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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Perceptions of pregnant women on reasons for late initiation of antenatal care in Nkwen Baptist Health Center, North West Region, Cameroon

Warri, Denis January 2018 (has links)
Magister Public Health - MPH / Background: Antenatal care serves as a key entry point for a pregnant woman to receive a broad range of services and should be initiated at the onset of pregnancy (WHO, 2016). Cameroon has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world (UNICEF, 2016). The majority of pregnant women in Cameroon initiate antenatal care after the first trimester (Njim, 2016). Most studies on initiation of antenatal care in Cameroon have not explored in greater depth the reasons why most of the pregnant women initiate antenatal care late. Methodology: The aim of the study is to understand the reasons why pregnant women initiate antenatal care late in Nkwen Baptist Health Center, North West Region, Cameroon. It is an exploratory study and applied purposive sampling to recruit eighteen pregnant women and three key informants for data collection through individual interviews. Pregnant women who initiated antenatal care after the first trimester were recruited during antenatal care clinics and interviewed in a room at the antenatal care unit. Key informants were midwives working at the antennal care unit. Participation in the study was voluntary. Participants were explained the purpose of the study and signed a consent form if they were willing to participate in the research. Participation in the research did not inhibit the respondent’s access to care. Data was collected using an audio tape and analyzed using Thematic Coding Analysis (TCA) to identify recurring themes that emerged from the data to adequately describe the perceptions of respondents on the reasons for late initiation of antenatal care.
32

Mortalidade materna: análise das causas múltiplas no contexto de sua responsabilidade e evitabilidade, no município de São Paulo / Maternal mortality: analysis of multiple causes in the context of their responsibility and avoidability, in the city of São Paulo

