilling below the current mine levels indicates that the massive sulfide and Cu stringer zones continue below 10,200 feet (3109 m) and highlight the remarkable continuity of the deposit downplunge with no end in sight. Two main ore suites have been recognized in the upper part of the mine and in Mine D: a low-temperature, polymetallic assemblage of Zn, Ag, Pb, Cd, Sn, Sb, As, Hg, ±Tl, ±W, and a higher-temperature suite of Cu, Co, As, Bi, Se, In, ±Ni. More than 25 different ore minerals and ore-related gangue minerals are present, including Co-As-sulfides, Cu-Sn-sulfides, Ag-minerals, and selenides. The massive ores consist mainly of pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, magnetite and chalcopyrite, together with minor galena, tetrahedrite, arsenopyrite, and native silver with a quartz and siderite gangue. Despite the high Ag content of the ores, the majority of the massive sulfides are remarkably Au poor except for a local gold zone that has been recognized in the deep mine in association with high-temperature mineralization. The trace elements in the ores exhibit strong zonation and diverse mineralogy. Spectacular albite porphyroblasts, up to 1 cm in size occur in the most Cu-rich ores of Mine D which are coincident with the peak of regional metamorphism and likely represent higher metamorphic or hydrothermal temperatures. Overall the orebodies have remained remarkably similar downplunge. However, unlike the upper part of the mine, pyrrhotite is dominantly hexagonal, only tetrahedrite was observed as the dominant sulfosalt, and magnetite occurs as both blebby porphyroblasts and as abundant intergrowths with sphalerite-chalcopyrite ores and siderite. These characteristics suggest that the deep mine has been subjected to higher metamorphic temperatures, possibly related to depth of burial, and that the original hydrothermal fluids may of had a lower H2S/CO2 and/or higher temperatures.

The goal of this Thesis is not only a plain description of common characteristics of Massive Multiplayer Online Games (their sorting and conditions on where they run are included), but also their integration to the wider phenomenon -- to cyberspace. Cyberspace reference is present in all recommendations and game specifics. Cyberspace is it`s base ingredient, the authority, to which all those parts are revoking to. And here it comes our second and main goal. The need of integration of players to that virtual world. To seek her desires, her true nature. That maybe done by describing various game devices and methods of connecting users of those devices to the cyberspace, let alone by expanding reader`s horizons to places, not known to her. All that is lead by one effort -- that the person, who will read that Thesis carefully, will be able to answer the question, if players get exactly what they need. And she`ll be able to do that before reading to the end.

No description available.