<p>Background: Children in our present society spend more time sedentary, and food has become more accessible. It is important to pay attention to obese children, because of the risk for serious diseases in the future. Obesity can also cause mental suffering for the child. </p><p>Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the nurse’s care of obese children. </p><p>Method: The study was carried out as a literature review. The articles were examined by qualitative content analysis.</p><p>Result: It was shown to be necessary with a change in the child’s lifestyle and behaviour to make treatment of obesity possible. It was shown that the family was an important resource for the child’s behavioural change. The nurse’s role was to support and counsel the family. It was important that the child achieved a healthy attitude towards food. It was also of great significance that the nurse worked to reduce factors in the child’s environment that lead to a sedentary behaviour, and motivated the child to perform a physical activity that was fun. Surgery of the stomach is a last resort for morbidly obese adolescents. It was important for the nurse to remember that participation in weight-loss programs could negatively affect the self-confidence of the child. </p><p>Conclusion: The most important role for the nurse was to engage and motivate the whole family to a change of lifestyle.</p>

<p>Background: Obesity is one of the fastest growing medical conditions both for children and adults. Children with overweight/obesity risk to be exposed to social discrimination and stigmatization from peers. Stigmatization is when the society labels an individual that deviates from what is considered normal behaviour. Purpose: The aim of this literature review was to describe potential stigmatization of children with overweight/obesity. Method: The study was carried out as a general literature review study. The search was performed in the following databases: Pubmed, Cinahl, Elin@Kristianstad and obesityresearch.org. Results: The analysis of the articles included in this study resulted in four categories; the importance of parents' influence, the obese child’s own responsibility, self-esteem of overweight/obese children and selection of overweight/obese children as playmates. Discussion: Parents behaviour and own stereotypes influence children's attitudes towards obese people. Knowledge has a limited effect on counteracting stigmatization. Self-esteem of overweight/obese children is not necessarily lowered because of the stigmatization they meet. Children do not want overweight/bold peers as friends. Nurses must be conscious about their own biases and stereotypes towards overweight/obese patients. </p>

<p>Background: In Sweden the healthcare has moved from the homes to the hospitals, as the system has developed. Parents were not allowed to visit their children when they were hospitalised in the past. It was noticed in the beginning of the 20th century that it might be harmful for the children to be left without parents at the hospital. Today it is considered a fact that the parents should stay with their hospitalised children and the healthcare is based on a family-centered care. </p><p>Aim: The aim of this literature study was to elucidate parents experience when having hospitalised children. </p><p>Method: Eleven scientific articles were analysed on the basis of qualitative content analysis. Units of meaning were selected and divided in main and sub categories. </p><p>Results: The result shows that it is stressing to have hospitalised children. Parents experience need of information and support. The parents experience a need to be close to their children and to attend the healthcare on own conditions in order to be able to cope with the situation. </p><p>Discussion: It is not a common situation for parents to have their child hospitalised. Nurses should therefore get information about each specific family in order to support the family in their situation. </p>

<p>BAKGRUND: Debriefingens användande är relativt nytt inom sjukvården och dess effekt debatteras bland forskare. Sjuksköterskor utsätts för många extrema och känsloladdade situationer, debriefing kan då vara något som stöttar i vardagen. SYFTE: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hur yrkesverksamma sjuksköterskor ser på betydelsen av debriefing. METOD: En litteraturstudie gjordes och en deduktiv metod användes för att identifiera mönster och skapa kategorier. RESULTAT: I resultatet presenteras sex kategorier: meningsfullhet-, icke meningsfullhet, begriplighet-, icke begriplighet, hanterbarhet-, och icke hanterbarhet. DISKUSSION: Både positiva och negativa aspekter av debriefing har uppmärksammats och det framgick att debriefing upplevdes som positivt på mer än ett sätt. Deltagarna insåg att de inte var ensamma om sina känslor och kommunikationen ökade precis som det ömsesidiga stödet. Andra menar att debriefing hjälper att minska utbrändhet. Dock är inte alla bekväma i situationen att dela sina känslor i grupp. SLUTSATS: Vi anser att debriefing ska finnas som ett alternativ, men viljan att delta ska vara fri. Det är viktigt att informera vårdpersonal om att sessionen kan inverka positivt på så väl privatliv som arbetsliv. Behoven hos individer ser olika ut och det är viktigt att vi som sjuksköterskor uppmärksammar detta. </p>