Victor Alberto Gonzales Almeyda 25 September 1995 (has links)
As informações sobre mortalidade materna constituem uma importante fonte de dados para estudos epidemiológicos, demográficos e para o planejamento, gerência, vigilância e avaliação das múltiplas intervenções intersetoriais, desde os níveis mais simples até os mais complexos, na perspectiva de reivindicar os direitos das mulheres à vida no mundo e entre elas o direito à maternidade segura. O presente trabalho discute as causas múltiplas de morte materna, isto é, as causas básicas segundo a 9a Rev. e 10a Rev. da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) e as causas associadas, verificando o número de diagnósticos, sua tabulação e associações de causas, segundo a 10a Rev., nos atestados de óbito refeitos baseados em informações obtidas prospectivamente de quatro fontes: - atestado de óbito obtido no Programa de Aprimoramento das Informações em Mortalidade no Municfpio de São Paulo (PRO-AIM), - entrevistas domiciliares, - prontuários hospitalares e - laudos de necropsia dos Serviços de Verificação de Óbito (SVO) e Instituto de Medicina Legal (IML), quando disponíveis. Assim, mostram-se as características epidemiológicas e analisam-se os fatores de responsabilidade e evitabilidade das mortes de mães residentes e ocorridas no Município de São Paulo-Brasil, no perrodo de 01 de dezembro de 1993 até 31 de maio de 1994. ed 31.224 atestados de óbito revisados, foram registrados 2.286 casos de óbitos de mulheres de 10-49 anos e 37 casos de morte materna, registrados pelo PRO-AIM/9a Rev.-CID. Encontramos, após o estudo, 52 casos de morte materna/9a Rev., e 69 casos/10a Rev., portanto ocorrendo uma morte materna a cada 3,5 dias/ 9a Rev.-CID e a cada 2,6 dias/10a Rev.-CID· Resultando em um coeficiente de morte materna de 48,04 x 100.000 nascidos vivos. Das causas básicas em ambas Revisões-CID, verificaram-se: 60,9 por cento mortes maternas obstétricas diretas (MMOD), das quais: 1)- abortos 23,8 por cento ; destes 60,0 por cento provocados; 2)- hemorragias 21,4 por cento ; destas, 55,5 por cento hemorragias pós-parto; 3)- outras causas diretas 21,4 por cento ; compreenderam embolias, complicações anestésicas e cirúrgicas; 4)- transtornos hipertensivos 19,0 por cento ; destes 50,0 por cento foram eclâmpsias e 5)- infecções 14,3 por cento ; predominaram as infecções puerperais. As mortes maternas obstétricas indiretas (MMOI), 14,5 por cento , predominaram as cardiovasculares. Com a 10a Rev., nas mortes maternas não obstétricas (MMNO), 13,0 por cento , predominaram os acidentes de trânsito 66,7 por cento , seguidos por homicídios e suicídio. As mortes maternas tardias (MTT), 11,4 por cento , com predomínio da Sindrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) 75,0 por cento , seguida de Diabetes mellitus e Coriocarcinoma. A concordância foi de 42,3 por cento das causas básicas das mortes maternas obstétricas (MMO), entre atestados originais(AO) e atestados refeitos (AR) pela 9a Rev. (três algarismos) e de 36,4 por cento pela 10a Rev. (três caracteres). Esta diferença é explicada pelo incremento de caracteres no Cap. XI/10a Rev. e a concordância do total de mortes maternas (MM)/10a Rev. é 36,2 por cento . A média de diagnósticos nos atestados originais (AO) foi 2,9, verificando-se diminuição em relação à dos anos anteriores e 6,8 por atestado refeito (AR). Discute-se a necessidade de se incrementar uma linha adicional (d) na I Parte do atestado de óbito. Para as mortes maternas (MM), foram encontradas as causas associadas: 1-Causas terminais: 1 a- Cap. X-Doenças do Aparelho Respiratório 47,8 por cento ; 1 b- Cap. XVIII-Sintomas, Sinais e Achados Anormais de Exames Clínicos e de Laboratório, não Classificados em Outra Parte 17,4 por cento ; 1c- Cap. XIX-Lesões, Envenenamentos e Algumas Outras Conseqüências de Causas Externas 14,5 por cento . 2- Causas conseqüenciais intermediárias: encontrou-se 2a- Cap. XIX-Lesões, Envenenamentos e Algumas Outras Conseqüências de Causas Externas 78,3 por cento ; 2b- Cap. III-Doenças do Sangue e dos Órgãos Hematopoéticos a Alguns Transtornos lmunitários 56,5 por cento ; 2c- Cap. XVIII- Sintomas, Sinais e Achados Anormais de Exames Clínicos e de Laboratório, não Classificados em Outra Parte 40,6 por cento . 3- Causas contribuintes: 3a- Cap.XV-Gravidez, Parto e Puerpério 43,5 por cento ; 3b- Cap IX-Doenças do Aparelho Circulatório 26,1 por cento . 3c- Cap.III- Doenças do Sangue e dos Órgãos Hematopoéticos e Alguns Transtornos Imunitários 23,2 por cento . Das mortes maternas (MM), 53,6 por cento foram declaradas e 46,4 por cento não foram declaradas. Do total de mortes, ocorreram: 81.2 por cento nos hospitais, 11,6 por cento na via pública e 7,2 por cento nos domicílios. Das características das falecidas: as mortes maternas (MM) corresponderam a mulheres procedentes de outros estados, com menor grau de escolaridade, do lar, com salários muito baixos. A maioria com mais de quatro gestações e intervalo de gestações menor que dois anos. A maioria teve controle pré-natal (CPN) e mais de quatro CPN. A via de parto: 63,2 por cento cesarianas, 34,2 vaginal e 2,6 por cento forceps. A maioria de recém-nascidos (RN) nasceu viva e com peso acima de 2500 gramas. As mortes maternas ocorreram em 42,0 por cento no puerpério; 40,5 por cento na gravidez; 11,6 por cento entre 43 dias-até um ano após termo da gestação e 5,8 por cento no intraparto. Usaram anticonceptivos os 33,3 por cento de casos. Em 13,0 por cento houve dificuldades no transporte aos hospitais; 41,1 por cento procuraram mais de um hospital para obter atenção e a maioria morreu em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). A opinião dos familiares acerca do atendimento, em sua grande maioria - acharam que a paciente não foi bem atendida e responsabilizaram o médico. Quanto à responsabilidade das mortes maternas (MM), verificamos: 65,2 por cento fatores de ordem profissional; 56,5 por cento hospitalar; 24,6 por cento da paciente e 24,6 por cento não determinados. Verificamos quanto à evitabilidade das mortes maternas: 69,6 por cento mortes evitáveis, sendo das hospitalares 76.8 por cento ; e destas, 92,1 por cento de mortes maternas obstétricas diretas (MMOD). A analise das causas múltiplas das mortes maternas, melhora a avaliação dos fatores