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This thesis is concerned with the selection and early career education of executive branch officers in the Royal Navy c1902-1939. The thesis attempts to place naval selection and educational policy in context by demonstrating how it was affected by changing naval requirements, external political interference and contemporary educational reform. It also explores the impact of the First World War and the Invergordon mutiny upon officer education. The thesis discusses the selection of potential executive officers, exploring what methods were used, why they were used and how they were developed over time. It discusses the increasing openness of the officer corps of the Royal Navy to boys of talent, irrespective of their background; and shows that this trend was driven by political demand, fuelled by the increasing number of well educated lower middle class boys, and welcomed by many in the Royal Navy. The thesis demonstrates that the Fisher-Selborne Scheme of officer education combined existing naval practice with recent educational developments to produce a unique and innovatory educational system. It shows how many of the assumptions on which the scheme was founded were subsequently proven to be wrong, and demonstrates its gradual dismantling through the inter-war years. The thesis considers the development of the Special Entry scheme, initially in response to a shortage of junior officers but later as a means of broadening entry to the officer corps. It contrasts the fortunes of the two schemes in the inter-war period, in which the educational side of the Special Entry scheme was largely unaltered. Overall the thesis seeks to place the development of the Royal Navy’s systems for the selection and early career education of executive officers in context by exploring how and why they were developed and their response to the changing fortunes and shape of the Royal Navy.

TITLE: Mathematics Teachers and Their Professional Development AUTHOR: Jana Pávová DEPARTMENT: Department of Education SUPERVISOR: Doc. PaedDr. Stanislav Bendl, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This thesis is focused on Mathematics Teachers and Their Professional Development. The thoretical part describes the Czech system of in-service education of teachers in the context of lifelong learning. It introduces its legislative classification and describes an alternative classification. The following part offers the list of information resources, which are useful for Mathematics teachers and the list of what the current offer of further education courses for Mathematics teachers is, including selfstudying activities. The relevant links are quoted in the appendices. The empirical part analyses, interprets and evaluates the qualitative research among Mathematics teachers, which determines their experience with in-service education/professional development, their attitudes and opinions in this field. Furthermore, this part analyses their attitudes from the constructivism in Mathematics teaching's point of view. KEYWORDS: Maths teacher, further/in service education of teaching staff, teacher's professional development, educational portals, the Union of Czech Mathematicians and Physicists, Maths competitions, constructivism in Maths...

La tesi pretén demostrar la validesa d'un programa d'ensenyament i aprenentatge de les matemàtiques a l'educació primària, en base a un reforçament de la lectura dels problemes matemàtics. La fonamentació teòrica d'aquest programa és la Concepció Constructivista de l'Ensenyament i Aprenentatge i la metodologia utilitzada en la implementació del programa és l'ensenyament i aprenentatge estratègic , aplicat segons la seqüència metodològica proposada per Monereo. Un altre element determinant va ser la presentació de continguts molt contextualitzats a la realitat del grup al qual es va aplicar el programa. Els resultats aconseguits van confirmar la millora de rendiment dels infants des d'un punt de vista conceptual i procedimental, però sobretot una millora actitudinal relativa a un increment de motivació per la tasca. Els principis psicopedagògics en els que es fonamenta el model d'intervenció són: Prevenció del fracàs, atenció a la diversitat, foment del pensament crític, motivació, globalització i contextualitzacó i ensenyament estratègic. / La tesis pretende demostrar la validez de un programa de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la Educación Primaria, en base a un refuerzo de la lectura de los problemas matemáticos. El fundamento teórico de este programa es la Concepción Constructivista de la Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje y la metodología utilizada en la implementación del programa es la enseñanza y aprendizaje estratégico, aplicada según la secuencia metodológica propuesta por Monereo. Otro factor determinante ha sido la presentación de contenidos muy contextualizados a la realidad del grupo al cual se ha aplicado el programa. Los resultados logrados han confirmado la mejora de rendimiento del alumnado desde un punto de vista conceptual y procedimental, pero sobretodo una mejora actitudinal relativa a un incremento de motivación por la tarea. Los principios psicopedagógicos en los que se fundamenta el modelo de intervención son: Prevención del fracaso, atención a la diversidad, fomento del pensamiento crítico, motivación, globalización y contextualización y enseñanza estratégica. / The thesis aims to demonstrate the validity of a program of teaching and learning mathematics in primary education, based on strengthening the reading of mathematical problems. The theoretical foundation of this program is the Constructivist Conception of Teaching and Learning and the methodology used in implementing the program is learning strategies, applied according to methodological sequence, proposed by Monereo. Another important factor has been that contents of learning activities are highly contextualised to the real life of the group to which the program has been implemented. The results obtained have confirmed the improvement in student performance both in conceptual and procedural contents, but especially on attitudinal contents due to increased motivation for the task. Psycho-educational principles in underpinning the intervention model are: Prevention of failure, attention to diversity, promotion of critical thinking, motivation, globalization and contextualization and strategic teaching