Orientador: Ana Maria Canesqui / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:28:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_ThaillyFariada_M.pdf: 631673 bytes, checksum: 8285bbbd218739debdedd7fb44d3d59f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este estudo insere-se na abordagem socioantropológica para analisar o significado atribuído à experiência do paciente com câncer de submeter-se ao tratamento quimioterápico, assim como as representações da enfermidade que a permeiam. A representação social e a experiência foram articuladas, uma vez que, representar e vivenciar a enfermidade leva-se em consideração sensações percebidas que são interpretadas pelos adoecidos. A investigação é pertinente devido à importância epidemiológica do câncer que se constitui problema de saúde pública e à escassez de pesquisas sobre as enfermidades crônicas na área de Antropologia e Saúde. Foi empregada a metodologia qualitativa na perspectiva socioantropológica, combinando as técnicas do relato oral, da observação em campo (residências, serviços de saúde) e da entrevista para coletar as informações sobre as quais se procedeu a análise de conteúdo temática. A análise foi feita usando-se os conceitos de experiência e representações sociais para compreender os sentidos e significados da doença, os tratamentos e a experiência do paciente e as ações empreendidas da doença e dos tratamentos. A seleção dos casos foi realizada guiando-se pelos critérios de analisar os aspectos da experiência com a doença e com o tratamento quimioterápico na perspectiva de cada gênero e pela disponibilidade de relato dos depoentes. Os dados foram agrupados em categorias temáticas para cada caso, analisando-se os seguintes aspectos: a descoberta da doença e as representações sociais do câncer; os itinerários terapêuticos; experiência com a doença e o tratamento quimioterápico; estratégias de enfrentamento e apoios recebidos. Conclui-se neste estudo, que o adoecimento por câncer consiste em um processo complexo que concilia experiência e representações entre as quais se estabelece uma complementação integrada para compreender a enfermidade do ponto de visto dos adoecidos. O adoecimento por câncer suscita ao indivíduo e sua família medos e incertezas diante do futuro, uma vez que, a representação da doença está ligada ao estigma, à morte e aos questionamentos sobre a sua origem. Diante das inúmeras mudanças que acontecem na vida dos adoecidos e de pessoas próximas a eles, após a descoberta do câncer, os enfermos buscam estratégias para lidar com a nova realidade. A análise dos casos permitiu a compreensão das diferenças de gênero existentes nos relatos dos entrevistados, principalmente as formas de lidar com a doença e as mudanças corporais que surgiram após a cirurgia e os efeitos colaterais da quimioterapia. Os estudos de caso mostraram a dimensão da experiência do adoecimento por câncer que apresentam impactos relevantes na vida dos enfermos, levando às mudanças no cotidiano e modificando planos / Abstract: This study is part of the anthropological approach to analyze the meaning attributed to the experience of the patient to undergo chemotherapy, as well as representations of illness that pervade cancer. The social representation and experience were articulated since, representing and experiencing the illness takes into account perceived sensations that are interpreted by the diseased. The research is relevant due to the epidemiological importance of cancer that constitutes a public health problem and the paucity of research on chronic diseases in the field of Anthropology and Health was used qualitative methodology in social anthropological perspective, combining the techniques of the oral report, the field observation (households, health services) and interview to collect information on which they proceeded to thematic content analysis. The analysis was done using the concepts of social representations and experience to understand the meanings of the disease, treatments and patient experience and the actions undertaken the disease and treatments. The selection of cases was made up by guiding criteria to analyze aspects of the experience with the disease and chemotherapy in the perspective of each gender and the availability of interviewees reporting. Data were grouped into thematic categories for each case by analyzing the following aspects: the discovery of the disease and the social representations of cancer; therapeutic itineraries; experience with the disease and chemotherapy, coping strategies and support received. It was concluded in this study that the disease cancer is a complex process that combines experience and representations between which establishes an integrated complement to understand the disease of vision of the diseased . Falling ill with cancer raises the individual and his family fears and uncertainties about the future, since the representation of the disease is linked to stigma, death and questions about its origin. Given the many changes happening in the lives of diseased and those close to them, after the discovery of cancer, the sick seek strategies to deal with the new reality. The analysis of the cases allowed the understanding of gender differences in the interviewees, especially the ways of dealing with illness and bodily changes that arose after the surgery and the side effects of chemotherapy. The case study showed the dimension of the experience of suffering from cancer that have significant impacts on the lives of sick, leading to changes in daily life and changing plans / Mestrado / Ciências Sociais em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