de responsabilidade e evitabilidade, permitindo direcionar as medidas preventivas. Recomenda-se seu uso no Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Morte Materna(SVEMM) e nas atividades dos Comitês de Morte Materna. / The information on maternal mortality is an important source of data for epidemiological and demographic studies; planning, policy and evaluation of multiple interventions that garantee to all women a safe motherhood. The present research carried out between 1st Dez. 1993 - 31st May 1994, discusses in details the multiple causes of maternal mortality in São Paulo city, according to the underlying causes of death in the 9th and 10th Revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), verifying the number of diagnostics, tabulations and associations of causes in the 10th Rev. of ICD . It utilizes prospectively 4 sources of data: the original death certificate obtained from the Programme for Vital Registration and Statistics deaths in São Paulo city (PRO-AIM), home interviews, hospital records, necropsy exams (when avaliable), showing the epidemiological characteristics of the maternal deaths and analysing the factors responsible for the deaths, and wich of them could be avoided. From the 31224 revised death certificates there were 2286 causes of death of women from 10-49 years of age, and 37 cases of maternal death registered at PRO-AIM/ICD-9. We found 52 cases of maternal death in ICD-9 and 69 cases of death in ICD-10, resulting in a maternal mortality rate of 48.04 per 100.000 live births. According to ICD-9 there was one maternal death every 3.5 days and according to ICD-10 there was one maternal death every 2.6 days. The underlying causes of deaths in ICD-9 and ICD-10 were: 1- Direct maternal death- 60.9 per cent , 1 a- abortion -23.8 per cent (60.0 per cent unsafe abortion), 1 b- haemorrhage -21.4 per cent (55.5 per cent post-partum haemorrhage), 1 c- embolism, anesthetic, surgical complications, etc. 1 d- hypertensive disorders -19.0 per cent (50.0 per cent eclampsia), 1e- infections -14.3 per cent (predominance of puerperal infections). 2- Indirect maternal deaths -14,5 per cent (most of the causes were cardiovascular disorders). The underlying causes of death in ICD-10 were: 1- Non-obstetrical causes of death -13.0 per cent , 1a- traffic accidents -66.7 per cent , followed by suicide and homicides. 2- Late maternal mortality -11.4 per cent , 2a- AIDS -75.0 per cent , followed by Diabetes mellitus and Coriocarcinoma. There was an agreement of 42.3 per cent in ICD-9 and 36.4 per cent in ICD-10, in relation to the direct and indirect underlying causes of death, comparing the original deaths certificates obtained from PRO-AIM, and the revised deaths certificates obteined from PRO-AIM, home interviews, hospital records and necropsy exams. This difference can be explained by the number of characters in Chapter XI/CID-10. The agreement for total maternal mortality in ICD-10 is 36.2 per cent . The mean number of diagnostics in the original death certificate is 2.9 and in the revised death certificate is 6.8. We propose the addition of another item in the first part of the death certificate (d tine). The associated causes of maternal mortality were: 1- Terminal, 1 a- Chap. X-Diseases of the respiratory system -47.8 per cent ; 1b- Chap.XVIII- Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinicai and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified -17.4 per cent ; 1 c- Chap. XIX-Injury , poisoning and certa in other consequences of external causes -14.5 per cent . 2- Intermediary causes of maternal mortality, 2a-Chap. XIX-Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes -78.3 per cent ; 2b- Chap. III-Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism -56.5 per cent ; 2c- Chap. XVIII-Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory finding, not elsewhere classified -40.6 per cent . 3- Contributory causes of maternal mortality, 3a Chap. XV-Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium -43.5 per cent ; 3b- Chap. IX- Diseases of the circulatory system -26.1 per cent , 3c- Chap III-Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism -23.2 per cent . Fifty three point six percent (53.6 per cent ) of the maternal deaths were registered in the original death certificate, bout 46.4 per cent were not registered. From all of these deaths: 81.2 per cent were in hospital, 11.6 per cent in the street, 7.2 per cent at home. The characteristics of the maternal deaths were: women coming from other States of the Federation; low maternal education; women not working outside home; low income; more than 4 gestations; less than 2 years interval of gestations and more than 4 antenatal care visits. According to the type of delivery, 63.2 per cent of the women delivered by cesarean, 34.2 per cent had normal deliveries and 2.6 per cent had forceps. Thirteen percent (13.0 per cent ) of the women did not get transport to go to a hospital; 33.3 per cent utilized contraceptives; 41.0 per cent went to more than one hospital to get medical attention; 42.0 per cent of the women died during the puerperium; 40.5 per cent of the women died during pregnancy; 11.6 per cent of the women died in the period between 43-365 days of after pregnancy and 5.8 per cent of the women died during labor. The majority of the babies were born with a weight higher than 2.5 Kg. The relatives of the women that died, did not appreciate the quality of the attendance of the medical doctors. We conclude that among the factors responsible for the maternal mortality in São Paulo city: 65.2 per cent are related to professional factors, 56.5 per cent hospital factors, 24.6 per cent patients factors and 24.6 per cent undetermined factors. Sixty nine point six percent (69.6 per cent ) of the deaths could be avoided, 76.8 per cent of the deaths were at hospital level and 92.1 per cent of these hospital deaths were direct causes of deaths. The analysis of the multiple causes of maternal death improve the evaluation of the factors of responsability and preventability allowing the implementation of preventive measures. We recommend its utilization in the Epidemiological System of Vigilance of Maternal Mortality (SVEMM) and in the activities of the Maternal Mortality Study Committee.
33

