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Since the invention of the cinema, people have been taking home movies. The everincreasing popularity of this activity has produced a hundred years worth of amateur film culture which is in desperate need of preservation. As film archival and public history have coalesced in the past thirty years around the idea that every person’s history is important, home movies represent a way for those histories to be preserved and studied by communities and researchers alike. The University of Central Florida is in a perfect position to establish an archive of this nature, one that is specifically dedicated to acquiring, preserving, and presenting the home movies of Central Florida residents. This project has resulted in the establishment of The Central Florida Home Movie Archive, and the resulting analysis will show that the archive will be a benefit for researchers from all areas of academic study as well as the residents of Central Florida.

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The dorsal CA2 subregion (dCA2) of the hippocampus exerts a critical role in social novelty recognition (SNR) memory and in the promotion of social aggression. Whether the SNR memory and social aggression functions of dCA2 are related or represent independent processes is unknown. Here I investigated the hypothesis that an animal is more likely to attack a novel compared to familiar animal and that dCA2 promotes social aggression through its ability to distinguish between novel and familiar animals. To test this hypothesis, I conducted a multi-day resident intruder (R-I) test to assess aggression towards familiarized and novel conspecifics. I found that residents were indeed more likely to attack a novel intruder, and that silencing of dCA2 caused a more profound suppression of aggression towards a novel than a familiarized intruder. To explore whether and how dCA2 pyramidal neurons encode aggression, I recorded calcium signals from resident dCA2 pyramidal neurons using microendoscopy during the R-I test. I found that a fraction of dCA2 neurons were selectively activated or inhibited during exploration, dominance, and attack behaviors and that the responses varied with conspecific novelty. Based on dCA2 population activity, a set of binary linear classifiers could accurately predict whether an animal was engaged in each of these forms of social behavior. Notably, the accuracy of decoding aggression was greater for novel compared to familiar intruders. Moreover, calcium signals were more highly correlated during R-I tests with the same familiarized intruder on successive days compared to R-I tests with a familiar and novel intruder on successive days. Similarly, I found significant cross-day decoding results during attack-related behaviors towards familiar-familiar but not for familiar-novel intruder pairs. Together, these findings demonstrate that dCA2 integrates social experience to guide future behavior and provides insight into how SNR memory adaptively influences aggressive behavior. Encounters with novel intruders generally promote aggression while familiarization leads to its stabilization. Moreover, my results are consistent with the hypothesis that dCA2 promotes aggression by computing social novelty.

