Includes bibliographical references and index.

by Wong Dart-man. / Bibliography: leaves 107-114 / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1982

by Wong Siu-Kuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 76-92.

by Suet-ching Leung. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 170-198.

by Wong Chun-kwok. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-246). / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.V / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VI / PUBLICATIONS --- p.IX / CHAPTER / Chapter 1. --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- EFFECTOR CELLS MEDIATING ANTI一TUMOR IMMUNITY --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- MACROPHAGES --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- NATURAL KILLER CELLS --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- LYMPHOKINE ACTIVATED KILLER CELLS --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2 --- BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS : THE NEW IMMUNOTHERAPY --- p.9 / Chapter 1. 3 --- CYTOKINES AS BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS IN CANCER THERAPY --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- INTERFERONS --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- INTERLEUKIN-1 --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- INTERLEUKIN-2 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- GRANULOCYTES /MACROPHAGES COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.6 --- EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.7 --- TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- BIOACTIVE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CHINESE MEDICINAL HERBS ACT AS BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS --- p.18 / Chapter 2. --- AIM AND SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION --- p.27 / Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- MATERIALS --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- METHODS --- p.39 / Chapter (I) --- "EXTRACTION, FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA" / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Hot water extraction and stepwise alcohol precipitation --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Determination of carbohydrate, protein, uronic acid contents" --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Gel filtration --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Anion-exchange chromatography --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Paper chromatography --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Gas liquid chromatography --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Determination of molecular weight by high performance liquid chromatography --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Determination of the bio´ؤtoxicity of samples --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Treatment of samples with sodium periodate or acetic acid --- p.46 / Chapter (II) --- ASSAYS OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON LYMPHOCYTES / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Isolation and preparation of cells --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.12 --- In vitro lymphocyte transformation assay --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.13 --- Mixed lymphocyte culture --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.14 --- Depleting mouse T cells by anti-Thy-1.2 antibody plus complement treatment --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.15 --- Depleting mouse B cells by anti-mouse B cell antibody plus complement treatment --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.16 --- Haemolytic plaque assay --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.17 --- Delayed-type hypersensitivity --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.18 --- Immunofluorescent assay for interleukin-2 receptor expression --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.19 --- Assay of murine interleukin-2 --- p.55 / Chapter (III) --- ASSAYS OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON MACROPHAGES / Chapter 3.2.20 --- Assay of murine interleukin-1 --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.21 --- In vivo migration of macrophages --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.22. --- Assay of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.23 --- Northern blotting of mRNA of β-actin gene extracted from peritoneal exudate cells --- p.57 / Chapter (IV) --- ASSAYS OF ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA / Chapter 3.2.24 --- Assay of anti-tumor activity in vitro --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.25 --- Assay of anti-tumor activity in vivo --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.26 --- Priming effect of different fractions for the induction of TNF-α in mice --- p.63 / Chapter 3 .2.27 --- In vitro stimulation of TNF-α release from resting peritoneal macrophages --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.28 --- Effects of P. heterophylla polysaccharides on TNF-α and IFN-gamma production as well as EAT growth in vivo --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.29 --- Macrophage-mediated cytostatic activity --- p.65 / Chapter 3 2.30 --- Assay of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity --- p.66 / Chapter 3 2.31 --- Assay of natural killer cell activity --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.32 --- Assay of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes --- p.68 / Chapter (V) --- ASSAYS FOR THE EFFECTS OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON THE PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MURINE BONE MARROW CELLS AND MYELOID LEUKAEMIC Ml CELLS / Chapter 3.2.33 --- Assay of proliferation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.34 --- Assay of differentiation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.35 --- Assay of differentiation of Ml cells --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.36 --- Induction of GM-CSF from bone marrow cells and Ml cells --- p.71 / Chapter (VI) --- ASSAYS OF THE IMMUNORESTORATIVE PROPERTIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA / Chapter 3.2.37 --- Immunorestoration in tumor-bearing mice --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.38 --- Immunorestoration in aged mice --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.39 --- Immunorestoration in cyclophosphamide- treated mice --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.40 --- Statistical analysis --- p.73 / Chapter 4. --- "EXTRACTION, FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MITOGENIC FRACTIONS FROM PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA" / INTRODUCTION --- p.74 / RESULTS --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1 --- Extraction and fractionation of