A study of the informational needs of twelve mothers of premature infants during the lying-in period

Brett, Mary Ann January 1964 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01
34

Mortalidade materna em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 1975 a 1979: obituário hospitalar / Maternal mortality in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 1975 to 1979. Hospital obituary

Souza, Maria de Lourdes de 04 May 1982 (has links)
A partir de informações existentes e registradas em Maternidades e Hospitais Gerais de Florianópolis (S.C.) e na Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, realizou-se estudo retrospectivo compreendendo o período de 19 de janeiro de 1975 a 31 de dezembro de 1979. Determinou-se coeficientes de mortalidade materna numa série histórica de cinco anos, segundo o tipo de óbtios e causas básicas. Verificou-se ainda a relação entre mortalidade materna e as variáveis idade, paridade, tipo de parto e local de residência. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o coeficiente de mortalidade materna foi elevado e atingiu nível maior do que os resultados de registros oficiais. Em 18,2 por cento dos óbitos houve preenchimento inadequado dos atestados, o que teria proporcionado perda destes casos como óbito materno. A maior proporção das mortes maternas foi devida aos óbitos obstétricos diretos, com um percentual de 75,0 por cento . Os óbitos obstétricos diretos foram constituídos em 54,5 por cento de infecção, 30,3 por cento de hemorragia e 15,2 por cento de toxemia. O coeficiente específico por infecção foi de 4,15/10.000 nascidos vivos (N.V.) tendo como principal causa básica o aborto. O grupo de hemorragia teve coeficiente de 2,31/10.000 N.V. e as causas básicas que contribuíram na quase totalidade dos óbitos foram rotura de útero sem outras especificações (SOE), laceração de colo de útero e parto a vácuo extrator. A toxemia apresentou coeficiente de 1,15/10.000 N.V. tendo como causa básica mais incidente, a eclâmpsia sobreposta à hipertensão arterial pré-existente. Conclui-se, ainda, que houve relação entre mortalidade materna e as variáveis idade, paridade e, em especial, com tipo de parto e local de residência. / Based on data collected at Maternities and General Hospitais in Florianópolis (S.C.) and at the State of Santa Catarina Secretary of Health a retrospective study on Maternal Mortality in the period January 1st, 1975 december 31th, 1979 was performed. The Maternal Mortality rate was determined by means of a historical series of 5 years, according to the type and main basic cause of death. The relation between Maternal Mortality and variables like chronological age, parity, type of delivery and place of residence was also studied. The results of the investigation indicated that the Maternal Mortality rate was high, being even higher than that officially presented. In 18.2 per cent of the cases there was an incorrect filling of the death certificates what could cause their exclusion as maternal deaths. The highest proportion of maternity deaths was caused by direct obstetric causes with a percentage of 75.0 per cent . The direct obstetric deaths were due to infection (54,5 per cent ), haemorrhagy (30.3 per cent ) and toxemy (15,2 per cent ). The speciific rate for infections was 4.15/10,000 live borns (L.B.) being abortion its main basic cause. The specific rate for haemorrhagy was 2.3/10,000 L.B. being its basic cause, which contributed to almost the totality of deaths, rupture of the uterus not otherwise specified (NOS),laceration of the uterus walls and delivery by vacuum extractor. The specific rate for toxemy was 1.15/10,000 L.B. being its basic cause eclampsy associated to pre-existent hypertension. It was concluded that there was a relation between maternal mortality and the variables chronological age parity and, in some special causes with the type of delivery and place of residence.
35

Mortalidade materna: análise das causas múltiplas no contexto de sua responsabilidade e evitabilidade, no município de São Paulo / Maternal mortality: analysis of multiple causes in the context of their responsibility and avoidability, in the city of São Paulo

