Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine known to be involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis; however, also capable of inducing cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, IL-18, has been shown to bind to a novel receptor, the Na-Cl Co-transporter (NCC). We hypothesized that NCC mediates IL-18 metabolic and cardiac signaling in mice. Using male C57BL/6J mice, we compared the metabolic and cardiac function changes after at least 8 weeks of high-saturated fat high sugar diet (Western Diet) in NCC knockout (NCCKO), IL-18 knockout (IL-18KO), and wild-type mice. We show that NCCKO mice have significantly increased body weight gain from baseline, no difference in fasting blood glucose, and attenuated cardiac diastolic dysfunction after WD compared to wild-type mice. Collectively, the metabolic and cardiac phenotypes of NCCKO mice resembled that of the IL-18KO mice, indicating that NCC may mediate IL-18 signaling in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and cardiac dysfunction.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of a cloud-based CDS alerting system for SIRS, a precursor to sepsis, and sepsis itself, on adult patient and process outcomes at VCU Health System. The two main hypotheses are: 1) the implementation of cloud-based SIRS and sepsis alerts will lead to lower sepsis-related mortality and lower average length of stay, and 2) the implementation of cloud-based SIRS and sepsis alerts will lead to more frequent ordering of the Sepsis PowerPlan and more recording of sepsis diagnoses. To measure these outcomes, a pre-post study was conducted. A pre-implementation group diagnosed with sepsis within the year leading up to the alert intervention consisted of 1,551 unique inpatient visits, and the three-year post-implementation sample size was 9,711 visits, for a total cohort of 11,262 visits. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to test the hypotheses. Study results showed that sepsis-related mortality was slightly higher after the implementation of SIRS alerts, but the presence of sepsis alerts did not have a significant relationship to mortality. The average length of stay and the total number of recorded sepsis diagnoses were higher after the implementation of both SIRS and sepsis alerts, while ordering of the Sepsis Initial Resuscitation PowerPlan was lower. There is preliminary evidence from this study that more sepsis diagnoses are made as a result of alert adoption, suggesting that clinicians can consider the implementation of these alerts in order to capture a higher number of sepsis diagnoses.

Master of Philosophy / As Australia’s leading agency for funding health research (expending over $400 million in 2006), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has a major responsibility to improve the evidence base for health policy and practice. There is an urgent need for better evidence to guide policy and programs that improve the health of Indigenous peoples. In 2002, NHMRC endorsed a series of landmark policy changes to acknowledge its ongoing role and responsibilities in Indigenous health research—adopting a strategic Road Map for research, improving Indigenous representation across NHMRC Council and Principal Committees, and committing 5% of its annual budget to Indigenous health research. This thesis examines how these policies evolved, the extent to which they have been implemented, and their impact on agency expenditure in relation to People Support. Additionally, this thesis describes the impact of NHMRC policies in reshaping research practices among Indigenous populations.

<p>A qualitative descriptive study approach was used to gather the required information. The sample for this study was drawn from an existing group of volunteers who participated in the vaccine trial at Mbeya Medical Research Centre in 2006-2007. A purposive sampling method was used to select respondents because they had had experience of being participants in a HIV vaccine trial. Twenty audio recorded in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted at the clinic during their routine follow up visits. An open ended interview guideline was used to guide the discussion to elicit the required information from the respondents. The data was transcribed, translated and then analyzed by both content and thematic approach. Ethical procedures were observed, including getting permission from the local ethical committee in Mbeya region and participants were given an informed consent form to read and sign before starting the interview.</p>

No description available.

