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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Aplicação da espectroscopia fotoacústica na determinação da temperatura de transição vítrea de polímeros / Photoacoustic spectroscopy applied to glass transition temperature determination of polymers

Talita Zanon Guzzo 23 February 2010 (has links)
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A espectroscopia fotoacústica (PAS) é uma técnica não destrutiva e muito utilizada na caracterização óptica e térmica de materiais. Ela é baseada no efeito fotoacústico que consiste, basicamente, na absorção de onda eletromagnética modulada e na geração de calor no interior do material em estudo (amostra), via processo de desexcitação não-radiativa. Dentre as muitas aplicações relacionadas à caracterização de materiais, recentemente, a técnica PAS vem sendo desenvolvida para estudos de transição de fase de segunda ordem. Entretanto, poucos trabalhos são encontrados na literatura com relação à aplicação da técnica PAS ao estudo da transição vítrea. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é o de aplicar a técnica PAS na determinação da temperatura de transição vítrea de materiais poliméricos, de uma maneira inovadora com relação à célula fotoacústica e ao sistema de aquecimento. Para isso foi projetada e construída uma célula fotoacústica que possibilita a variação de temperatura da amostra, sem afetar a curva de resposta do microfone. Foi desenvolvido um sistema de aquecimento baseado no efeito Peltier, possibilitando fazer rampas de subida de temperatura, com várias velocidades, da temperatura ambiente até 130 C, de forma linear. Todo o aparato experimental foi testado e aplicado em várias amostras poliméricas: poliamida 6.0 (Nylon); poliestireno (PS-n1921 e PS-n2380); e poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET). Os resultados obtidos foram: para o Nylon, ; para o PS-n1921, ; para o PS-n2380, ; e para o PET, . Estes resultados estão de acordo com os respectivos valores da temperatura de transição vítrea encontrados na literatura e mostram a potencialidade da técnica PAS ao estudo da transição vítrea de materiais poliméricos. / Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a non-destructive technique and it has been largely applied to the thermal and optical characterization of materials. PAS technique is based on the photoacoustic effect which consist, basically, absorption of a modulated electromagnetic radiation and generation of heat inside of the material studied (sample), by a nonradiative deexcitation processes. Nowadays, among many PAS applications, effort are carried out to apply PAS technique for second-order phase transitions. However, only a few works can be found in the literature about glass transition studies with PAS technique. In this context, the main goal of this work is to apply PAS technique to determine glass transition temperature of the polymeric materials, based on the new photoacoustic cell configuration and on the new heating system. In this way, a photoacoustic cell was builted up for monitoring temperature variation of the sample, where the performance of the microphone was not affected. A heating system was developed based on the Peltier effect, in such way that it is possible to scan the temperature from the environment one up to 130 C, linearly at several speeds. The experimental apparatus was tested and applied to some polymeric materials: polyamide 6.0 (Nylon); polystyrene (PS-n1921 e PS-n2380); and poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET). The results obtained were: Nylon, ; PS-n1921, ; PS-n2380, ; and PET, . These results are in a good agreement with the respective values of glass transition temperature found in the literature and show the PAS technique potentiality for glass transition studies in polymeric materials.
52

Aplicação da espectroscopia fotoacústica na determinação da temperatura de transição vítrea de polímeros / Photoacoustic spectroscopy applied to glass transition temperature determination of polymers

