This thesis deals with psychological prevention of work injuries. About two milion of people die worldwide as a result of work injuries and illnesses originating in work. If I think about this statistic data, I have to ask myself basic questions: what is the cause of such a high mortality in today´s over-technical time, what are the main causes of injuries and how can we anticipate them? These questions are also the main issues of this work. The first chapter deals with work injuries, particularly with the way we should proceed when it comes to such an injury - what the employer´s and employee´s duties are. Rhe next sub-chapter focuses on the responsibility for the harm of work injuries, work injuries compensation such as the earning loss substitution, smart money, specific costs connected with treatment and compensation for damage to property. The second chapter is aimed to the labour protection. Firstly, it deals with the labour protection on a general level, then with the BOZP training and related basic documents, OHSAS 18001 Certifikace systému managementu BOZP - contributions of the certification and "Safe enterprise". The last sub-chapter goes in the work inspection authorities - keeping duties given by legal formulas, activities of the work inspection authorities, the scope of their activities and the authorization of the work inspector. The third chapter is about the work injuries prevention. The first sub-chapter focuses on the employer´s duties, the next one is about mental burden and its display, also the safe demands on machines and appliances, examples of causes of work injuries and more particular principles of labour protection in the food industry. The fourth part has been created in a quantitative way. I have asked nine meat manufactories to complete a questionnaire I had made myself in a way to draw conclusions and fulfill the goals of the thesis and answer the questions set at the beginning. The company, which came out the smallest accident, I did an interview, which makes, I obtained information regarding their approach to the issue. The labour and health protection are neccessary conditions in all work branches. Every employer has a lot of duties to their employees and the goal is to provide the workplace safe and with a minimal risk of work injuries. The most important issue is to pay attention to prevention from the very beginning.

This diploma thesis focuses on free time activities of elementary school teachers in relation with their perception of workload. In the theoretical part the teacher's characteristics are mentioned, but it primarily focuses on workload and teachers' free time activities. The topics are seen through multiple points of view. Different segments of workload and types of free time are presented. Empirical part is elaborated using in-depth interview with chosen elementary school teachers. The main goal of this research was to uncover, how much the workload influences teachers' spending of their free time and how are they coping with the workload. Participants of this research are coping with the workload well and they are spending their free doing activities completely different from their profession. Most mentioned activities were physical activities, manual labor and sport.

Ce projet de mémoire a pris forme dans le but d’étudier comment l’effet du genre module la charge mentale au travail, en s’intéressant à l’impact des rapports de genre sur le sentiment de surcharge mentale et comment ils influent sur l’expression du mal-être individuel. L’analyse d’entretiens réalisés auprès de sept femmes et cinq hommes révèle divers facteurs contribuant à l’impression d’être mentalement surchargé au travail : les contraintes temporelles ; l’imprévisibilité ; la précarité au niveau économique et des conditions de travail ; le caractère exigeant des responsabilités professionnelles ; les contradictions du travail ; l’insuffisance du soutien organisationnel ; le manque de reconnaissance au travail ; le faible soutien social ; ainsi que la difficulté à concilier travail et famille. Ces multiples éléments colorent le discours des participants à la fois selon leur genre individuel et selon le type de métier qu’ils occupent : ceux-ci s’inscrivent dans une division relativement bien définie entre métiers majoritairement féminins et métiers majoritairement masculins. Suite à l’analyse des entretiens, il a été possible de cerner des tendances spécifiques à chaque type de métier, qui s’observent dans la relation entre demande psychologique et latitude décisionnelle. Appliqués au modèle de Karasek (1979), les résultats indiquent une conjoncture surchargeante pour les participants occupant un métier à prédominance féminine, où apparaît un cadre organisationnel oppressant. Enfin, de par les effets pernicieux de la non-valorisation du travail traditionnellement féminin et du travail reproductif associé à la gestion familiale, les résultats de cette présente recherche suggèrent que les femmes sont particulièrement à risque d’être surchargées mentalement et de vivre un profond mal-être. / This thesis was developed with the aim of studying how the effect of gender modulates mental burden at work, focusing on the impact of gender relations on the feeling of mental overload and how they influence the expression of individual malaise. The analysis of interviews with seven women and five men reveals various factors contributing to the impression of being mentally overloaded at work: time constraints; unpredictability; economic precariousness and working conditions; the demanding nature of professional responsibilities; the contradictions of work; inadequate organizational support; lack of recognition at work; weak social support; as well as the difficulty of reconciling work and family. These multiple elements colour the participants' discourse both according to their individual gender and according to their type of occupation : they are part of a relatively well-defined division between predominantly female occupations and predominantly male occupations. Following the analysis of the interviews, it was possible to identify trends specific to each type of occupation, which are observed in the relationship between psychological demand and decision latitude. Applied to the model of Karasek (1979), the results indicate an overburdening situation for participants in a predominantly female occupation, where an oppressive organizational framework emerges. Finally, because of the pernicious effects of the non-valorization of the traditionally female work and of the reproductive work associated with family management, the results of this research suggest that women are particularly at risk of being mentally overloaded and experiencing a profound malaise.