Ein zentrales Thema der medizinischen Informatik ist der institutionsübergreifende Austausch von Patientendaten zwischen den Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens. Die Notwendigkeit einer einheitlichen nationalen Telematikinfrastruktur für einen institutions-übergreifenden Austausch wurde auch von der Politik anerkannt. Dementsprechend wurde 2003 mit dem Gesetz zur Modernisierung der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GMG) der erste Grundstein gelegt. Eine der Anwendungen, die laut Gesetzgebung (§ 291a SGB V) über die Telematikinfrastruktur umgesetzt werden sollte, ist die sogenannte elektronische Patientenakte. Diese Anwendung sollte es dem Patienten ermöglichen, seine Versorgungsdaten in einer eigenen Dokumentation zu führen und mit den Systemen seiner Behandler elektronisch zu kommunizieren. Bei der Gesetzgebung wurde der Fokus sehr eng gefasst, um aus Datenschutzgründen eine enge Zweckbindung der elektronischen Patientenakte sicher zu stellen. Wichtige Themen wie die Partizipation der Bürger und Patienten an der medizinischen Forschung wurden ausgeklammert. Werden die Prozesse der elektronischen Datenerfassung in der Versorgung und in der medizinisch-klinischen Forschung (z. B. den Universitätskliniken) betrachtet, so fällt auf, dass relevante Daten für die Versorgung und die Forschung häufig identisch sind. Da die Systeme von Forschung und Versorgung aber getrennt voneinander betrieben werden, kommt es zu Doppelerfassungen. Diese Doppelerfassungen sind für einen Anwender, der Daten in beide Systeme eintragen muss, schwer nachvollziehbar - auch die gewünschte Partizipation der Patienten an Forschungsvorhaben ist so kaum möglich. Die grundlegende Idee dieser Arbeit ist es, eine Schnittstelle zwischen einer elektronischen Patientenakte und der medizinischen Forschung gemäß den Vorgaben der nationalen Telematikinfrastruktur zu konzipieren. Damit soll dem oben geschilderten Problem der Doppelerfassung von Patientendaten entgegengewirkt werden, indem mit Hilfe dieser Schnittstelle ein Austausch von Patientendaten über eine elektronische Patientenakte zwischen den Systemen der Versorgung und Forschung ermöglicht wird. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zunächst die Systeme der Versorgung und der Forschung analysiert und ein Kommunikationsmodell sowie Datenschutzanforderungen für die Kommunikation zwischen einer elektronischen Patientenakte und den Systemen der Forschung formuliert. Auf Grundlage des Kommunikationsmodells und der Datenschutzanforderungen wurden sowohl eine Fach- als auch eine Sicherheitsarchitektur für die Schnittstelle zwischen einer elektronischen Patientenakte und den Systemen der Forschung beschrieben. Als Ergebnis konnte herausgestellt werden, dass die Anbindung der IT-Systeme der medizinischen Forschung über eine elektronische Patientenakte sicher und datenschutzkonform umgesetzt werden kann. Abschließend wird der entstandene Ansatz mit bisherigen Lösungen zur Nutzung von Versorgungsdaten für die medizinische Forschung kritisch verglichen und die Stärken einer in der nationalen Telematikinfrastruktur integrierte Löschung gegenüber alleinstehenden Insellösungen hervorgehoben. Es wird herausgestellt, dass die grundlegenden Konzepte stehen, aber noch erheblicher Aufwand erbracht werden muss, um ein auf nationaler Ebene verfügbares System bereitzustellen. Vorschläge für die weiteren Arbeiten zu einem funktionierenden System sowie weitere Potentiale der Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit werden in einem Ausblick aufgezeigt.

<p>A qualitative descriptive study approach was used to gather the required information. The sample for this study was drawn from an existing group of volunteers who participated in the vaccine trial at Mbeya Medical Research Centre in 2006-2007. A purposive sampling method was used to select respondents because they had had experience of being participants in a HIV vaccine trial. Twenty audio recorded in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews were conducted at the clinic during their routine follow up visits. An open ended interview guideline was used to guide the discussion to elicit the required information from the respondents. The data was transcribed, translated and then analyzed by both content and thematic approach. Ethical procedures were observed, including getting permission from the local ethical committee in Mbeya region and participants were given an informed consent form to read and sign before starting the interview.</p>

Master of Philosophy / As Australia’s leading agency for funding health research (expending over $400 million in 2006), the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has a major responsibility to improve the evidence base for health policy and practice. There is an urgent need for better evidence to guide policy and programs that improve the health of Indigenous peoples. In 2002, NHMRC endorsed a series of landmark policy changes to acknowledge its ongoing role and responsibilities in Indigenous health research—adopting a strategic Road Map for research, improving Indigenous representation across NHMRC Council and Principal Committees, and committing 5% of its annual budget to Indigenous health research. This thesis examines how these policies evolved, the extent to which they have been implemented, and their impact on agency expenditure in relation to People Support. Additionally, this thesis describes the impact of NHMRC policies in reshaping research practices among Indigenous populations.