Talita Zanon Guzzo 23 February 2010 (has links)
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A espectroscopia fotoacústica (PAS) é uma técnica não destrutiva e muito utilizada na caracterização óptica e térmica de materiais. Ela é baseada no efeito fotoacústico que consiste, basicamente, na absorção de onda eletromagnética modulada e na geração de calor no interior do material em estudo (amostra), via processo de desexcitação não-radiativa. Dentre as muitas aplicações relacionadas à caracterização de materiais, recentemente, a técnica PAS vem sendo desenvolvida para estudos de transição de fase de segunda ordem. Entretanto, poucos trabalhos são encontrados na literatura com relação à aplicação da técnica PAS ao estudo da transição vítrea. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é o de aplicar a técnica PAS na determinação da temperatura de transição vítrea de materiais poliméricos, de uma maneira inovadora com relação à célula fotoacústica e ao sistema de aquecimento. Para isso foi projetada e construída uma célula fotoacústica que possibilita a variação de temperatura da amostra, sem afetar a curva de resposta do microfone. Foi desenvolvido um sistema de aquecimento baseado no efeito Peltier, possibilitando fazer rampas de subida de temperatura, com várias velocidades, da temperatura ambiente até 130 C, de forma linear. Todo o aparato experimental foi testado e aplicado em várias amostras poliméricas: poliamida 6.0 (Nylon); poliestireno (PS-n1921 e PS-n2380); e poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET). Os resultados obtidos foram: para o Nylon, ; para o PS-n1921, ; para o PS-n2380, ; e para o PET, . Estes resultados estão de acordo com os respectivos valores da temperatura de transição vítrea encontrados na literatura e mostram a potencialidade da técnica PAS ao estudo da transição vítrea de materiais poliméricos. / Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a non-destructive technique and it has been largely applied to the thermal and optical characterization of materials. PAS technique is based on the photoacoustic effect which consist, basically, absorption of a modulated electromagnetic radiation and generation of heat inside of the material studied (sample), by a nonradiative deexcitation processes. Nowadays, among many PAS applications, effort are carried out to apply PAS technique for second-order phase transitions. However, only a few works can be found in the literature about glass transition studies with PAS technique. In this context, the main goal of this work is to apply PAS technique to determine glass transition temperature of the polymeric materials, based on the new photoacoustic cell configuration and on the new heating system. In this way, a photoacoustic cell was builted up for monitoring temperature variation of the sample, where the performance of the microphone was not affected. A heating system was developed based on the Peltier effect, in such way that it is possible to scan the temperature from the environment one up to 130 C, linearly at several speeds. The experimental apparatus was tested and applied to some polymeric materials: polyamide 6.0 (Nylon); polystyrene (PS-n1921 e PS-n2380); and poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET). The results obtained were: Nylon, ; PS-n1921, ; PS-n2380, ; and PET, . These results are in a good agreement with the respective values of glass transition temperature found in the literature and show the PAS technique potentiality for glass transition studies in polymeric materials.
53

SCALABLE MANUFACTURING OF PRINTED APTASENSORS: DETECTION OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS

Lixby Susana Diaz (8464110) 21 June 2022 (has links)
<p>The development of low-cost, and reliable platforms for on-site detection of pathogenic agents, and toxic environmental traces is still a critical need for real-time monitoring of potential environmental pollution and imminent outbreaks. The biosensors market is projected to attain 31.5 billion by 2024. In this landscape, colorimetric and electrochemical devices continue to have significant relevance, with paper-based platforms leading the point-of-care (POC) segment for pathogen detection and environmental monitoring.</p> <p>Despite the true potential of biosensors in general, they have witnessed a slow rate in commercialization, mainly due to cost restrictions, and concerns related to their reliability and repeatability once scaled-up. This research evaluates the implementation of printing techniques as a strong approach for the fabrication of paper-based and flexible electrochemical biosensors. The results obtained demonstrated the ability to control and predict the variables affecting the sensing performance, achieving high precision of the printing parameters, and allowing optimization, and iterations since very early stages of prototype development.</p> <p>Besides the novel fabrication approach, this work introduces the use of truncated aptameric DNA sequences for whole cell detection of E. coli O157:H7 and heavy metals (Hg2+ and As3+), providing evidence of high stability and robustness under harsh conditions. Results obtained demonstrate their equal or even superior performance when compared to antibodies.</p> <p>We established the use of aptamer-functionalized multilayered label particles (PEI-grafted gold decorated polystyrene) with high stability as label particles. These particles address the well known drawback of non-selective aggregation typical of traditional naked Gold nanoparticles. The outstanding stability of these multilayered labels was demonstrated when used in an enhanced version of the lateral flow assay for detection of E. coli O157:H7 (state of the art for paper-based colorimetric detection of whole cell bacteria), and in a multiplexed paper-based microfluidic device for dual detection of Mercury and Arsenic. This work sets the foundation of the development of a next generation of health care and environmental monitoring devices that are portable, sensitive, quantitative, and can reliably detect multiple targets with one single test.</p>

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