Almeyda, Victor Alberto Gonzales 25 September 1995 (has links)
As informações sobre mortalidade materna constituem uma importante fonte de dados para estudos epidemiológicos, demográficos e para o planejamento, gerência, vigilância e avaliação das múltiplas intervenções intersetoriais, desde os níveis mais simples até os mais complexos, na perspectiva de reivindicar os direitos das mulheres à vida no mundo e entre elas o direito à maternidade segura. O presente trabalho discute as causas múltiplas de morte materna, isto é, as causas básicas segundo a 9a Rev. e 10a Rev. da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID) e as causas associadas, verificando o número de diagnósticos, sua tabulação e associações de causas, segundo a 10a Rev., nos atestados de óbito refeitos baseados em informações obtidas prospectivamente de quatro fontes: - atestado de óbito obtido no Programa de Aprimoramento das Informações em Mortalidade no Municfpio de São Paulo (PRO-AIM), - entrevistas domiciliares, - prontuários hospitalares e - laudos de necropsia dos Serviços de Verificação de Óbito (SVO) e Instituto de Medicina Legal (IML), quando disponíveis. Assim, mostram-se as características epidemiológicas e analisam-se os fatores de responsabilidade e evitabilidade das mortes de mães residentes e ocorridas no Município de São Paulo-Brasil, no perrodo de 01 de dezembro de 1993 até 31 de maio de 1994. ed 31.224 atestados de óbito revisados, foram registrados 2.286 casos de óbitos de mulheres de 10-49 anos e 37 casos de morte materna, registrados pelo PRO-AIM/9a Rev.-CID. Encontramos, após o estudo, 52 casos de morte materna/9a Rev., e 69 casos/10a Rev., portanto ocorrendo uma morte materna a cada 3,5 dias/ 9a Rev.-CID e a cada 2,6 dias/10a Rev.-CID· Resultando em um coeficiente de morte materna de 48,04 x 100.000 nascidos vivos. Das causas básicas em ambas Revisões-CID, verificaram-se: 60,9 por cento mortes maternas obstétricas diretas (MMOD), das quais: 1)- abortos 23,8 por cento ; destes 60,0 por cento provocados; 2)- hemorragias 21,4 por cento ; destas, 55,5 por cento hemorragias pós-parto; 3)- outras causas diretas 21,4 por cento ; compreenderam embolias, complicações anestésicas e cirúrgicas; 4)- transtornos hipertensivos 19,0 por cento ; destes 50,0 por cento foram eclâmpsias e 5)- infecções 14,3 por cento ; predominaram as infecções puerperais. As mortes maternas obstétricas indiretas (MMOI), 14,5 por cento , predominaram as cardiovasculares. Com a 10a Rev., nas mortes maternas não obstétricas (MMNO), 13,0 por cento , predominaram os acidentes de trânsito 66,7 por cento , seguidos por homicídios e suicídio. As mortes maternas tardias (MTT), 11,4 por cento , com predomínio da Sindrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) 75,0 por cento , seguida de Diabetes mellitus e Coriocarcinoma. A concordância foi de 42,3 por cento das causas básicas das mortes maternas obstétricas (MMO), entre atestados originais(AO) e atestados refeitos (AR) pela 9a Rev. (três algarismos) e de 36,4 por cento pela 10a Rev. (três caracteres). Esta diferença é explicada pelo incremento de caracteres no Cap. XI/10a Rev. e a concordância do total de mortes maternas (MM)/10a Rev. é 36,2 por cento . A média de diagnósticos nos atestados originais (AO) foi 2,9, verificando-se diminuição em relação à dos anos anteriores e 6,8 por atestado refeito (AR). Discute-se a necessidade de se incrementar uma linha adicional (d) na I Parte do atestado de óbito. Para as mortes maternas (MM), foram encontradas as causas associadas: 1-Causas terminais: 1 a- Cap. X-Doenças do Aparelho Respiratório 47,8 por cento ; 1 b- Cap. XVIII-Sintomas, Sinais e Achados Anormais de Exames Clínicos e de Laboratório, não Classificados em Outra Parte 17,4 por cento ; 1c- Cap. XIX-Lesões, Envenenamentos e Algumas Outras Conseqüências de Causas Externas 14,5 por cento . 2- Causas conseqüenciais intermediárias: encontrou-se 2a- Cap. XIX-Lesões, Envenenamentos e Algumas Outras Conseqüências de Causas Externas 78,3 por cento ; 2b- Cap. III-Doenças do Sangue e dos Órgãos Hematopoéticos a Alguns Transtornos lmunitários 56,5 por cento ; 2c- Cap. XVIII- Sintomas, Sinais e Achados Anormais de Exames Clínicos e de Laboratório, não Classificados em Outra Parte 40,6 por cento . 3- Causas contribuintes: 3a- Cap.XV-Gravidez, Parto e Puerpério 43,5 por cento ; 3b- Cap IX-Doenças do Aparelho Circulatório 26,1 por cento . 3c- Cap.III- Doenças do Sangue e dos Órgãos Hematopoéticos e Alguns Transtornos Imunitários 23,2 por cento . Das mortes maternas (MM), 53,6 por cento foram declaradas e 46,4 por cento não foram declaradas. Do total de mortes, ocorreram: 81.2 por cento nos hospitais, 11,6 por cento na via pública e 7,2 por cento nos domicílios. Das características das falecidas: as mortes maternas (MM) corresponderam a mulheres procedentes de outros estados, com menor grau de escolaridade, do lar, com salários muito baixos. A maioria com mais de quatro gestações e intervalo de gestações menor que dois anos. A maioria teve controle pré-natal (CPN) e mais de quatro CPN. A via de parto: 63,2 por cento cesarianas, 34,2 vaginal e 2,6 por cento forceps. A maioria de recém-nascidos (RN) nasceu viva e com peso acima de 2500 gramas. As mortes maternas ocorreram em 42,0 por cento no puerpério; 40,5 por cento na gravidez; 11,6 por cento entre 43 dias-até um ano após termo da gestação e 5,8 por cento no intraparto. Usaram anticonceptivos os 33,3 por cento de casos. Em 13,0 por cento houve dificuldades no transporte aos hospitais; 41,1 por cento procuraram mais de um hospital para obter atenção e a maioria morreu em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). A opinião dos familiares acerca do atendimento, em sua grande maioria - acharam que a paciente não foi bem atendida e responsabilizaram o médico. Quanto à responsabilidade das mortes maternas (MM), verificamos: 65,2 por cento fatores de ordem profissional; 56,5 por cento hospitalar; 24,6 por cento da paciente e 24,6 por cento não determinados. Verificamos quanto à evitabilidade das mortes maternas: 69,6 por cento mortes evitáveis, sendo das hospitalares 76.8 por cento ; e destas, 92,1 por cento de mortes maternas obstétricas diretas (MMOD). A analise das causas múltiplas das mortes maternas, melhora a avaliação dos fatores de responsabilidade e evitabilidade, permitindo direcionar as medidas preventivas. Recomenda-se seu uso no Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Morte Materna(SVEMM) e nas atividades dos Comitês de Morte Materna. / The information on maternal mortality is an important source of data for epidemiological and demographic studies; planning, policy and evaluation of multiple interventions that garantee to all women a safe motherhood. The present research carried out between 1st Dez. 1993 - 31st May 1994, discusses in details the multiple causes of maternal mortality in São Paulo city, according to the underlying causes of death in the 9th and 10th Revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), verifying the number of diagnostics, tabulations and associations of causes in the 10th Rev. of ICD . It utilizes prospectively 4 sources of data: the original death certificate obtained from the Programme for Vital Registration and Statistics deaths in São Paulo city (PRO-AIM), home interviews, hospital records, necropsy exams (when avaliable), showing the epidemiological characteristics of the maternal deaths and analysing the factors responsible for the deaths, and wich of them could be avoided. From the 31224 revised death certificates there were 2286 causes of death of women from 10-49 years of age, and 37 cases of maternal death registered at PRO-AIM/ICD-9. We found 52 cases of maternal death in ICD-9 and 69 cases of death in ICD-10, resulting in a maternal mortality rate of 48.04 per 100.000 live births. According to ICD-9 there was one maternal death every 3.5 days and according to ICD-10 there was one maternal death every 2.6 days. The underlying causes of deaths in ICD-9 and ICD-10 were: 1- Direct maternal death- 60.9 per cent , 1 a- abortion -23.8 per cent (60.0 per cent unsafe abortion), 1 b- haemorrhage -21.4 per cent (55.5 per cent post-partum haemorrhage), 1 c- embolism, anesthetic, surgical complications, etc. 1 d- hypertensive disorders -19.0 per cent (50.0 per cent eclampsia), 1e- infections -14.3 per cent (predominance of puerperal infections). 2- Indirect maternal deaths -14,5 per cent (most of the causes were cardiovascular disorders). The underlying causes of death in ICD-10 were: 1- Non-obstetrical causes of death -13.0 per cent , 1a- traffic accidents -66.7 per cent , followed by suicide and homicides. 2- Late maternal mortality -11.4 per cent , 2a- AIDS -75.0 per cent , followed by Diabetes mellitus and Coriocarcinoma. There was an agreement of 42.3 per cent in ICD-9 and 36.4 per cent in ICD-10, in relation to the direct and indirect underlying causes of death, comparing the original deaths certificates obtained from PRO-AIM, and the revised deaths certificates obteined from PRO-AIM, home interviews, hospital records and necropsy exams. This difference can be explained by the number of characters in Chapter XI/CID-10. The agreement for total maternal mortality in ICD-10 is 36.2 per cent . The mean number of diagnostics in the original death certificate is 2.9 and in the revised death certificate is 6.8. We propose the addition of another item in the first part of the death certificate (d tine). The associated causes of maternal mortality were: 1- Terminal, 1 a- Chap. X-Diseases of the respiratory system -47.8 per cent ; 1b- Chap.XVIII- Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinicai and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified -17.4 per cent ; 1 c- Chap. XIX-Injury , poisoning and certa in other consequences of external causes -14.5 per cent . 2- Intermediary causes of maternal mortality, 2a-Chap. XIX-Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes -78.3 per cent ; 2b- Chap. III-Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism -56.5 per cent ; 2c- Chap. XVIII-Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory finding, not elsewhere classified -40.6 per cent . 3- Contributory causes of maternal mortality, 3a Chap. XV-Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium -43.5 per cent ; 3b- Chap. IX- Diseases of the circulatory system -26.1 per cent , 3c- Chap III-Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism -23.2 per cent . Fifty three point six percent (53.6 per cent ) of the maternal deaths were registered in the original death certificate, bout 46.4 per cent were not registered. From all of these deaths: 81.2 per cent were in hospital, 11.6 per cent in the street, 7.2 per cent at home. The characteristics of the maternal deaths were: women coming from other States of the Federation; low maternal education; women not working outside home; low income; more than 4 gestations; less than 2 years interval of gestations and more than 4 antenatal care visits. According to the type of delivery, 63.2 per cent of the women delivered by cesarean, 34.2 per cent had normal deliveries and 2.6 per cent had forceps. Thirteen percent (13.0 per cent ) of the women did not get transport to go to a hospital; 33.3 per cent utilized contraceptives; 41.0 per cent went to more than one hospital to get medical attention; 42.0 per cent of the women died during the puerperium; 40.5 per cent of the women died during pregnancy; 11.6 per cent of the women died in the period between 43-365 days of after pregnancy and 5.8 per cent of the women died during labor. The majority of the babies were born with a weight higher than 2.5 Kg. The relatives of the women that died, did not appreciate the quality of the attendance of the medical doctors. We conclude that among the factors responsible for the maternal mortality in São Paulo city: 65.2 per cent are related to professional factors, 56.5 per cent hospital factors, 24.6 per cent patients factors and 24.6 per cent undetermined factors. Sixty nine point six percent (69.6 per cent ) of the deaths could be avoided, 76.8 per cent of the deaths were at hospital level and 92.1 per cent of these hospital deaths were direct causes of deaths. The analysis of the multiple causes of maternal death improve the evaluation of the factors of responsability and preventability allowing the implementation of preventive measures. We recommend its utilization in the Epidemiological System of Vigilance of Maternal Mortality (SVEMM) and in the activities of the Maternal Mortality Study Committee.
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Mortalidade materna em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 1975 a 1979: obituário hospitalar / Maternal mortality in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 1975 to 1979. Hospital obituary