Introdução: Nos últimos vinte anos, estudos clínicos e experimentais demonstraram que as variações do ambiente materno (como o estresse precoce) associado à deficiência nutricional podem influenciar na saúde do indivíduo. Objetivo clínico: Determinar o impacto da interação entre o consumo alimentar das gestantes com o crescimento intrauterino em uma coorte de nascimentos. Objetivo experimental: Avaliar se o estresse neonatal, como a separação materna, interage com a deficiência nutricional de ácidos graxos (AG) poliinsaturados ômega-3 ao longo da vida em aspectos metabólicos em ratos adultos. Metodologia clínica: Trata-se de uma coorte envolvendo o recrutamento de nascimentos ocorridos nos hospitais de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Mães de diferentes históricos clínicos (hipertensão-GHAS, diabetes-GDM, tabagismo-GTAB, crianças com restrição de crescimento intrauterino por razão idiopática-GRCIU e controles-GCON) foram convidadas a participar 24 horas após o nascimento da criança. Foram utilizadas as variáveis da entrevista do pós-parto (sociodemográficas e antropométricas das mães e dos recém-nascidos-RNs) e domiciliar aos 7 dias de vida da criança (questionário de frequência alimentar). A coorte está em andamento para outros acompanhamentos (15 dias e 1, 3 e 6 meses de vida da criança). O tamanho da amostra final constitui-se de, no mínimo, 20 pares mãe-RNs por grupo e 150 indivíduos no total. Metodologia experimental: Os filhotes de ratos foram randomizados em: Grupo Separação Materna (GSM) e Grupo Não-Manipulado (GNM), sendo filhotes separados removidos de suas mães durante 3 horas diárias do dia 1º ao 10º pós-natal (DPN) e colocados em incubadora a 32ºC. No DPN 35, os machos foram subdivididos em dois grupos de acordo com dieta adequada ou deficiente em AG poliinsaturados ômega-3, nas subsequentes 15 semanas de vida. O peso corporal e o consumo alimentar dos ratos eram mensurados semanalmente e ao final do tratamento as amostras de tecidos foram coletadas. Resultados clínicos: Entre Setembro de 2011 a Julho de 2013, 255 puérperas foram elegíveis para o estudo, sendo que 218 (14,5%) aceitaram participar e 182 (16,5%) apresentavam dados completos para análise. Ao comparar-se as puérperas elegíveis com as recusas (n=37) não houve diferenças significativas entre qualquer variável, entretanto, as puérperas do seguimento apresentaram média de idade superior em relação às perdas (p=0,010). O GHAS apresentou média de idade superior em relação ao GTAB e GRCIU (p=0,007), já o GRCIU apresentou peso pré-gestacional inferior em comparação ao GDM (p=0,022) e GHAS (p=0,003). Apenas o GHAS apresentou peso pré-gestacional e ganho de peso gestacional superior ao GCON (p=0,002; p=0,018). Os valores de peso ao nascer do GRCIU foram inferiores em comparação aos demais grupos e o peso ao nascer do GDM foi superior ao GTAB (p<0,001). O comprimento ao nascer do GRCIU foi diferente de todos os outros (p<0,001), exceto o GHAS. A média do perímetro cefálico do GRCIU foi significativamente diferente dos demais grupos (p<0,001). Não houve diferença entre o consumo de macronutrientes e o perfil de AG entre as mães dos diferentes grupos. Todavia, o consumo do AG 20:4 n-6 foi maior no GHAS e a razão n-6/n-3 menor no GDM em relação ao GCON. Observou-se que não houve associação entre o consumo alimentar das gestantes e o peso ao nascer. Resultados experimental: Ratos do GSM apresentaram consumo alimentar maior (p=0,047) e ganharam mais peso (p=0,012), porém, o conteúdo de neuropeptídeo Y não variou entre os grupos. Ratos do GSM também apresentaram maior deposição de gordura abdominal (p<0,001) e triglicerídeos plasmáticos (p=0,018), quando comparados ao GNM. Interação entre estresse neonatal e deficiência de AG poliinsaturados ômega-3 foi encontrada com insulina plasmática (p=0,033), índice de HOMA (p=0,049), leptina (p=0,01) e expressão de PEPCK hepática (p=0,05), no qual a vulnerabilidade metabólica no GSM foi agravada com a dieta inadequada em AG poliinsaturados ômega-3. Houve associações entre alterações específicas no perfil de AG periféricos (p<0,05). Conclusões: Assim, os achados clínicos sugerem que, a curto prazo, o consumo de AG das gestantes não influenciou o peso ao nascer dos RNs entre os diferentes ambientes intrauterinos, porém o GHAS possuiu maior consumo de AA e o GDM menor relação n-6/n-3. Os achados experimentais