Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad explorar las percepciones de los padres y madres de familia en relación con la brecha de género en la docencia de la educación inicial peruana. Se empleó un enfoque de investigación cualitativo y de carácter exploratorio. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a veinte padres y madres de familia de centros educativos de nivel inicial públicos y privados de la ciudad de Lima (Perú). Los entrevistados perciben que la educación inicial es de dominio femenino, pues se le vincula a su rol maternal. Los varones están relegados de este ámbito, pues se les relaciona a características de rudeza y disciplina que son incompatibles a la educación de niños pequeños. Asimismo, mencionaron que se asume una continuidad del hogar, de cuidado y protección que generalmente se ejerce por las madres de familia en sus entornos próximos. Este estudio permite introducir diálogos en relación con la feminización de la educación inicial y abre una oportunidad para que las escuelas dirijan sus estrategias de cambio a fin de reducir la brecha de género masculina en este contexto docente. Asimismo, provee bases para desarrollar futuras investigaciones acerca del impacto de este grupo en otros actores educativos, los estereotipos y los roles de género asociados. / The purpose of this research is to explore the perceptions of parents in relation to the gender gap in the teaching of Peruvian initial education. A qualitative and exploratory research approach was used. A semi-structured interview was conducted with twenty fathers and mothers of public and private initial level educational centers in the city of Lima (Peru). The interviewees perceive that the initial education is of feminine domain, since it is linked to their maternal role. Males are relegated to this area, as they are related to characteristics of rudeness and discipline that are incompatible with the education of young children. They also mentioned that is assumed a continuity of the home, of care and protection that is generally exercised by mothers in their immediate surroundings. This study allows the introduction of dialogues in relation to the feminization of initial education and opens an opportunity for schools to direct their change strategies in order to reduce the gender gap in this teaching context. It also provides the basis for developing future research about the impact of this group on other educational actors, stereotypes and associated gender roles. / Trabajo de investigación

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar cómo se adopta el rol materno en mujeres que tienen hijos con habilidades diferentes de acuerdo a su entorno familiar y social. Para este fin, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo utilizando la técnica de la entrevista semiestructurada en ocho mujeres de nivel socioeconómico alto, entre 45 y 55 años de edad, madres de jóvenes adultos con habilidades diferentes. Los principales resultados indican que la identidad materna es construida en distintos estadios a lo largo de la interacción madre-hijo y que el apoyo familiar y social cumplen un papel importante en la consolidación de dicho vínculo. Se concluye que para que las mujeres con las características de esta muestra construyan y adopten un rol materno equilibrado y saludable, necesitan de la participación activa de su entorno inmediato, es decir, de un microsistema comprometido y promotor de asistencia abocada al bienestar tanto de la madre como del hijo. / The objective of this research is to analyze how the maternal role is attained in women who have children with different abilities according to their family and social environment. For this purpose, a qualitative study was developed using the semi-structured interview technique in eight women of high socioeconomic status, between 45 and 55 years of age, mothers of young adults with different abilities. The main results indicate that maternal identity is constructed at different stages throughout the mother-child interaction and that the family and social support play an important role in the consolidation of this bond. It is concluded that for women with the characteristics of this sample to build and attain a balanced and healthy maternal role, they need the active participation of their immediate environment, a committed microsystem and promoter of assistance aiming the well-being of both the mother and son. / Tesis

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-03-25T22:17:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 0000013A.pdf: 974574 bytes, checksum: b95b624d689e943e76f8a938d17fd599 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-25T22:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0000013A.pdf: 974574 bytes, checksum: b95b624d689e943e76f8a938d17fd599 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação de mestrado é composta por dois artigos, sendo um deles artigo teórico e o outro, artigo empírico. O artigo teórico aborda a importância da função materna na constituição do pré-consciente do indivíduo e sua influência na capacidade de simbolização e elaboração de traumas, refletindo sobre a relação destes aspectos com a recorrência de somatizações. Baseia-se na Escola Francesa de Psicossomática, liderada por Pierre Marty, abordando alguns de seus principais conceitos. O artigo empírico aborda as estórias de vida de mulheres que apresentam queixas somáticas de modo recorrente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, com estudo decasos múltiplos, que tem como objetivo compreender a perspectiva das participantes em relação às suas estórias de vida e sintomatologia somática. Tem como referencial teórico a Escola Francesa de Psicossomática, com ênfase na abordagem de Pierre Marty e seus colaboradores, discutindo também as questões de vínculo parental e narratividade. Utiliza-se do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Alexitimia TAS-26, Parental Bonding Instrument e Entrevistas de Estória de Vida para desenvolver a investigação proposta. Os resultados obtidos apontam para semelhanças encontradas nos vínculos parentais, sobrecarga de responsabilidades, vivência de traumas, lutos e discurso empobrecido. Uma das participantes, apesar de ter respondido aos critérios de seleção, revelou-se com traços histriônicos, acenando para a possibilidade de uma crise conversiva ou de uma desorganização psicossomática temporária, o que acaba por enriquecer os questionamentos em torno do tema, que contemplam inclusive as possibilidades de equívoco da compreensão dos sintomas. / This dissertation is organized in two articles: a theoretical article and an empirical article. The theoretical article focus on the phenomenon of somatization and the importance of the maternal role in establishing the preconscious of the individual and his capacity of symbolization and trauma development, reflecting onthe connection among the recurrent somatic disorders. Its theoretical reference is theFrench School of Psychosomatics, emphasizing Pierre Marty’s approach and some of hisprincipal concepts. The empirical article focuses on women life stories who have recurrent somatics complaints. It is a qualitative exploratory research with multiple casestudies that aims to understand the participants perspective in relation to their life stories and somatic symptomatology. Its theoretical reference is the French School of Psychosomatics, emphasizing Pierre Marty’s approach, also discussing the issues of parental bonding and narrativity. The Mini Mental Test, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale – TAS 26, the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Life Stories Interviews are used to develop the researchinvestigation. The results found point to the similarities in the parental bonds, responsibilities overload, trauma experience, grief and impoverished speech. One of the participants, despite have responded to the selection criteria, revealed histrionic traits, waving to the possibility of a conversive crisis or a themporary psychosomatic disorganization which ultimately enrich the questions around the issue, including the possibilities of misunderstanding thecomprehension of the symptoms.

The aim of final thesis is to describe raising a child after divorce and the role of men and women in children's life. The theoretical part defines terms - family, divorce and the education. The author is trying to find if there is still man as a main educator of children even after divorce. In empirical part the author analyses the interviews based on principles of grounded theory. The aim of empirical part is to clear up, how adults feel by taking care of their parents and if they miss the paternal and maternal role in their life. The practical part was described and based on interviews with people from 20 to 30 which parents got divorced in they 8 to 13 years of age. The author defines the cathegories and codes based on interviews and in general describes the model of raising children by mothers. The main issue is that the young people missed the maternal and paternal role in their lives and as a result of this is that the young people have problem in coping with authorities. The interviewee state that they have more critical view on their own relationships and that the communication is the basic stone of every relationship. Another important discovery is that the young people are not sure if they would like to have their own families and children. Most of the young people are afraid of their...