Technologies laser pour l’élaboration de matériaux carbonés pour microsystèmes analytiques environnementaux. Pas de résumé en français fourni / Amorphous carbon nitride (a-CzN) material has attractor much attention in research and development. Recently, it has become a more promising electrode material than conventional carbon based electrodes in electrochemical and biosensor applications. Nitrogen containing amorphous carbon (a-C:N) thin films have been synthesized by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition (fs-PLD) coupled with plasma assistance through Direct Current (DC) bias power supply. During the deposition process, various nitrogen pressures (0 to 50 Pa) and DC bias (0 to -350 V) were used in order to explore a wide range of nitrogen content into the film. The structure and chemical composition of the films have been studied by using Multi-wavelength (MW) Roman spectroscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTBM). The surface morphology has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Increasing the nitrogen pressure or adding a DC bias induced an increase of the N content, up to 28 at.%. Nitrogen content increase induces a higher sp2 character of the film. However DC bias has been found to increase the film structmal disorder, which was detrimental to the electrochemical properties. Indeed the electrochemical measurern-ts, investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), demonstrated that the a-CzNfilms show better electron transfer kinetics, reversibility and excellent reproducibility than the pure a-C films. Electrochemical grafting from diazoniurn salts was successfully achieved on this film, with a surface coverage of covalently bonded molecules close to the dense packed monolayer of ferrocene

Les applications des nanoparticules métalliques nécessitent des assemblées monodisperses et stables sur un substrat tel que le graphène ou le graphite. Le graphène épitaxié sur métal (GEM) est étudié, car il facilite l'auto-organisation des adsorbats. La différence entre les mailles du graphène et du métal conduit à un effet de moiré contenant certaines régions favorables de l'adsorption. Ce travail est consacré surtout aux systèmes Ru-C et Pt-C où nous nous sommes intéressé au substrat du GEM nu, des agrégats y etant deposés et des agrégats métalliques sur graphite. Les potentiels d'ordre de liason permettent de mener des études en dynamique moléculaire sur des systèmes de taille réaliste à température finie. Dans le cas du système Pt-C une paramétrisation est disponible dans la littérature. Cependant, pour le système du Ru-C une paramétrisation sur la base de données DFT était nécessaire. Ce modèle atomistique néglige les forces de dispersion importantes pour des milieux étendus. Basé sur les modèles de Grimme, nous avons développé une description implicite tenant compte de la structure du substrat et son extension semi-infinie. De plus les effets d'écrantage importants pour des milieux métalliques sont pris en compte. Basé sur ce champ de force nous montrons des propriétés des adsorbats sur des substrats carbonés où nous évaluons le modèle de forces de dispersion. Grâce à des simulations de dynamique moléculaire, la stabilité des adsorbats et du graphène a été étudié dans le contexte de la dynamique vibrationnelle et de diffusion. En accord avec les expériences, la mobilité des adsorbats sur graphite s'avère élevée en comparaison avec des adsorbats sur GEM / Applications of metal nanoparticles require monodisperse and stable assemblies on a substrate such as graphene or graphite. Epitaxial graphene on metal (GOM) has attracted research interest because it contributes to the self-organisation of adsorbates. The difference in the lattice constants of graphene and metal leads to a moiré that contains certain regions that are favorable for adsorption. This work is mainly concerned with the Ru-C and Pt-C systems where we were interested in the bare substrate of GOM, adsorbates deposited thereon and metal clusters on graphite. Bond order potentials allow to carry out molecular dynamics studies for systems of realistic size and at finite temperature. In the case of the Pt-C, a parametrization is available in the literature. However, for Ru-C systems a custom parametrization effort based on data from electronic structure calculations was necessary. This atomistic model neglects long ranged dispersion forces that are important for adsorption phenomena on extended substrates. Based on the Grimme models, we developed an implicit description that takes the layered structure and the semi-infinite extension of the substrate into account. Also, screening effects that are important for metal materials are taken into account. Based on this force field, we show results concerning the properties of adsorbates on carbon substrates while evaluating the dispersion model. With the help of molecular dynamics simulations, the stability of adsorbates and graphene has been studied in the context of vibrational and diffusion dynamics. In agreement with experiments, the mobility of the adsorbates on graphite is high in comparison with adsorbates on GOM