sugerem que as variações no ambiente neonatal interagem, a longo prazo, com a deficiência dietética de n-3 PUFAs, alterando a vulnerabilidade metabólica de ratos adultos. / Introduction: In the last twenty years, clinical and experimental studies have shown that perinatal events (how early stress) associated with nutritional deficiency may influence in the individual health. Clinical objective: To assess the impact of interaction between the food consumption with the infant intrauterine growth in the birth cohort. Experimental objective: To assess whether an early stressful event such as maternal separation interacts with the nutritional availability of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during the life course on metabolic aspects. Clinical methods: This is a cohort involving the recruitment of births in hospitals in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Mothers from different clinical backgrounds (hypertensive-GHAS, diabetics-GDM, smokers-GTAB, having an intrauterine growth restriction for idiopathic reasons-GIUGR, and controls-GCON) were be invited twentyfour hours after the child birth. It was used data in postpartum interview (economic, social and anthropometric measures) and in home visit interview at 7 days of life (food frequency questionnaire). The cohort is ongoing and there are still the interviews: 15 days and 1, 3 and 6 month of life. The sample size consists in 20 mother-child pairs per group and 150 pairs in total. Experimental methods: Litters rats were randomized into: maternal separated group (GMS) and non-handled group (GNH). The GMS was removed from their dam for 3 hours per day on days 1º to 10º postnatal (PND) and put in an incubator at 32ºC. On PND 35, males were subdivided into two groups diets that were adequate or deficient in n-3 PUFAs, and this intervention was applied during the subsequent 15 weeks. Animal’s body weight and food consumption were measured weekly, and at the end of the treatment samples of tissues were collected. Clinical results: From September 2011 to July 2013, 255 postpartum women were eligible, 218 (14.5%) agreed to participate and 182 (16.5%) had complete data for analysis. Comparing with the women eligible, refusals (n=37) have no significant differences between the variables, however, these mothers showed more average age (p=0.010) than lost. The GHAS had a mean age higher than the GTAB and GIUGR (p=0,007). The GRCIU presented prepregnancy weight lower compared to GDM (p=0,022) and GHAS (p=0.003). Only GHAS presented prepregnancy weigh and gestational weight gain above the GCON (p=0.002; p=0.018). The values of GRCIU birth weight were lower compared to the other groups and the birth weight of GDM was higher than GTAB (p<0.001). The birth length of GRCIU was different from all others (p<0.001), except in GHAS. The average of GIUGR head circumference was significantly different from the other groups (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between macronutrient intake and fatty acid profile (AG) among mothers of different groups. However, consumption AG 20:4 n-6 was higher in GHAS and the ratio of n-6/n-3 is lower in GDM compared GCON. We observed no association between dietary intake of pregnant women and birth weight. Experimental results: MS was associated with increased food intake (p=0.047) and weight gain (p=0.012), but no differences were found in the NPY hypothalamic content between the groups. MS rats had also increased deposition of abdominal fat (p<0.001) and plasma triglycerides (p=0.018) when compared to the GNH. Interactions between early life stress and n-3 PUFAs deficiency were found in plasma insulin (p=0.033), HOMA index (p=0.049), leptin (p=0.010) and liver PEPCK expression (p=0.05), in which the metabolic vulnerability in the GMS was aggravated by the n-3 PUFAs deficient diet exposure. This was associated with specific alterations in the peripheral fatty acid profile (p<0.05). Conclusions: Thus, the clinical findings suggest that in the short term, AG consumption pregnant women did not influence intrauterine growth of children from different intrauterine environments, but the GHAS have more consumption of AA and GDM lower ratio n-6/n-3. Experimental findings suggest interacts variations in neonatal environment in the long term, with n-3 PUFAs deficient diet exposure, increasing the metabolic vulnerability in adult rats.

