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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-179).

Orientador: José Augusto Chinellato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T07:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perassa_EderArnedo_D.pdf: 3556275 bytes, checksum: c4e6180df4a4a5dcbfe476b7d331bee4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudamos os métodos de estatística bayesiana e máxima entropia na análise de dados em eventos de raios cósmicos. Inicialmente, fizemos um resumo sobre o desenvolvimento da física de raios cósmicos em que descrevemos alguns resultados teóricos e experimentais recentes. A seguir, apresentamos uma breve revisão do método bayesiano e o aplicamos na determinação da composição em massa dos primários em eventos de raios cósmicos. Além disso, introduzimos o método de máxima entropia e propomos um método de parametrização do perfil longitudinal de chuveiros atmosféricos extensos. Em todas as aplicações, foram mostrados os algoritmos desenvolvidos e os resultados obtidos a partir de dados de eventos simulados. Os resultados indicaram que tais métodos podem ser utilizados satisfatoriamente como ferramentas na análise de dados em eventos de raios cósmicos / Abstract: In this work, we study bayesian statistics and maximum entropy methods in cosmic ray events data analysis. At first, we summarized developments in cosmic rays physics, describing some recent theoretical and experimental results. We present briefly a review of bayesian method and apply it to the problem of determining mass composition primary cosmic ray events. Moreover, we introduce the maximum entropy method and propose a method for the parametrization of the longitudinal profile of extensive air showers. In all applications, the algorithms developed and the results obtained from simulated event data were shown. The results suggested that such methods can be satisfactorily used as tools in cosmic rays events data analysis / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências / 277612/2007 / CAPES

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Orientador: Jose Augusto Chinellato / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T22:35:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perassa_EderArnedo_M.pdf: 7742499 bytes, checksum: 5f8e2630e2b11b5f5965e6b95c19be9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Neste trabalho são estudados os métodos de estatística bayesiana e máxima entropia na análise de dados. É feita uma revisão dos conceitos básicos e procedimentos que podem ser usados para in-ferência de distribuições de probabilidade. Os métodos são aplicados em algumas áreas de interesse, com especial atenção para os casos em que há pouca informação sobre o conjunto de dados. São apresentados algoritmos para a aplicação de tais métodos, bem como alguns exemplos detalhados em que espera-se servirem de auxílio aos interessados em aplicações em casos mais comuns de análise de dados / Abstract: In this work, we study the methods of Bayesian Statistics and Maximum Entropy in data analysis. We present a review of basic concepts and procedures that can be used for inference of probability distributions. The methods are applied in some interesting fields, with special attention to the cases where there¿s few information on set of data, which can be found in physics experiments such as high energies physics, astrophysics, among others. Algorithms are presented for the implementation of such methods, as well as some detailed examples where it is expected to help interested in applications in most common cases of data analysis / Mestrado / Física das Particulas Elementares e Campos / Mestre em Física