In medical anthropology there has been a tendency to dichotomize western biomedical . healtb services, on the one hand, and traditional health care practices on the other. Much attention has been focused on the comparison between these two approaches in the hope that they might be reconciled. The problem with this approach is twofold. In the first place, it has not always acknowledged the local, historic~1, political and economic contexts in which different approaches to health care have evolved and in the second place, health care services which belong to neither the western nor traditional healing spheres and which are driven by commercial interests have been almost completely neglected because they fall outside of the basic dichotomy. Amayeza stores have been a feature of South African towns and cities for many years. They mayor may not be run by Africans, but their clientele is almost exclusively African in this region. They deal in a bewildering variety of products and remedies, from untreated herbal and animal products to pharmaceuticals specially prepared for the African market, to Dutch and Indian Remedies. These stores both reflect transfonnations in indigenous perceptions of health care and, by virtue of the choices they offer, generate change. In this empirical study three stores in the Eastern Cape are selected for detailed study - two in King William's Town, the regional capital, and one in the small town of Peddie. The approach is holistic, emphasizing the social, political and economic context, the business histories and running of each shop, and, in particular, the perceptions and choices of a sample of the customers in each case. The success of the amayeza phenomenon derives from its eclecticism and syncretism. These stores impose neither a western nor a traditional model of health care on their clients, but offer them a range of choices that reflects the complex multicultural history of their own South African society.

Thalassaemia is a blood disorder prevalent amongst the Cypriot population because of genetic, ecological, and social reasons. Although a successful prevention system has been in place since the early 1980s, approximately 650 thalassaemia patients still live on the island whose births preceded the given system. For my fieldwork I spent a year in Cyprus with the PanCyprian Thalassaemia Association (PTA) – a patients group which acts as the main channel of politicisation for thalassaemia patients in Cyprus. By organising events such as conferences, fundraisers and workshops, the PTA strives to maintain the awareness of thalassaemia in the Cypriot public sphere. The association also maintains an agonistic yet healthy relationship with the Cypriot state. Thalassaemia treatment in Cy-prus is provided by public healthcare and, since its foundation in 1973, the PTA has won several skirmishes against the state on issues such as a more reliable blood supply, better provision of medicines, and more hospital space for patients. In addition, the PTA has forged numerous alliances with national and international organisations, patient associa-tions and scientific research bodies which have a decisive say in how thalassaemia comes to be enacted on a Cypriot and global level. Throughout the thesis I focus on the tactics the PTA uses to politically activate thalassaemia. As I argue, activating illness entails mak-ing discernible political dimensions of illness which previously evaded, or were left unac-counted, by public and governmental perceptions. In addition, through the anthropologi-cal analysis of PTA case studies, I develop tactics of my own by which patient associa-tions can activate illness. Through an ethnography and at the same time conceptual de-velopment of tactics, the thesis aims to fruitfully reconcile the ontology and politics of illness.

Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), defined by international law as constituting the Gaza Strip and the West Bank (the latter includes East Jerusalem), are among the highest recipients of international humanitarian aid per capita in the world. In Prolonged Humanitarianism: The Social Life of Aid in the Palestinian Territories, I examine the impact of primarily Western aid on Palestinian society in the present phase of de-development in the OPT (2010-2013). I examine four domains in particular: medical relief, psychosocial humanitarianism, gender-based interventions, and security-sector support. My research reveals the interlinked nature of these domains as well as the blurring of development and humanitarian assistance in the OPT. A central purpose of this research is to provide an ethnographic account of contemporary Palestinian subjectivity under prolonged humanitarian governance, thereby contributing to scholarship on conflict and violence, modern Middle Eastern studies, the anthropology of policy and humanitarianism, and critical development studies. / Anthropology

Condomless sex between gay men, also known as bareback sex, has been a popular object of research since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. One of the most common perspectives on studying bareback sex has been through a medicalization approach, as it may be observed notably with public health and psychology. In other instances, the abandonment of condom use is framed as an intentional act of resistance to public health. Through the methodological approach of ethnography, I studied how young gay men in their twenties from Toronto understand bareback sex in relations to popular discourses of the sexual practice. While my informants initially had a certain way of talking of bareback sex, their narratives on the sexual practice changed with time and challenged the common representations of bareback sex as either a site of resistance or medicalization, which I argue was possible because of the methodological approach of ethnography. During fieldwork, other themes also emerged in regards to shaping understandings of bareback sex and HIV as it relates to young gay men, such as the traumatic memories of an older generation who witnessed the earlier days of the AIDS epidemic. From this anthropological research, I seek to invite the opportunity to rethink the relationship between sex, biomedical science, and HIV.