Introdução: Nos últimos vinte anos, estudos clínicos e experimentais demonstraram que as variações do ambiente materno (como o estresse precoce) associado à deficiência nutricional podem influenciar na saúde do indivíduo. Objetivo clínico: Determinar o impacto da interação entre o consumo alimentar das gestantes com o crescimento intrauterino em uma coorte de nascimentos. Objetivo experimental: Avaliar se o estresse neonatal, como a separação materna, interage com a deficiência nutricional de ácidos graxos (AG) poliinsaturados ômega-3 ao longo da vida em aspectos metabólicos em ratos adultos. Metodologia clínica: Trata-se de uma coorte envolvendo o recrutamento de nascimentos ocorridos nos hospitais de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Mães de diferentes históricos clínicos (hipertensão-GHAS, diabetes-GDM, tabagismo-GTAB, crianças com restrição de crescimento intrauterino por razão idiopática-GRCIU e controles-GCON) foram convidadas a participar 24 horas após o nascimento da criança. Foram utilizadas as variáveis da entrevista do pós-parto (sociodemográficas e antropométricas das mães e dos recém-nascidos-RNs) e domiciliar aos 7 dias de vida da criança (questionário de frequência alimentar). A coorte está em andamento para outros acompanhamentos (15 dias e 1, 3 e 6 meses de vida da criança). O tamanho da amostra final constitui-se de, no mínimo, 20 pares mãe-RNs por grupo e 150 indivíduos no total. Metodologia experimental: Os filhotes de ratos foram randomizados em: Grupo Separação Materna (GSM) e Grupo Não-Manipulado (GNM), sendo filhotes separados removidos de suas mães durante 3 horas diárias do dia 1º ao 10º pós-natal (DPN) e colocados em incubadora a 32ºC. No DPN 35, os machos foram subdivididos em dois grupos de acordo com dieta adequada ou deficiente em AG poliinsaturados ômega-3, nas subsequentes 15 semanas de vida. O peso corporal e o consumo alimentar dos ratos eram mensurados semanalmente e ao final do tratamento as amostras de tecidos foram coletadas. Resultados clínicos: Entre Setembro de 2011 a Julho de 2013, 255 puérperas foram elegíveis para o estudo, sendo que 218 (14,5%) aceitaram participar e 182 (16,5%) apresentavam dados completos para análise. Ao comparar-se as puérperas elegíveis com as recusas (n=37) não houve diferenças significativas entre qualquer variável, entretanto, as puérperas do seguimento apresentaram média de idade superior em relação às perdas (p=0,010). O GHAS apresentou média de idade superior em relação ao GTAB e GRCIU (p=0,007), já o GRCIU apresentou peso pré-gestacional inferior em comparação ao GDM (p=0,022) e GHAS (p=0,003). Apenas o GHAS apresentou peso pré-gestacional e ganho de peso gestacional superior ao GCON (p=0,002; p=0,018). Os valores de peso ao nascer do GRCIU foram inferiores em comparação aos demais grupos e o peso ao nascer do GDM foi superior ao GTAB (p<0,001). O comprimento ao nascer do GRCIU foi diferente de todos os outros (p<0,001), exceto o GHAS. A média do perímetro cefálico do GRCIU foi significativamente diferente dos demais grupos (p<0,001). Não houve diferença entre o consumo de macronutrientes e o perfil de AG entre as mães dos diferentes grupos. Todavia, o consumo do AG 20:4 n-6 foi maior no GHAS e a razão n-6/n-3 menor no GDM em relação ao GCON. Observou-se que não houve associação entre o consumo alimentar das gestantes e o peso ao nascer. Resultados experimental: Ratos do GSM apresentaram consumo alimentar maior (p=0,047) e ganharam mais peso (p=0,012), porém, o conteúdo de neuropeptídeo Y não variou entre os grupos. Ratos do GSM também apresentaram maior deposição de gordura abdominal (p<0,001) e triglicerídeos plasmáticos (p=0,018), quando comparados ao GNM. Interação entre estresse neonatal e deficiência de AG poliinsaturados ômega-3 foi encontrada com insulina plasmática (p=0,033), índice de HOMA (p=0,049), leptina (p=0,01) e expressão de PEPCK hepática (p=0,05), no qual a vulnerabilidade metabólica no GSM foi agravada com a dieta inadequada em AG poliinsaturados ômega-3. Houve associações entre alterações específicas no perfil de AG periféricos (p<0,05). Conclusões: Assim, os achados clínicos sugerem que, a curto prazo, o consumo de AG das gestantes não influenciou o peso ao nascer dos RNs entre os diferentes ambientes intrauterinos, porém o GHAS possuiu maior consumo de AA e o GDM menor relação n-6/n-3. Os achados experimentais