Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [108]-119).

Thesis--Copenhagen. / Bibliographical foot-notes.

This investigation was undertaken with a view in the first place to testing a claim of Pauline Davis as to the correlation, in manic-depressive psychosis, between certain psychological and electroencephalographic features, notably alpha frequency and irregular fast low voltage records which she termed "choppy". The scope of our undertaking is, however, wider in as much we shall be testing correlations with rhythms other than the alpha, and not only in respect of frequency but also amplitude and per cent time. Moreover the notion of "choppy" records will be subjected to critical analysis and replaced by a detailed characterization of irregular or disorganized records.

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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Psychiatry, Johannesburg, September 2013 / Objective: Anecdotal evidence suggests that substance use is a significant problem among psychiatric patients admitted to Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of substance use, the type of substance used and the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with substance use among a group of psychiatric inpatients. Method: This study was a retrospective record review of all patients admitted to the psychiatric wards at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital between the periods of July and December 2008. Results: Substance use was 4.8 (95% CI:2.7-8.4) times more likely among male subjects (p<0.001), 4.1 times (95%CI: 1.8-9.3) more likely in subjects aged 18-30 years compared to older patients (p=0.001), 3 times (95% CI: 1.2-7.4) more likely in subjects who were single (p=0.001), 1.9 (95% CI:1.4-2.7) times more likely in subjects who did not have children (p<0.001), and 1.5 (95% CI:1.2-2.1) times more likely in subjects with a psychotic disorder (p=0.004) compared to those with a mood disorder. Mood and psychotic disorders were compared and only the past psychiatric history was found to be significantly associated with psychotic disorders. Conclusion: Male gender was found to be significantly associated with substance use. Alcohol and cannabis were the most common substances used and polysubstance use also was a common occurrence. These findings have implications for preventative measures, psychiatric practice and specialized care for dual diagnosis patients.

This study aims to determine the number of patients secluded over a specified period, provide a profile of patients that are likely to be secluded, and to ascertain the reasons for seclusion. Seclusion in the psychiatric context can be defined as the involuntary confinement of an agitated, unstable person alone in a contained, controlled environment. There are differing views on seclusion and consequently this has presented clinicians with an ethical dilemma. Significant morbidity and mortality have been associated with seclusion. In light of this, alternatives to seclusion have been explored. No data exists in South Africa on rates of seclusion for psychiatric purposes, and consequently neither the need for seclusion nor alternatives to seclusion have been explored. The study is a retrospective review of patients secluded at Sterkfontein Hospital, a tertiary psychiatric hospital, over a six month period. Data was collected from clinical records at Sterkfontein Hospital. RESULTS: 112 patients were secluded over the 6 month period. Users were secluded for a total of 59415.5 hours and on 4814 separate occasions. 84.8% of the users secluded were male. The mean age of users secluded was 29years. Just over half the users (52%) were secluded for their own safety and 40% of users were secluded for aggression (either physical or verbal). The commonest diagnosis was Schizophrenia (31.4%) followed by Cognitive Impairment (20.6%) and Bipolar Mood Disorder (13.7%). The most commonly used medication was Sodium Valproate (17%), followed by Haloperidol (11%) and Risperidone (11%). CONCLUSION: Younger male patients with psychosis were most likely to be secluded. More research should be conducted locally to compare seclusion in terms of rates and patient profiles so that we may improve seclusion practices.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.).--University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at San Antonio, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.