Complex social connections are essential for health and survival, and memory-impacting disorders like schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease can be debilitating for the relationships between patients and loved ones. To form and sustain relationships requires the ability to, first, identify strangers versus familiar individuals (identification) and, second, revise one’s representations of them based on past experience (learning). This ability is called social memory. A range of evidence confirms that the CA2 subregion of the hippocampus is crucial for social memory, and CA2-specific abnormalities are linked to social memory deficits in disease mouse models. However, the specific social cues that CA2 processes to inform social memory—as well as how CA2 adapts its responses to representations of other individuals through learning and experience—remains unclear.Since mice rely most heavily on olfaction to investigate conspecifics, odor sensory cues likely inform the basis of social identification processes in the murine brain. Furthermore, the hippocampus receives information from the olfactory bulb through the entorhinal cortex, suggesting that CA2 may be capable of processing odor sensory information for memory storage. It is already known the neighboring hippocampal subregion CA1 processes nonsocial odor cues and encodes the relationship between nonsocial odors and positive valence through learned experience. Therefore, since CA2 is necessary for social recognition overall, and since it is possible CA2 receives odor information through the same circuits as CA1, I hypothesized that CA2 processes social odor cues for social identification and combines this information with contextual information to develop and maintain social memory. In my thesis, I used two-photon calcium imaging to confirm that CA2 indeed encodes and distinguishes social odors belonging to unique individuals, as well as nonsocial odors. I also found that CA2 neurons adapt their responses to odor stimuli when a reward contingency is introduced—pairing some odors and not others with an artificial reward. Intensive decoding analyses further revealed that CA2 is capable of forming a generalized or abstract representation of social versus nonsocial and rewarded versus unrewarded social odor stimuli. Finally, with archaerhodopsin-mediated CA2 silencing, I confirmed that CA2 is necessary for social—but not nonsocial—odor-reward associative learning, further promoting the specificity of this brain region in the encoding of socially-relevant episodic memory. A link exists between CA2-specific dysfunction (namely, poor CA2 neuronal excitability) and social recognition deficits in the Df(16)A+/- microdeletion mouse model of the human 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome—in which nearly a third of patients develop schizophrenia. I next hypothesized that CA2 in this model has a deficit in processing social sensory cues and forming the appropriate association between those cues and learned valence. Indeed, I discovered behavioral deficits in both social and nonsocial odor-reward associative learning in the Df(16)A+/- model. I further showed that CA2 is important in this impairment because selective expression of a dominant negative TREK-1 potassium channel subunit, which has been shown to improve CA2 function in these mice, rescued the deficits in social and nonsocial odor-reward learning. With two-photon imaging, I found that CA2 neurons in Df(16)A+/- mice were able to discriminate between social and nonsocial odors with an accuracy that was similar to that seen in wild-type mice, which was surprising given the CA2-dependent deficit in odor-reward learning in the Df(16)A+/- mice. However, the Df(16)A+/- mice did show a reduced fraction of neurons that were selectively activated by the rewarded odor compared to the wild-type mice. Perhaps the most salient finding is that CA2 representations in Df(16)A+/- mice showed a reduced generalized or abstract coding of odor-reward across the social and nonsocial odor categories. This suggests that the Df(16)A+/- mice failed to generalize the task variable of reward, but rather learned separate rules for social and nonsocial odor-reward association. This is reminiscent of a reduction in abstract thought in individuals with schizophrenia. Overall, my thesis provides evidence for the first time that CA2 encodes social odors and odor-reward learned experiences, that these identification and learning-related adaptation mechanisms are impaired in a disease model harboring social memory deficits, and that specific manipulations to restore CA2 function can rescue abnormal learning in this model. These results reinforce the notion that CA2 may provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in restoring cognitive function associated with neuropsychiatric disease.

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The utility of selective retrieval processes in our everyday lives is evident across the varied contexts we are subjected to as human beings. Memory is characterised by an unlimited storage capacity, but limited retrieval capacity. Subsequently, we are selective in what we remember in a given context in order to use memory in an adaptive manner. Previous theory places memory at the centre of deriving and maintaining a sense of self and personal identity. In contrast however, the extent to which memory serves the representation of social identities and the groups to which they are linked is unclear. As social identities are said to be the extension of the self to the social context, the present empirical investigation examined the role of selective processes of retrieval and forgetting on the remembrance of social identity and group-based information in the areas of gender, religious, partisan, and ideological identity. Findings illustrated that we implicitly preserve and retrieve information that is relevant to our sense of social identity, whilst forgetting and implicitly diminishing information that is irrelevant. The findings also established that information retrieved not only pertains to the in-groups in which we seek membership, but also of opposing out-groups that seek to contrast and potentially challenge our in-group's worldview. Furthermore, mechanisms and structures that support the representation of self were extended to the findings, delineating how processes of organisational and distinctive processing support the retrieval of social identity-based information of relevance and importance. The thesis concludes with the assertion that memory is not only the looking glass through which we see the reflection of the self, but also serves to act as the reflection through which we acquaint ourselves with, and relate ourselves to, our significant others in the social context.