Pseudostellaria heterophylla --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2 --- Gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3 --- Characterization of bioactive fractions from Pseudostellaria heterophylla --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4 --- Mitogenic activity of fraction PH-I on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5 --- Mitogenic effect of PH-I on murine lymphocytes in vivo --- p.102 / Chapter 4.6 --- Effect of PH-I on polyclonal B cell activation --- p.102 / Chapter 4.7 --- Adjuvant effect of PH-I on antibody response to SRBC in vivo --- p.106 / Chapter 4.8 --- Evidences to support the mitogenic activity of PH-I is due to its polysaccharide rather than due to the contamination by LPS --- p.106 / Chapter 4.9 --- The effects of PH-I on IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.110 / Chapter 4.10 --- The mitogenic activity of the purified fractions on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.110 / Chapter 4.11 --- Adjuvant effect of PH-I Ab on antibody response to SRBC in vivo --- p.116 / Chapter 4.12 --- Mitogenic effect of PH-I C on murine lymphocytes in vivo --- p.116 / Chapter 4.13 --- Evidences to support the mitogenic activity of PH-I Ab is due to its polysaccharide rather than due to the contamination by LPS --- p.122 / DISCUSSION --- p.122 / Chapter 5. --- IMMUNOMODULATING AND ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF ALCOHOL- INSOLUBLE FRACTION (PH-I) FROM THE HOT WATER EXTRACT OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA / INTRODUCTION --- p.133 / RESULTS --- p.135 / Chapter 5.1 --- Effect of PH-I on cytokine production --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2 --- In vivo activation of macrophages by PH-I --- p.135 / Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of PH-I on the activation of β-actin gene transcription in peritoneal macrophages --- p.142 / Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of PH-I on the in vitro growth of various tumor cell lines --- p.142 / Chapter 5.5 --- Immunorestoration of PH-I on the mitogenic response in EAT-bearing mice --- p.147 / DISCUSSION --- p.147 / Chapter 6. --- IMMUNOMODULATING AND ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF PURIFIED FRACTIONS SEPARATED FROM PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA / INTRODUCTION --- p.154 / RESULTS --- p.157 / Chapter 6.1 --- In vitro anti-tumor activities of P. heterophylla --- p.157 / Chapter 6.2 --- In vivo anti-tumor activities of P. heterophylla --- p.165 / Chapter 6.3 --- Effect of P. heterophylla fractions on induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity --- p.165 / Chapter 6.4 --- Effect of PH-I fraction on the cytotoxic alloreactive T lymphocytes in vitro --- p.165 / Chapter 6.5 --- Effect of P. heterophylla on the production of TNF-α and IFN-gamma --- p.170 / Chapter 6.6 --- Effect of P. heterophylla on the activation of macrophages --- p.176 / Chapter 6.7 --- "Effect of P. heterophylla on the activation of NK, LAK and TIL" --- p.181 / Chapter 6.8 --- The effect of combined treatment of EAT-bearing mice with P. heterophylla amd Mur-TNF-α on the growth of EAT cells in vivo --- p.181 / Chapter 6 9 --- Immunorestorative activities of P. heterophylla in aged mice and cyclophosphamide-treated mice --- p.187 / DISCUSSION --- p.187 / Chapter 7. --- EFFECTS OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MURINE BONE MARROW CELLS AND MYELOID LEUKAEMIC Ml CELLS / INTRODUCTION --- p.200 / RESULTS --- p.202 / Chapter 7.1 --- Effect of P. het erophyl1a on the proliferation and differentiation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.202 / Chapter 7 .2 --- Effects of P. heterophyl la on the proliferation and differentiation of murine myeloid leukaemia Ml cells --- p.205 / Chapter 7 .3 --- Effects of P. heterophylla on GM-CSF production by bone marow cells and myeloid leukaemia Ml cells --- p.214 / DISCUSSION --- p.218 / Chapter 8. --- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.223 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.233

by Suk Che Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Dedication --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of Chinese Medicinal Herbs containing essential oils --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Introduction of Chinese Medicinal Herbs --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Chinese Medicinal Herbs containing essential oils --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Recognition of Chinese Medicinal Herbs --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Traditional method in recognition of Chinese Medicinal Herbs (CMH) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Instrumental Methods for the recognition of CMH --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The use of GC and GC/MS on CMH --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Motivation and objective of this research --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Motivation --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Objective of this research --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of the methodology and arrangement of the thesis --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Experimental Setup --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Reagents and materials --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reagents and glassware --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Materials --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample pretreatment --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Extraction of essential oils from the herbal samples --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Traditional extraction methods for essential oils --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Extraction by hydrodistillation using Dean and Stark-type trap --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Comparison with literature data --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Reproducibility of the extraction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Recovery test --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter3: --- Instrumental Analysis of the Essential Oils --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- GC analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Instrumental settings --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- The use of GC in the analysis of essential oils --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Qualitative data --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Quantitative data --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Dilution strategy --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Precision test --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- Linearity --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- GC/MS analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Instrumental settings --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- The use of GC/MS in the analysis of essential oils --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Identification by GC/MS --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Abundance information --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Results --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Precision test --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Linearity --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Detection limit --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Chromatographic patterns of herbal samples obtained by GC/MS --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Development of a system for recognition --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Analysis of chromatographic patterns --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Extraction of “effective´ح peaks --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Extraction of “characteristic´ح peaks --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Library section --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Calculation of relative retention indices --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Normalization factors --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4 --- Matching section --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Overview of the matching method --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Input --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Matching strategy --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Matching algorithms --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- "Matching with “characteristic"" peaks" --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- Matching with “effective´ح peaks --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Calculation of similarity scores --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Output --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Performance of the proposed recognition system --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- Recognition performance of the database --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Definition of similarity --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Performance test of the recognition method --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Candidates in the library file --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Unknown not found in the library file --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Information drawn from the scores --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.3.1 --- Recognition of the unknown sample in terms of similarity --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.3.2 --- Relationship between the herbal drugs --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Applicability of the proposed methodology --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- Limitation of the proposed methodology --- p.81 / Chapter 5.4 --- Future prospect --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion --- p.83 / References --- p.86 / Appendices / Chapter A. --- Linearity of calibration graphs using GC --- p.A1 / Chapter B. --- Linearity of calibration graphs using GC/MS --- p.A3 / Chapter C. --- GC/MS chromatograms of the herbal samples --- p.A5 / Chapter D. --- "Relative retention times of “effective"" and ""characteristic"" peaks" --- p.A28

Chan Shun Wan. / "August 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-235). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Lee Kin Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-225). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.vii / ABSTRACT IN CHINESE --- p.ix / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xv / CONTENTS --- p.xvi / Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Cordyceps --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Pharmacological Functions of Cordyceps --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Anti-tumor Activities --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Immunomodulatory Activities --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Hepatic Functions --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.1.4 --- Cardiovascular Functions --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.1.5 --- Renal Functions --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- Biological Activities of Cordycepin --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Inhibition of RNA Synthesis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Disruption of Microtubule Network --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Methylation --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Enhancement of Cell Differentiation --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Anti-tumor Activity --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Anti-fungal Activity --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3 --- Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Incidence and Risk Factor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Hepatic Resection --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Liver Transplantation --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Non-surgical Therapeutic Modalities for Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HepG2 --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Multidrug Resistant Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line R-HepG2 --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4 --- Multidrug Resistance of Tumor Cells --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Multidrug Resistance Mediated by P-Glycoprotein --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Location and Structure of P-Glycoprotein --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Substrates of P-Glycoprotein --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Mechanism of Action of P-Glycoprotein --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by Chemosensitizers --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5 --- Leukemia / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Acute Myeloid Leukemia --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia and Treatment --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Lines --- p.30 / Chapter 1.5.3.1 --- HL-60 --- p.30 / Chapter 1.5.3.2 --- NB-4 --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objectives of Study --- p.33 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Study of Biological Activities of Cordyceps militaris --- p.33 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Study of Anti-tumor Activity of Cordycepin --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Animal --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cell Culture --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Cell Lines --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Cell Culture Media --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Buffers and other Reagents --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Reagents and Buffers for Different Assays --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Reagents and Buffers for Flow Cytometry --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Reagents and Buffers for DNA Fragmentation Assay --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.3.3 --- Reagents and Buffers for Western Blot Analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 2.1.3.4 --- Reagents and Buffers for Caspases Activities --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.3.5 --- Reagents and Buffers for Cell Surface Marker (CD3，CD4 and CD8) Staining --- p.48 / Chapter 2.1.3.6 --- Reagents and Buffers for Cytokine Determination --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of Water Extract of Cordyceps militaris --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- MTT Assay --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- In Vivo Anti-tumor Study --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Preparation of Splenic Lymphocytes --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Lymphoproliferation Test --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- "Cell Surface Marker (CD3, CD4 and CD8) Staining" --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Measurement of Cytokine Production by ELISA --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- In Vivo Study of the Toxicity of WECM --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Cell Cycle Analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- DNA Fragmentation Assay --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Cell Morphology Study --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.12 --- Detection of Apoptotic Cells with Annexin V-FITC/PI --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.13 --- Detection of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential by JC-1 Fluorescent Dye --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.14 --- Simultaneous Detection of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.15 --- Western Blot Analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.15.1 --- Total Protein Extraction --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.15.2 --- Determination of Protein Amount --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.15.3 --- SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.15.4 --- Electroblotting of Protein --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.15.5 --- Probing of Proteins with Antibodies --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.15.6 --- Enhanced Chemiluminescence (ECL) Assay --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.15.7 --- Extraction of Cytosolic Protein --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.16 --- Determination of Caspases Enzymatic Activity --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.16.1 --- Extraction of Proteins --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.16.2 --- Determination of Caspase-3 Activity --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.16.3 --- Determination of Caspase-8 Activity --- p.66 / Chapter 2.2.16.4 --- Determination of Caspase-9 Activity --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.17 --- Hemolysis Assay --- p.69 / Chapter 2.2.18 --- Measurement of Intracellular Doxorubicin Accumulation --- p.69 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- ANTI-TUMOR AND IMMUNO- MODULATORY EFFECTS OF cordyceps militaris --- p.71 / Chapter 3.1 --- In Vitro Anti-tumor Study of Water Extract of Cordyceps militaris (WECM) --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2 --- In Vitro Study of Immunomodulatory Effect of WECM --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3 --- In Vivo Anti-tumor Study of WECM --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4 --- Anti-tumor Effect of WECM Mediated by Stimulating T-cell Proliferation --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5 --- Toxicity Studies of WECM --- p.92 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF cordyceps militaris --- p.97 / Chapter 4.1 --- "Anti-proliferative Study of D-mannitol, Adenosine and Cordycepin (3'deoxyadenosine)" --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2 --- Anti-proliferative Study of Doxorubicin --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3 --- Accumulation of Doxorubicin in HepG2 and R-HepG2 Cells --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4 --- Cytotoxicity Study of Cordycepin and Doxorubicin on Normal Liver Cells --- p.114 / Chapter 4.5 --- Hemolytic Study of Cordycepin --- p.116 / Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- MECHANISTIC STUDY OF CORDYCEPIN IN THE INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS IN LEUKEMIA CELLS --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1 --- Cell Cycle Analysis of Leukemia Cells --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2 --- Hallmarks of Apoptosis --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Induction of Phosphatidylserine Externalization in Leukemia Cells by Cordycepin --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Induction of DNA Fragmentation in Leukemia Cells by Cordycepin --- p.127 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Morphological Changes in Leukemia Cells Induced by Cordycepin --- p.130 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Caspase-3 Activation in Leukemia Cells Induced by Cordycepin --- p.133 / Chapter 5.3 --- Study of the Underlying Mechanisms of Cordycepin-induced Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells --- p.140 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Induction of Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization in Leukemia Cells --- p.140 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Elevation of Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide Level in Cordycepin-treated Leukemia Cells --- p.144 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Induction of Cytochrome c Release from Mitochondria of Leukemia Cells --- p.148 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Caspase-9 Activation in Leukemia Cells Induced by Cordycepin --- p.150 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Involvement of Bcl-2 Family Members in Cordycepin-induced Apoptosis --- p.153 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Involvement of Death Receptor Pathway in Cordycepin-induced Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells --- p.159 / Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- MECHANISTIC STUDY OF