The thesis was designed to gain insight into how Alzheimer’s disease influences selfhood from first-personal accounts of illness. The focus of the study was narrowed further by concentrating on the autobiographies of individuals diagnosed with Early-Onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD). The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the autobiographies of individuals with EOAD with the aim of understanding their selfhood. In this thesis I argue that, Alzheimer’s disease may influence a change in self, however, the self is not lost entirely. This thesis draws on the philosophical conception of narrated self as it allows for one perpetually constructed self, whereby a change in self does not necessarily mean the self is lost entirely. Through an interpretive analysis of six autobiographical accounts of Alzheimer’s, this thesis demonstrates that Alzheimer’s disease influences a loss of sense of self but that autobiography enables individuals with Alzheimer’s to (re)construct self.

This study explored the intercultural conflict between urban Nepalis, who believe in Western medicine, and the Jhakris, Nepalese traditional healers. Nepalis in Western influenced urban areas made traditional healing practices illegal, resulting in violent arrests and beatings of Jhakris by police and occasional violent retaliation by Jhakris. This research sought to understand the roots of the intercultural conflict between the urban Nepali society and the Jhakris, and suggest possible solutions to reduce this intercultural conflict. Interviews were conducted with eight members of each group. The data were analyzed by using a conflict styles framework. Westernized members of urban Nepali society ranked high on the Competing conflict style and the Jhakri community ranked high in Compromise and Problem-Solving styles. The perceived grievances of each group were summarized and it was concluded that people in both groups who have a choice of Western and Jhakri healing options might be best placed to begin working toward negotiation and mediation.

This is a qualitative study that seeks to understand the intersections of food insecurity and chronic diseases in the lives of women living in Mattapan. This research takes place in Mattapan, a neighborhood in Boston. Mattapan is a very diverse and unique community which is home to a majority of people of color. Mattapan is often criticized and viewed as an undesirable place to live for those who live outside of its borders. These negative stereotypes and the presence of structural violence has generated a built site scarcity within the Mattapan community. This makes it incredibly difficult for Black women in Mattapan to be healthy because their environment actively prevents them from doing so. It is important to give women special consideration when looking at food insecurity because more increasingly they are becoming the sole and primary caregivers in their homes. They are responsible for the production and preparation of food within their families. Therefore, it is necessary and important to focus on this particular population and obstacles they endure navigating those obstacles. This research focuses on how past and present lived experiences of women of color in Mattapan inform how these women identify, understand, define, and interpret structural factors that contribute to food insecurity, and chronic diseases. Having access to fresh and affordable food is one of the most basic necessities of life. Yet, many communities of color across the country lack this basic access. Twenty percent of all African American household’s experience food insecurity compared 12.5 percent of the nation as a whole. In addition, African-American women are almost twice as likely to be overweight and obese compared to non-Hispanic White women. With such grave proportions of African-Americans suffering from chronic diseases, it is important to consider the ways in which obesity systematically occurs. Structural violence and the presence of structural barriers inhibit Black women from eating healthy. In predominately Black and immigrant communities like Mattapan, the environment is a major barrier that women must navigate every day in order to achieve healthiness.

This thesis deals with the phenomenon of sleeping and its variations. It is the outcome of long-term field research and participant observation. At the core of my research is a sleep laboratory from which I freely venture into other fields. I draw not only on a number of interviews and observations but I also reflect upon my own physical experience with various sleeping modes or gained from the position of both the subject and supervisor of sleep medicine. By way of employing qualitative research methods I map the sphere of sleep as a social construct and its embedding as a value. I furthermore try to see how much the social construct of sleep can be influenced. I focus on the issue of the current value of sleep and the impacts on the formation of the social construct of sleep by society and a specific time period. I try to switch the perspective, too: my goal is to identify whether sleep is such a resistant phenomenon on the grounds of its biological essence so that it can withstand or at least moderate these forces. I take a theoretical recourse to medical anthropology and use it as my initial perspective. I employ the concept of biopower and risk society, as well as the methodology of carnal anthropology. Due to its inconspicuousness and hiddenness, I consider the phenomenon of sleep and other...

This diploma thesis focuses specifically on the phenomenon of self-medication with cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.) in the Czech Republic exploring subjective perception of this treatment by ill persons and its sociocultural framework. It describes a situation when the state fails to effectively regulate medical cannabis and patients often seek practices of self-medication, which remains illegal. Theoretical part of this thesis aims to explain the self- medication and cannabis use in the sociocultural context. Practical part is based on an anthropological research, which was implemented in the Czech Republic from January 1, 2017 to May 1, 2017 in a form of the on-line qualitative questionnaire survey. The research sample consists of 107 subjects, who used cannabis and its derives for self-medication. The analysis was done by the Grounded theory method. The results demonstrate that people who seek cannabis self-medication in the Czech Republic consider current legal regulation of cannabis objectionable. Cannabis plants for self-medication are usually grown at home and people find information about specifics of the treatment on-line. Looking at experience of patients, this thesis describes specifics of the practices of cannabis self-medication and it could be useful for organizations working with...