<p>Bakgrund: Övervikt under uppväxtåren har ökat markant de senaste åren, 20-25% av Sveriges tioåringar är idag överviktiga. För att häva denna utveckling krävs att bland annat sjuksköterskor utövar förebyggande arbete. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hur sjuksköterskor kan förebygga övervikt/fetma hos barn och ungdomar. Metod: Studien är en systematisk literaturstudie och bygger på tio vetenskapliga artiklar samt en avhandling. Dessa har granskats och analyserats. Kategorisering och materialet gjordes med hjälp av Kims domäner med anvisningar för en modell för deduktiv metoanalys.Resultat: Sjuksköterskors förebyggande arbete med barn i tidig ålder krävs för att häva utvecklingen av övervikt/fetma. En modell skulle kunna vara vägledande för sjuksköterskor för att ge information och undervisning samt att motivera och engagera hela familjen. Diskussion: Brist på engagemang och motivation hos barn och föräldrar hämmar preventionsarbetet. Sjuksköterskornas bemötande bör vara individanpassat. En modell som hjälp för sjuksköterskors preventionsarbete har framtagits i studien utifrån Kims domäner. </p>

<p>Diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are two of the most common diseases in the world and the amount are increasing. The treatments of these diseases are self care and a change of lifestyle. For this to be successful there is a need for the person to have knowledge about the diseases and a motivation for making changes in his or her lifestyle. Most of this information is given by the district nurse at the health centre. It is important to get a better knowledge of these persons experiences and how they used the information given to them. The purpose of this study was to describe how persons, with both diabetes mellitus type 2 and COPD, think about the information given by the nurse at the health centre. Eleven persons were interviewed and the transcripts were analysed using content analysis. The results where separated into different categories: trust, involvation, increase in their belief in their own efforts, lack of individualising and continuity, insufficient and left out information. The result indicated that the district nurses need to develop their ability to a more active listening to the persons. This could lead to better motivation and strength in their ability to self care.</p>

<p>Background: Patients with cancer of the lung have to endure a quantity of physical, psychological and social difficulties. In their exposed position they are in need of help and support to pull through the situation. With the knowledge of factors effecting lung cancer patients’ quality of life, it will be easier to give the help and support they need. </p><p>Aim: The aim of this study was to describe factors effecting lung cancer patients quality of life from the patient’s perspective. </p><p>Method: The study is based on a systematic literature review where eight articles were used and analysed with a qualitative checklist. </p><p>Result: Quality of life in lung cancer patients is influenced by physical, psychological and social factors. The physical factors are sleep-wake disturbances, fatigue, dyspnoea, and cancer stage and cell type. The psychological factors involve depression and distress. The social factors contain socioeconomic status, age and gender. </p><p>Conclusions: Factors effecting lung cancer patients’ quality of life mostly consists of symptoms related to the disease. These affect the patients’ state in a negative way. The nurse plays an important role in relieving these symptoms, which leads to a better quality of life of the patient. </p>

<p>Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common hereditary disease that leads to an early death. Earlier CF was considered as a childhood disease but today the expected age is 50 years. CF affects all the epithelial cells in the body which makes mucus and other body fluids more viscous than normal. The thick mucus leads to among other things respiratory problems and infections of the lungs. Today there is no cure, only medicines that controls the symptoms.</p><p>Aim: To describe parents experiences living with a child with CF. </p><p>Method: The study was carried out as a literature review. The articles were examined by qualitative content analysis. </p><p>Result: The study showed that having a child CF takes a great deal of effort from the parents. The family must adjust to the time consuming daily care of the child. This can lead to a strain relationship between the parents. The uncertain future leads to distress for the parents. It is important that the contact between the medical care and the family is well functioning in this the nurse has a central role.</p><p>Conclusion: One of the most important tasks the nurse has is to look at the family from an overall point of view. It is important to support the whole family not just the individual with the disease.</p>

<p>Bakgrund: Trycksår är en vanligt förekommande komplikation i samband med sjukdom och därpå följande vård och behandling. De flesta trycksår går att förebygga genom primär prevention. Studiens syfte var att belysa hur sjuksköterskor på Sri Lanka uppfattar och bedömer trycksår samt beskriver trycksårsprevention. Metod: Studien bygger på 8 semistrukturerade intervjuer med srilankesiska BSc-studerande sjuksköterskor. Insamlad data analyserades genom innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade tre huvudfynd; att mätinstrument inte används för att riskbedömma patienter, hur preventiv omvårdnad utförs samt anhörigas delaktighet i basal omvårdnad. Slutsats: För att ge alla patienter bästa möjliga vård bör sjuksköterskor ständigt hålla sig uppdaterade med senaste evidensbaserad forskning.</p>

<p>Venous leg ulcers are a chronic disease mostly among elderly individuals. The leg ulcers are often painful and interfere with the individual’s daily life. The aim of this literature review was to describe individuals’ experiences of living with venous leg ulcers. The nursing staffs often focus on the ulcer and its treatment. To be able to handle individuals with a chronic disease in a professional way it is important to recognise and understand the whole individual behind the disease. 13 scientific articles were found in the databases; Cinahl, Elin@kristianstad, PubMed, SveMed+. An analyse resulted in three central categories; living with pain, a restricted life, a changed self-esteem. The result showed that individuals with venous leg ulcers have different experiences. The conclusion showed the importance of recognising the individuals’ lives with leg ulcers in a holistic perspective.</p>