CORDYCEPIN IN THE INDUCTION OF CELL CYCLE ARREST IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS --- p.164 / Chapter 6.1 --- Cell Cycle Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells --- p.165 / Chapter 6.2 --- Expression of Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins in Cordycepin-treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells --- p.170 / Chapter 6.3 --- Increased Expression of p21 in Cordycepin-treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells --- p.176 / Chapter 6.4 --- Involvement of p53 in G2/M Phase Arrest of the Cell Cycle in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells --- p.178 / Chapter 6.5 --- Induction of Apoptosis in Cordycepin-treated R-HepG2 cells --- p.180 / Chapter CHAPTER 7: --- DISCUSSION --- p.185 / Chapter 7.1 --- In Vitro and In Vivo Studies in the Biological Activities of WECM --- p.186 / Chapter 7.2 --- Induction of Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells by Cordycepin --- p.192 / Chapter 7.3 --- Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Cordycepin --- p.202 / Chapter CHAPTER 8: --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.210 / REFERENCES --- p.214

Sephton, Carmen Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-144). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter A. --- Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Chapter B. --- Abstract in English --- p.iii / Chapter C. --- Abstract in Chinese --- p.v / Chapter D. --- Table of Contents --- p.vii / Chapter E. --- List of Abbreviations --- p.xii / Chapter D. --- Table of Contents / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Basic background of TCM --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Choosing TCM Over Western Medication --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- TCM Clinical Trials --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Evidence Based Medicine and Good Clinical Practice --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of ICH GCP guidelines used for evaluation --- p.15 / Chapter 2. --- Aim and Objectives --- p.18 / Chapter 3. --- Method --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Rational for choosing the two studies for comparison --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Literature Search --- p.25 / Chapter 4. --- Method - Traditional Chinese Medicine clinical trial --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- Protocol Development --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2 --- Consent Form Development --- p.28 / Chapter 4.3 --- Ethics Committee Submission and Approval --- p.29 / Chapter 4.4 --- Case Report Form Development --- p.29 / Chapter 4.5 --- Investigator Folder Development --- p.32 / Chapter 4.6 --- GCP Documentation Collection and Development --- p.33 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Curriculum Vitae Collection --- p.33 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Site Personnel Log --- p.34 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Subject Screening Log --- p.34 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Subject Identification Code List --- p.35 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Subject Enrolment Log --- p.35 / Chapter 4.7 --- Medication --- p.36 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Capsules --- p.36 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Randomisation Code --- p.39 / Chapter 4.7.3 --- Labelling of Study Medication --- p.40 / Chapter 4.7.4 --- Storage --- p.40 / Chapter 4.7.5 --- Drug Accountability --- p.40 / Chapter 4.8 --- Investigator Brochure --- p.41 / Chapter 4.9 --- Monitoring --- p.41 / Chapter 5. --- Method - Western medication clinical trial --- p.42 / Chapter 5.1 --- Protocol Development --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2 --- Consent Form Development --- p.43 / Chapter 5.3 --- Ethics Committee Submission and Approval --- p.43 / Chapter 5.4 --- Case Report Form Development --- p.43 / Chapter 5.5 --- Investigator Folder Development --- p.44 / Chapter 5.6 --- GCP Documentation Collection and Development --- p.44 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- Curriculum Vitae Collection --- p.44 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Site Personnel Log --- p.45 / Chapter 5.6.3 --- Subject Screening Log --- p.45 / Chapter 5.6.4 --- Subject Identification Code List --- p.45 / Chapter 5.6.5 --- Subject Enrolment Log --- p.45 / Chapter 5.7 --- Medication --- p.46 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- Tablets --- p.46 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- Randomisation Code --- p.46 / Chapter 5.7.3 --- Labelling of Study Medication --- p.47 / Chapter 5.7.4 --- Storage --- p.47 / Chapter 5.7.5 --- Drug Accountability --- p.48 / Chapter 5.8 --- Investigator Brochure --- p.48 / Chapter 5.9 --- Monitoring --- p.48 / Chapter 6. --- Results & Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 6.1 --- Protocol Development --- p.49 / Chapter 6.2 --- Consent Form Development --- p.59 / Chapter 6.3 --- Case Report Form Development --- p.65 / Chapter 6.4 --- Ethics Committee --- p.67 / Chapter 6.5 --- Investigator Folder Development --- p.68 / Chapter 6.6 --- GCP Documentation --- p.68 / Chapter 6.7 --- Medication --- p.69 / Chapter 6.7.1 --- Study Medication --- p.69 / Chapter 6.7.2 --- Randomisation Code and Code Break Envelops --- p.71 / Chapter 6.7.3 --- Labelling --- p.71 / Chapter 6.7.4 --- Storage --- p.73 / Chapter 6.8 --- Investigator Brochure (IB) --- p.73 / Chapter 6.9 --- Monitoring Visits --- p.75 / Chapter 6.9.1 --- Source document verification --- p.76 / Chapter 6.10 --- Results of Literature Search --- p.80 / Chapter 7. --- Discussion --- p.95 / Chapter 7.1 --- Discussion on the implementation of GCP in the two clinical trials evaluated --- p.95 / Chapter 7.2 --- Role and Importance of the Study Monitor & Results of Source Document Verification --- p.99 / Chapter 7.3 --- Blinding & randomisation procedures --- p.103 / Chapter 7.4 --- Good clinical Practice & TCM clinical trials --- p.103 / Chapter 7.5 --- Performing Literature Search in Preparation for TCM Clinical Trials --- p.110 / Chapter 7.6 --- Standardisation of Herbs and GMP Issues --- p.112 / Chapter 7.7 --- TCM Medical Practitioner (Investigator) Selection --- p.116 / Chapter 7.8 --- Method of Diagnosis --- p.117 / Chapter 7.9 --- Randomisation & Blind Assessment (placebo or control treatment) --- p.118 / Chapter 7.10 --- Adverse Events in TCM Clinical Trials --- p.122 / Chapter 7.11 --- Other Issues or Considerations & Future Work to be Performed at the CPSU --- p.122 / Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter 9. --- Reference List --- p.127 / Chapter 10. --- Appendices --- p.145

Wang Xin Ning. / "May 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-236). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.