The negative impacts of mass shootings on mental health have been documented within the general trauma literature. Substantial research has also shown the Asian population to be a minority group especially vulnerable to negative psychological outcomes following trauma and stress. Acculturation has been studied extensively as a predictor of psychological outcomes in several minority groups. Furthermore, parental overprotection has also been found to have a negative impact on mental health. The relationship between acculturation and parental overprotection and psychological outcomes following mass shootings in the Asian population, however, has not been studied adequately. The purpose of this study was to examine exposure, acculturation, and parental overprotection as predictors of negative mental health outcomes, and as moderators of the relationship between exposure to trauma and negative outcomes. Results indicate that overprotection predicted higher levels of both posttraumatic stress and anxiety-mood symptoms. Exposure predicted posttraumatic stress but not anxiety-mood symptoms. Acculturation was not found to significantly predict either outcome. Overprotection was found to moderate the relationship between exposure and anxiety-mood symptoms. Implications of these findings are discussed. / Master of Science

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3557. Adviser: John R. Herbold. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Revised thesis (Ph.D.)--Cambridge University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-164) and index.

Atualmente aumenta o reconhecimento da atenção primária em gerenciar os problemas de saúde mental e o uso de instrumentos de rastreio possibilita mensurar características psicológicas, psíquicas e comportamentais que nem sempre são consideradas. Dessa forma, o uso de instrumentos de rastreio pode auxiliar na detecção precoce de indivíduos que necessitam de tratamento, acompanhamento ou intervenção e são raros os instrumentos que englobam o rastreio de múltiplos transtornos mentais. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral construir e validar um instrumento breve de rastreio de múltiplos transtornos mentais, o qual será chamado de Mini Rastreio para Transtornos Mentais (MINI-RTM), que reúne questões relevantes de diversos instrumentos de rastreio específicos para transtornos mentais, já existentes e validados, mas que permita a detecção dos transtornos mais comuns em atenção primária, incluindo abuso de substâncias e transtornos psicóticos. O MINI-RTM abarcou questões relativas à ansiedade, depressão, abuso e/ou dependência de álcool e substâncias e transtornos psicóticos. É um instrumento composto por nove itens com escore podendo variar de zero a 23. 545 sujeitos foram entrevistados em seus domicílios, por estudantes de medicina, treinados no MINI-RTM e item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA. Os sujeitos que concordaram em participar da segunda fase do estudo, total de 230, receberam uma segunda visita de profissionais de saúde mental, com treinamento no MINI-RTM, no item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA e na entrevista MINI, para possível confirmação do diagnóstico. O MINIRTM foi sujeito à análise da fidedignidade teste-reste, por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC), apresentando valor de 0,78, considerado satisfatório, indicando ser um instrumento bastante confiável e com índices mais expressivos que o item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA. A análise da validade discriminativa, mostrou que o MINI-RTM apresentouse com valores de área sob a curva ROC, sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo satisfatórios. Os pontos de corte, quando comparado com a entrevista padrão-ouro MINI foram: >3 (instrumento mais sensível) e >4 (instrumento mais específico). Quando cotejado com o item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA, para ponto de melhor acurácia, o MINI-RTM apresentou-se com menor variação entre sensibilidade e especificidade, sendo considerado mais equilibrado na detecção de casos e não casos. Quanto à análise da validade concorrente, na comparação com item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA, o MINI-RTM apresentou valor moderado de correlação, o que era de se esperar devido ao item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA avaliar bem estar geral e não um conjunto de transtornos. Dessa forma, o MINI-RTM apresentou-se como um instrumento de rastreio potencialmente relevante para triagem de múltiplos transtornos mentais em cuidados primários de saúde, sendo satisfatoriamente fidedigno, válido e mais abrangente que outros instrumentos de rastreio. O MINI-RTM conseguiu reunir questão importantes para um instrumento de rastreio