<p> This thesis investigates the processing of emergency locator transmitter (ELT) signals which are used in search and rescue satellite-aided tracking (SARSAT) systems. Essentially, the system relies on the transmission of ELT signals from a distressed platform being relayed through an orbiting satellite to an earth station where signal processing can be performed. </p> <p> The methods of signal processing investigated here include both linear and nonlinear. The linear methods include the window function, the autocorrelation function, the digital filtering and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The nonlinear processing is based on the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) . In addition, additive white Gaussian noise has been added to simulate the performance under different carrier-to-noise density ratio conditions. </p> <p> For a single ELT signal, it is shown in the thesis that the MEM processor gives good spectral performance as compared to the FFT when applied to all types of modulation. When multiple ELT signals are present, the MEM also provides certain benefits in improving the spectral performance as compared to the FFT. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Potentially damaging submerged invasive freshwater macrophytes have been identified in South African freshwater systems, but have received less attention than their floating counterparts. To ascertain the changes and effects that these species may have on macrophyte ecology, an understanding of the drivers of macrophyte assemblages is essential. The aims of this thesis were to investigate select abiotic and biotic factors driving introduction, establishment and spread of submerged macrophytes in South Africa. Surveys on the status of submerged plant species in South Africa were conducted to find out the distribution and diversity of the species present, imported to, and traded in South Africa. Numerous submerged indigenous and invasive macrophyte locality records were collected during field surveys, of which many were first time records. Pet stores and aquarist trading activities were identified as potential vectors for the spread of submerged macrophytes through online surveys and personal interviews. These results highlighted the potential these species have for continuing to enter, and spread within South African water bodies. Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) is a general-purpose method used to predict or infer distributions from incomplete information, and was used here to predict areas suitable for the establishment of five of these invasive macrophytes. Many systems throughout South Africa, particularly those in the subtropical coastal regions, were found to be climatically suitable for the establishment of Elodea canadensis Michx., Egeria densa Planch., Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle (all Hydrocharitaceae), Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae), and Cabomba caroliniana Gray (Cabombaceae). Despite the high probability of invasion, facilitated by vectors and suitable climate, South Africa’s rich indigenous submerged aquatic flora may be preventing the establishment of these submerged invasive species. Studies on the competitive interactions between a common indigenous submerged macrophytes, Lagarosiphon major (Roxb.) (Hydrocharitaceae) and M.spicatum, an invasive native to Eurasia, were conducted to ascertain which conditions influence competitive superiority. High sediment nutrient conditions significantly increased the growth rate and competitive ability of both species, while clay sediments significantly increased the competitive ability of L. major over M. spicatum, but sandy sediments improved the competitive ability of M. spicatum. These results highlighted the dynamic changes in competition between submerged species driven by abiotic factors, but did not take into consideration the effect that herbivory, a biotic factor, could have on competition between the two species. The effect of herbivory by phytophagous insects of submerged plant species has been regarded as negligible. To find out what this effect is, multiple field surveys were undertaken throughout South Africa to find natural enemies of indigenous Lagarosiphon species with the aim of identifying such species, and quantifying their influence on plant growth dynamics. Several new phytophagous species were recorded for the first time. An ephydrid fly, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae) was ascertained to be the most ubiquitous and abundant species associated with L. major in South Africa. The influence of herbivory by this fly on the competitive ability of L. major in the presence of M. spicatum was investigated using an inverse linear model, which showed that herbivory by H. lagarosiphon reduced the competitive ability of L. major by approximately five times in favour of M. spicatum. This study served to highlight the importance of herbivory as a driver of submerged aquatic plant dynamics. Current ecological theory emphasises the importance of investigating beyond plant-herbivore interactions, by including multitrophic interactions in community dynamics. Therefore, the potential of parasitism by a parasitoid wasp, Chaenusa luteostigma sp. n. Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) on H. lagarosiphon to shift the competitive interactions between the two plant species was also examined. The addition of the parasitoid reduced the effect of herbivory by the fly on L. major by half, thereby shifting the competitive balance in favour of L. major over M. spicatum. This study provides valuable insight into a selection of drivers of submerged macrophyte assemblages of South Africa. It highlights the precarious position of South African freshwater systems with regard to the potential invasion by damaging submerged invasive species. It also provides interesting insights into the effect of competition, herbivory and parasitism on the establishment and spread of species within submerged freshwater systems. Understanding the different influences could assist managers and policy makers to make validated decisions ensuring the integrity of South African freshwater systems.