sugerem que as variações no ambiente neonatal interagem, a longo prazo, com a deficiência dietética de n-3 PUFAs, alterando a vulnerabilidade metabólica de ratos adultos. / Introduction: In the last twenty years, clinical and experimental studies have shown that perinatal events (how early stress) associated with nutritional deficiency may influence in the individual health. Clinical objective: To assess the impact of interaction between the food consumption with the infant intrauterine growth in the birth cohort. Experimental objective: To assess whether an early stressful event such as maternal separation interacts with the nutritional availability of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during the life course on metabolic aspects. Clinical methods: This is a cohort involving the recruitment of births in hospitals in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Mothers from different clinical backgrounds (hypertensive-GHAS, diabetics-GDM, smokers-GTAB, having an intrauterine growth restriction for idiopathic reasons-GIUGR, and controls-GCON) were be invited twentyfour hours after the child birth. It was used data in postpartum interview (economic, social and anthropometric measures) and in home visit interview at 7 days of life (food frequency questionnaire). The cohort is ongoing and there are still the interviews: 15 days and 1, 3 and 6 month of life. The sample size consists in 20 mother-child pairs per group and 150 pairs in total. Experimental methods: Litters rats were randomized into: maternal separated group (GMS) and non-handled group (GNH). The GMS was removed from their dam for 3 hours per day on days 1º to 10º postnatal (PND) and put in an incubator at 32ºC. On PND 35, males were subdivided into two groups diets that were adequate or deficient in n-3 PUFAs, and this intervention was applied during the subsequent 15 weeks. Animal’s body weight and food consumption were measured weekly, and at the end of the treatment samples of tissues were collected. Clinical results: From September 2011 to July 2013, 255 postpartum women were eligible, 218 (14.5%) agreed to participate and 182 (16.5%) had complete data for analysis. Comparing with the women eligible, refusals (n=37) have no significant differences between the variables, however, these mothers showed more average age (p=0.010) than lost. The GHAS had a mean age higher than the GTAB and GIUGR (p=0,007). The GRCIU presented prepregnancy weight lower compared to GDM (p=0,022) and GHAS (p=0.003). Only GHAS presented prepregnancy weigh and gestational weight gain above the GCON (p=0.002; p=0.018). The values of GRCIU birth weight were lower compared to the other groups and the birth weight of GDM was higher than GTAB (p<0.001). The birth length of GRCIU was different from all others (p<0.001), except in GHAS. The average of GIUGR head circumference was significantly different from the other groups (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between macronutrient intake and fatty acid profile (AG) among mothers of different groups. However, consumption AG 20:4 n-6 was higher in GHAS and the ratio of n-6/n-3 is lower in GDM compared GCON. We observed no association between dietary intake of pregnant women and birth weight. Experimental results: MS was associated with increased food intake (p=0.047) and weight gain (p=0.012), but no differences were found in the NPY hypothalamic content between the groups. MS rats had also increased deposition of abdominal fat (p<0.001) and plasma triglycerides (p=0.018) when compared to the GNH. Interactions between early life stress and n-3 PUFAs deficiency were found in plasma insulin (p=0.033), HOMA index (p=0.049), leptin (p=0.010) and liver PEPCK expression (p=0.05), in which the metabolic vulnerability in the GMS was aggravated by the n-3 PUFAs deficient diet exposure. This was associated with specific alterations in the peripheral fatty acid profile (p<0.05). Conclusions: Thus, the clinical findings suggest that in the short term, AG consumption pregnant women did not influence intrauterine growth of children from different intrauterine environments, but the GHAS have more consumption of AA and GDM lower ratio n-6/n-3. Experimental findings suggest interacts variations in neonatal environment in the long term, with n-3 PUFAs deficient diet exposure, increasing the metabolic vulnerability in adult rats.