que é a alta capacidade de discriminação entre casos e não casos e a fácil aplicabilidade. Esse instrumento está disponível para profissionais de cuidados primários de saúde, preenchendo uma importante lacuna na literatura, principalmente nacional, que é a disposição de um instrumento que rastreie múltiplos transtornos mentais, não se limitando somente a avaliação de bem estar geral ou avaliação de transtornos mentais específicos / Current studies raise awareness of primary care on management of mental disorder issues and the use of screening tools allows the measurement of physical, psychological and behavioral features not always considered. Therefore, the use of screening tools may aid early detection of individuals who require treatment, assistance or intervention. In addition, screening tools that allow that allow the identification of multiple mental disorders are uncommon. Therefore, the current study aimed to build and validate a brief tool that tracks multiple mental disorders to be named Mini Screening for Mental Disorders (in Portuguese, MINI-RTM) that gathers relevant issues from various mental disorder screening tools already validated, with the addition of allowing the identification of commonplace disorders such as substance abuse and psychotic disorder. MINI-SMD comprehends questions related to anxiety, alcohol or substance abuse and/or addiction, as well as psychotic disorders. The instrument comprises nine items in which scores vary from zero to 23. 545 participants were interviewed at their homes by medicine students with training at MINI-RTM and Feelings from COOP/WONKA. The subjects who agreed to participate in the second phase of the study, total 230, received a second visit from mental health professionals with training in MINI-SMD, the item Feelings of COOP/WONCA and the MINI interview for possible confirmation of diagnosis. The MINI-SMD was subject to test-retest reliability analysis, through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with value 0.78, considered satisfactory, indicating to be a very reliable instrument with more expressive indexes than Feelings from COOP / WONCA. The analysis of discriminant validity showed that MINI-RTM presented satisfactory values under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Cut scores when compared with the gold standard MINI interview were: > 3 (more sensitive instrument) and> 4 (more specific instrument). When collated with Feelings for better accuracy scores, MINI-RTM presented less variation between sensitivity and specificity, being considered more balanced in detecting cases and non-cases. With respect to the analysis of concurrent validity, compared to Feelings, MINI-RTM presented moderate correlation value, which has been expected since Feelings assesses well-being and not a set of disorders. Thus, MINI-RTM was presented as a potentially important screening tool for tracking multiple mental disorders in primary health care, being satisfactorily reliable, valid and more comprehensive than other screening tools. MINI-RTM managed to gather important features for a screening instrument such as high capacity of discrimination between cases and noncases and easy applicability. This tool is available for primary health care professionals, filling an important gap in the literature - mainly Brazilian - which is the provision of a tool that tracks multiple mental disorders, not only limited to the assessment of well-being or the general assessment of specific mental disorders

Atualmente aumenta o reconhecimento da atenção primária em gerenciar os problemas de saúde mental e o uso de instrumentos de rastreio possibilita mensurar características psicológicas, psíquicas e comportamentais que nem sempre são consideradas. Dessa forma, o uso de instrumentos de rastreio pode auxiliar na detecção precoce de indivíduos que necessitam de tratamento, acompanhamento ou intervenção e são raros os instrumentos que englobam o rastreio de múltiplos transtornos mentais. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral construir e validar um instrumento breve de rastreio de múltiplos transtornos mentais, o qual será chamado de Mini Rastreio para Transtornos Mentais (MINI-RTM), que reúne questões relevantes de diversos instrumentos de rastreio específicos para transtornos mentais, já existentes e validados, mas que permita a detecção dos transtornos mais comuns em atenção primária, incluindo abuso de substâncias e transtornos psicóticos. O MINI-RTM abarcou questões relativas à ansiedade, depressão, abuso e/ou dependência de álcool e substâncias e transtornos psicóticos. É um instrumento composto por nove itens com escore podendo variar de zero a 23. 