Maria de Lourdes de Souza 04 May 1982 (has links)
A partir de informações existentes e registradas em Maternidades e Hospitais Gerais de Florianópolis (S.C.) e na Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, realizou-se estudo retrospectivo compreendendo o período de 19 de janeiro de 1975 a 31 de dezembro de 1979. Determinou-se coeficientes de mortalidade materna numa série histórica de cinco anos, segundo o tipo de óbtios e causas básicas. Verificou-se ainda a relação entre mortalidade materna e as variáveis idade, paridade, tipo de parto e local de residência. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o coeficiente de mortalidade materna foi elevado e atingiu nível maior do que os resultados de registros oficiais. Em 18,2 por cento dos óbitos houve preenchimento inadequado dos atestados, o que teria proporcionado perda destes casos como óbito materno. A maior proporção das mortes maternas foi devida aos óbitos obstétricos diretos, com um percentual de 75,0 por cento . Os óbitos obstétricos diretos foram constituídos em 54,5 por cento de infecção, 30,3 por cento de hemorragia e 15,2 por cento de toxemia. O coeficiente específico por infecção foi de 4,15/10.000 nascidos vivos (N.V.) tendo como principal causa básica o aborto. O grupo de hemorragia teve coeficiente de 2,31/10.000 N.V. e as causas básicas que contribuíram na quase totalidade dos óbitos foram rotura de útero sem outras especificações (SOE), laceração de colo de útero e parto a vácuo extrator. A toxemia apresentou coeficiente de 1,15/10.000 N.V. tendo como causa básica mais incidente, a eclâmpsia sobreposta à hipertensão arterial pré-existente. Conclui-se, ainda, que houve relação entre mortalidade materna e as variáveis idade, paridade e, em especial, com tipo de parto e local de residência. / Based on data collected at Maternities and General Hospitais in Florianópolis (S.C.) and at the State of Santa Catarina Secretary of Health a retrospective study on Maternal Mortality in the period January 1st, 1975 december 31th, 1979 was performed. The Maternal Mortality rate was determined by means of a historical series of 5 years, according to the type and main basic cause of death. The relation between Maternal Mortality and variables like chronological age, parity, type of delivery and place of residence was also studied. The results of the investigation indicated that the Maternal Mortality rate was high, being even higher than that officially presented. In 18.2 per cent of the cases there was an incorrect filling of the death certificates what could cause their exclusion as maternal deaths. The highest proportion of maternity deaths was caused by direct obstetric causes with a percentage of 75.0 per cent . The direct obstetric deaths were due to infection (54,5 per cent ), haemorrhagy (30.3 per cent ) and toxemy (15,2 per cent ). The speciific rate for infections was 4.15/10,000 live borns (L.B.) being abortion its main basic cause. The specific rate for haemorrhagy was 2.3/10,000 L.B. being its basic cause, which contributed to almost the totality of deaths, rupture of the uterus not otherwise specified (NOS),laceration of the uterus walls and delivery by vacuum extractor. The specific rate for toxemy was 1.15/10,000 L.B. being its basic cause eclampsy associated to pre-existent hypertension. It was concluded that there was a relation between maternal mortality and the variables chronological age parity and, in some special causes with the type of delivery and place of residence.
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Maternal care and mortality : Measuring quality and access in Babati