Ce travail de thèse se situe dans la thématique des oxydes dérivés de la pérovskite ayant des propriétés de conduction mixte tels que les structures de type K2NiF4, les pérovskites doubles et la brownmillérite. Cette aptitude à conduire à la fois l'oxygène et les électrons présente un intérêt pour des dispositifs électrochimiques fonctionnant à haute température et notamment en tant qu'électrode pour les piles à combustible à oxyde solide. Plus précisément, cette thèse concerne la synthèse et l'étude cristallochimique avancée de la réactivité de ces matériaux essentiellement par les grands instruments par le biais de la diffraction de neutrons (NPD) et des rayons X synchrotron. Le travail préliminaire à ces études implique de la synthèse inorganique par voie solide ou par voie sol-gel, l'analyse thermogravimétrique et la titration iodométrique. Des cellules de réactivité originales ont été développées spécialement à l'ISCR pour l'étude in situ du comportement redox sous différents flux gazeux et en fonction de la température à la fois dans le cadre de la diffraction des neutrons et rayons X synchrotron. L'étude in situ par NPD des composés La2-xSrxMnO4±δ où x = 2,0 et x = 0,8 qui dérivent du composé de cathode de référence La1-xSrxMnO3 a permis de suivre l'évolution structurale en fonction du δ en conditions réductrices pour x = 2,0 et en conditions oxydantes pour x = 0,8. L'étude DRX synchrotron de Pr2NiO4,22 a permis de mettre en évidence la symétrie monoclinique à température ambiante alors que les études précédentes annonçaient une symétrie orthorhombique. Les variations structurales notamment la transition vers la phase HTT sont accompagnées d'une modulation incommensurable qui persiste jusqu'à au moins 900 °C. L'étude des pérovskites doubles NdBaCo2−xMnxO5+δ où 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 a permis de montrer que ces matériaux présentent des conductivités électriques totales très prometteuses pour des applications en tant que cathode de SOFC. De plus, la confrontation de la dynamique moléculaire et de la NPD combinée à la MEM pour le composé x = 0 a permis d'élucider le mécanisme de diffusion de l'oxygène dans cette famille de composés. L'étude par NPD de la réduction de LaSrFeCoO6 vers LaSrFeCoO5 de structure brownmillérite a permis de mettre en évidence que la structure réduite persiste à haute température et l'évolution de la mise en ordre des moments magnétiques lors du refroidissement de LaSrFeCoO5. / This thesis is focused on oxides related to perovskite such as K2NiF4 structure-type, double perovskite and brownmillerite with mixed conduction properties. This ability to conduct both oxygen ions and electrons is relevant for electrochemical devices operating at high temperature, particularly as an electrode for solid oxide fuel cell. Specifically, this thesis deals with the synthesis and advanced crystal structure characterization of the reactivity of these materials mainly through large scale facilities by means of neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and X-ray synchrotron. Preliminary work in these studies involves inorganic synthesis by solid-state or by sol-gel route, thermogravimetric analysis and the iodometric titration. Original reactivity cells have been developed at the ISCR to study redox behavior under different gas flow and as a function of temperature for both neutron diffraction and X-ray synchrotron experiment. In situ study by NPD of La2-xSrxMnO4 ± δ compounds where x = 2.0 and x = 0.8 which derived from the compound cathode reference La1-xSrxMnO3 allowed to follow the structural evolution as a function of δ in reducing conditions for x = 2.0 and oxidizing conditions for x = 0.8. The synchrotron study of Pr2NiO4.22 helped to highlight the monoclinic symmetry at room temperature while previous studies announced an orthorhombic symmetry. Besides, structural changes including the transition to the HTT phase are accompanied by an incommensurable modulation that persists at least up to 900 °C. The study of double perovskites NdBaCo2-xMnxO5+δ where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 showed that these materials exhibit a promising electrical conductivities for SOFC applications as cathode. In addition, the comparison of the molecular dynamics and NDP combined with MEM for x = 0 compound has elucidated the oxygen diffusion mechanism in these compounds. The study by NPD in reducing condition of LaSrFeCoO6 to the brownmillerite LaSrFeCoO5 has showed that the reduced structure persists at high temperatures and allowed to follow the evolution in the ordering of the magnetic moments while cooling LaSrFeCoO5.

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