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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Élaboration d'ontologies médicales pour une approche multi-agents d'aide à la décision clinique / A multi-agent framework for the development of medical ontologies in clinical decision making

Shen, Ying 20 March 2015 (has links)
La combinaison du traitement sémantique des connaissances (Semantic Processing of Knowledge) et de la modélisation des étapes de raisonnement (Modeling Steps of Reasoning), utilisés dans le domaine clinique, offrent des possibilités intéressantes, nécessaires aussi, pour l’élaboration des ontologies médicales, utiles à l'exercice de cette profession. Dans ce cadre, l'interrogation de banques de données médicales multiples, comme MEDLINE, PubMed… constitue un outil précieux mais insuffisant car elle ne permet pas d'acquérir des connaissances facilement utilisables lors d’une démarche clinique. En effet, l'abondance de citations inappropriées constitue du bruit et requiert un tri fastidieux, incompatible avec une pratique efficace de la médecine.Dans un processus itératif, l'objectif est de construire, de façon aussi automatisée possible, des bases de connaissances médicales réutilisables, fondées sur des ontologies et, dans cette thèse, nous développons une série d'outils d'acquisition de connaissances qui combinent des opérateurs d'analyse linguistique et de modélisation de la clinique, fondés sur une typologie des connaissances mises en œuvre, et sur une implémentation des différents modes de raisonnement employés. La connaissance ne se résume pas à des informations issues de bases de données ; elle s’organise grâce à des opérateurs cognitifs de raisonnement qui permettent de la rendre opérationnelle dans le contexte intéressant le praticien.Un système multi-agents d’aide à la décision clinique (SMAAD) permettra la coopération et l'intégration des différents modules entrant dans l'élaboration d'une ontologie médicale et les sources de données sont les banques médicales, comme MEDLINE, et des citations extraites par PubMed ; les concepts et le vocabulaire proviennent de l'Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).Concernant le champ des bases de connaissances produites, la recherche concerne l'ensemble de la démarche clinique : le diagnostic, le pronostic, le traitement, le suivi thérapeutique de différentes pathologies, dans un domaine médical donné.Différentes approches et travaux sont recensés, dans l’état de question, et divers paradigmes sont explorés : 1) l'Evidence Base Medicine (une médecine fondée sur des indices). Un indice peut se définir comme un signe lié à son mode de mise en œuvre ; 2) Le raisonnement à partir de cas (RàPC) se fonde sur l'analogie de situations cliniques déjà rencontrées ; 3) Différentes approches sémantiques permettent d'implémenter les ontologies.Sur l’ensemble, nous avons travaillé les aspects logiques liés aux opérateurs cognitifs de raisonnement utilisés et nous avons organisé la coopération et l'intégration des connaissances exploitées durant les différentes étapes du processus clinique (diagnostic, pronostic, traitement, suivi thérapeutique). Cette intégration s’appuie sur un SMAAD : système multi-agent d'aide à la décision. / The combination of semantic processing of knowledge and modelling steps of reasoning employed in the clinical field offers exciting and necessary opportunities to develop ontologies relevant to the practice of medicine. In this context, multiple medical databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed are valuable tools but not sufficient because they cannot acquire the usable knowledge easily in a clinical approach. Indeed, abundance of inappropriate quotations constitutes the noise and requires a tedious sort incompatible with the practice of medicine.In an iterative process, the objective is to build an approach as automated as possible, the reusable medical knowledge bases is founded on an ontology of the concerned fields. In this thesis, the author will develop a series of tools for knowledge acquisition combining the linguistic analysis operators and clinical modelling based on the implemented knowledge typology and an implementation of different forms of employed reasoning. Knowledge is not limited to the information from data, but also and especially on the cognitive operators of reasoning for making them operational in the context relevant to the practitioner.A multi-agent system enables the integration and cooperation of the various modules used in the development of a medical ontology.The data sources are from medical databases such as MEDLINE, the citations retrieved by PubMed, and the concepts and vocabulary from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).Regarding the scope of produced knowledge bases, the research concerns the entire clinical process: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and therapeutic monitoring of various diseases in a given medical field.It is essential to identify the different approaches and the works already done.Different paradigms will be explored: 1) Evidence Based Medicine. An index can be defined as a sign related to its mode of implementation; 2) Case-based reasoning, which based on the analogy of clinical situations already encountered; 3) The different semantic approaches which are used to implement ontologies.On the whole, we worked on logical aspects related to cognitive operators of used reasoning, and we organized the cooperation and integration of exploited knowledge during the various stages of the clinical process (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, therapeutic monitoring). This integration is based on a SMAAD: multi-agent system for decision support.
2

CondBEHRT: A Conditional Probability Based Transformer for Modeling Medical Ontology

Lerjebo, Linus, Hägglund, Johannes January 2022 (has links)
In recent years the number of electronic healthcare records (EHRs)has increased rapidly. EHR represents a systematized collection of patient health information in a digital format. EHR systems maintain diagnoses, medications, procedures, and lab tests associated with the patients at each time they visit the hospital or care center. Since the information is available into multiple visits to hospitals or care centers, the EHR can be used to increasing quality care. This is especially useful when working with chronic diseases because they tend to evolve. There have been many deep learning methods that make use of these EHRs to solve different prediction tasks. Transformers have shown impressive results in many sequence-to-sequence tasks within natural language processing. This paper will mainly focus on using transformers, explicitly using a sequence of visits to do prediction tasks. The model presented in this paper is called CondBEHRT. Compared to previous state-of-art models, CondBEHRT will focus on using as much available data as possible to understand the patient’s trajectory. Based on all patients, the model will learn the medical ontology between diagnoses, medications, and procedures. The results show that the inferred medical ontology that has been learned can simulate reality quite well. Having the medical ontology also gives insights about the explainability of model decisions. We also compare the proposed model with the state-of-the-art methods using two different use cases; predicting the given codes in the next visit and predicting if the patient will be readmitted within 30 days.

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