Aram, Miriam January 2009 (has links)
<p>This thesis studies women’s experience of maternal care in Babati, Tanzania and possible reason for Tanzania’s high level of maternal mortality. Globally, every year more than 500,000 women die during pregnancy or deliveries, and 90 percent of these deaths occur in Africa and Asia. The deaths are often of the preventable kind. The purpose is to investigate what makes the maternal care result in high mortality and if under registration of deaths could affect it somehow. The study’s empirical part is conducted through a fieldwork in Babati during the spring semester in 2009 where mothers and health personnel were interviewed. The interviews consisted of semi-structured one on one and group sessions. The interviewed mothers were satisfied with the care received and stated that both accessibility and availability of maternal care was good. One of the possible solutions to the high ratio of maternal mortality is that Tanzanian women visit antenatal services later than recommended and that the access to emergency obstetric care is not always good. Further, it is likely that underregistration of maternal death is present in Tanzania, an issue that must be dealt with in order to receive accurate statistics and by that enable interventions targeted into lowering the maternal mortality.</p>
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Maternal care and mortality : Measuring quality and access in Babati

Aram, Miriam January 2009 (has links)
This thesis studies women’s experience of maternal care in Babati, Tanzania and possible reason for Tanzania’s high level of maternal mortality. Globally, every year more than 500,000 women die during pregnancy or deliveries, and 90 percent of these deaths occur in Africa and Asia. The deaths are often of the preventable kind. The purpose is to investigate what makes the maternal care result in high mortality and if under registration of deaths could affect it somehow. The study’s empirical part is conducted through a fieldwork in Babati during the spring semester in 2009 where mothers and health personnel were interviewed. The interviews consisted of semi-structured one on one and group sessions. The interviewed mothers were satisfied with the care received and stated that both accessibility and availability of maternal care was good. One of the possible solutions to the high ratio of maternal mortality is that Tanzanian women visit antenatal services later than recommended and that the access to emergency obstetric care is not always good. Further, it is likely that underregistration of maternal death is present in Tanzania, an issue that must be dealt with in order to receive accurate statistics and by that enable interventions targeted into lowering the maternal mortality.
39

Cultural Childbirth Practices, Beliefs and Traditions in Liberia

Lori, Jody Rae January 2009 (has links)
Over 500,000 maternal deaths occur globally each year. Over half of these deaths take place in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to understand the sociopolitical and cultural context of childbirth in Liberia including practices, beliefs and traditions that influence maternal health, illness and death. The concepts of vulnerability, human rights related to reproductive health, gender-based violence and war trauma within the theoretical perspectives of global feminism provide the framework for this study. Critical ethnography was used to study 10 cases of severe maternal morbidity and eight cases of maternal mortality. Data collection included participant observation, field notes and semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 54 women, family members and community members. Three major themes derived from the data were Secrecy Surrounding Pregnancy and Childbirth; Power and Authority; and Distrust of the Healthcare System. The interpretive theory, Behind the House, generated from data analysis provides an effective way of understanding the larger social and cultural context of childbirth and childbirth related practices, beliefs and traditions in Liberia. It defines the complexity and challenges women in Liberia face in their reproductive health. This interpretive theory moves beyond the biomedical understanding of birth by contextualizing childbirth as a social as well as a biological process. This study provides a starting point for more relevant, sensitive and culturally congruent public health programs and policies to address maternal morbidity and mortality in this population.
40

Enhancing survival of mothers and their newborns in Tanzania /

Mbaruku, Godfrey, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska instttutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

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