Tsui Chung Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 247-251). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter One: --- Effective memory cues are the keys to sustain collective memory in China --- p.13 / Chapter 1.1 --- Cultural dimension: the Chinese sustainable chain of memories --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2 --- Social dimension: collective memory in the city --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Psychological dimension: effective memory cues to sustain collective memory --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Effective tangible cues in Guangdong cities --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1 --- Regional level study: a region developed with the landscape --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2 --- City level study: the landscape as reference for planning --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3 --- Architectural level study: the place that persists through time --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- From tangible memory cues to intangible memory cues --- p.104 / Chapter 3.1 --- Scene: the visualization of the city --- p.105 / Chapter 3.2 --- Text: the highlight of the city's characters --- p.123 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- The inter-relationships of the memory cues in Huizhou --- p.133 / Chapter 4.1 --- Huizhou: a city evolved with the landscape --- p.136 / Chapter 4.2 --- City Planning of Huizhou as shaped by the landscape --- p.164 / Chapter 4.3 --- Manifesting landscape into place: the maintaining of the spirit of the place in Huizhou inner city --- p.170 / Chapter 4.4 --- Extracting tangible memory cues to intangible ones: texts and scenes on the West Lake --- p.198 / Chapter 4.5 --- Incarnating intangible memory cues to tangible ones: the formation of new places --- p.212 / Chapter 4.6 --- The intertwining of cffective memory cues in Huizhou: the: Lake-City-River relationship --- p.224 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Principles to revitalize the inter-relationship of the effective memory cues in Huizhou --- p.231 / Chapter 5.1 --- Revitalizing the landscape and place in Huizhou --- p.232 / Chapter 5.2 --- Extracting the distinctiveness of the landscape and place in Huizhou into visualized and readable forms through public participations --- p.235 / Chapter 5.3 --- Incarnating the texts and distinctive scenes in Huizhou into recreated physical environment --- p.239 / Chapter 5.4 --- Reinforcing the l.ake-City-River relationship through the recreation of the water bodies --- p.242 / Conclusions --- p.245 / Bibliography --- p.247 / Attachment: Urban morphology of Guangdong cities in late imperial China

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of History

Orientador: Maria Lygia Quartim de Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / O exemplar do AEL pertence a Coleção CPDS / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T05:20:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MarioAugustoMedeirosda_M.pdf: 6118266 bytes, checksum: 16997026b4f8b12b2985d001bd1e3e6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O assunto da dissertação é: as memórias de antigos guerrilheiros urbanos e suas análises sobre o período da luta armada, da experiência de prisão e/ou exílio, bem como do retorno ao Brasil e à sociedade brasileira. Os escritores e as obras estudados são: Renato Carvalho Tapajós (Em Câmara Lenta, 1977, Ed. Alfa-Ômega), Fernando de Paula N. Gabeira (O que é isso, companheiro?, 1979, Ed. Codecri & O Crepúsculo do Macho, 1980, Ed. Codecri), Alfredo Hélio Sirkis (Os Carbonários: memórias da guerrilha perdida, 1980, Ed. Global & Roleta Chilena, 1981, Ed. Record) e Reinaldo Guarany Simões (Os Fornos Quentes, 1978, Ed. Alfa-Ômega &A Fuga, 1984, Brasiliense). Foram realizadas entrevistas com todos os autores (à exceção de Fernando Gabeira), bem como de seus editores. A idéia foi realizar um estudo de trajetórias políticas e pessoais, (visando o balanço das experiências e as motivações pessoais e/ou políticas para escrever sobre elas) baseados na analise narrativa, dos depoimentos concedidos e de pesquisa realizada em arquivos, jornais, revistas e dossiês dos aparelhos repressivos e informativos do Estado à época (DEOPS) / Abstract: The issue of this thesis is: the memories of former members of urban guerrilla on Brazil and their analyses on armed struggle period, of prison experience and or exile, as well of the return to Brazil and brazilian society. The writers and the books studded are: Renato Carvalho Tapajós (Em Câmara Lenta, 1977, Ed. Alfa-Ômega), Fernando de Paula N. Gabeira (O que é isso, companheiro?, 1979, Ed. Codecri & O Crepúsculo do Macho, 1980, Ed. Codecri), Alfredo Hélio Sirkis (Os Carbonários: memórias da guerrilha perdida, 1980, Ed. Global & Roleta Chilena, 1981, Ed. Record) e Reinaldo Guarany Simões (Os Fornos Quentes, 1978, Ed. Alfa-Ômega &A Fuga, 1984, Brasiliense). Interviews were realized with all the authors (except Fernando Gabeira), as well with theirs publishers. The idea was to realize an study of political and personal trajectories, (searching the balance of the experiences and personal or political motivations to write about them) based on the narrative analyses, the conceded interviews and the search work realized in files, newspapers, magazines and secrets documents of repressives and informatives State structures on that epoch (named DEOPS) / Mestrado / Pensamento Social / Mestre em Sociologia