545 sujeitos foram entrevistados em seus domicílios, por estudantes de medicina, treinados no MINI-RTM e item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA. Os sujeitos que concordaram em participar da segunda fase do estudo, total de 230, receberam uma segunda visita de profissionais de saúde mental, com treinamento no MINI-RTM, no item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA e na entrevista MINI, para possível confirmação do diagnóstico. O MINIRTM foi sujeito à análise da fidedignidade teste-reste, por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC), apresentando valor de 0,78, considerado satisfatório, indicando ser um instrumento bastante confiável e com índices mais expressivos que o item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA. A análise da validade discriminativa, mostrou que o MINI-RTM apresentouse com valores de área sob a curva ROC, sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo satisfatórios. Os pontos de corte, quando comparado com a entrevista padrão-ouro MINI foram: >3 (instrumento mais sensível) e >4 (instrumento mais específico). Quando cotejado com o item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA, para ponto de melhor acurácia, o MINI-RTM apresentou-se com menor variação entre sensibilidade e especificidade, sendo considerado mais equilibrado na detecção de casos e não casos. Quanto à análise da validade concorrente, na comparação com item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA, o MINI-RTM apresentou valor moderado de correlação, o que era de se esperar devido ao item Sentimentos do COOP/WONCA avaliar bem estar geral e não um conjunto de transtornos. Dessa forma, o MINI-RTM apresentou-se como um instrumento de rastreio potencialmente relevante para triagem de múltiplos transtornos mentais em cuidados primários de saúde, sendo satisfatoriamente fidedigno, válido e mais abrangente que outros instrumentos de rastreio. O MINI-RTM conseguiu reunir questão importantes para um instrumento de rastreio que é a alta capacidade de discriminação entre casos e não casos e a fácil aplicabilidade. Esse instrumento está disponível para profissionais de cuidados primários de saúde, preenchendo uma importante lacuna na literatura, principalmente nacional, que é a disposição de um instrumento que rastreie múltiplos transtornos mentais, não se limitando somente a avaliação de bem estar geral ou avaliação de transtornos mentais específicos / Current studies raise awareness of primary care on management of mental disorder issues and the use of screening tools allows the measurement of physical, psychological and behavioral features not always considered. Therefore, the use of screening tools may aid early detection of individuals who require treatment, assistance or intervention. In addition, screening tools that allow that allow the identification of multiple mental disorders are uncommon. Therefore, the current study aimed to build and validate a brief tool that tracks multiple mental disorders to be named Mini Screening for Mental Disorders (in Portuguese, MINI-RTM) that gathers relevant issues from various mental disorder screening tools already validated, with the addition of allowing the identification of commonplace disorders such as substance abuse and psychotic disorder. MINI-SMD comprehends questions related to anxiety, alcohol or substance abuse and/or addiction, as well as psychotic disorders. The instrument comprises nine items in which scores vary from zero to 23. 545 participants were interviewed at their homes by medicine students with training at MINI-RTM and Feelings from COOP/WONKA. The subjects who agreed to participate in the second phase of the study, total 230, received a second visit from mental health professionals with training in MINI-SMD, the item Feelings of COOP/WONCA and the MINI interview for possible confirmation of diagnosis. The MINI-SMD was subject to test-retest reliability analysis, through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with value 0.78, considered satisfactory, indicating to be a very reliable instrument with more expressive indexes than Feelings from COOP / WONCA. The analysis of discriminant validity showed that MINI-RTM presented satisfactory values under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Cut scores when compared with the gold standard MINI interview were: > 3 (more sensitive instrument) and> 4 (more specific instrument). When collated with Feelings for better accuracy scores, MINI-RTM presented less variation between sensitivity and specificity, being considered more balanced in detecting cases and non-cases. With respect to the analysis of concurrent validity, compared to Feelings, MINI-RTM presented moderate correlation value, which has been expected since Feelings assesses well-being and not a set of disorders. Thus, MINI-RTM was presented as a potentially important screening tool for tracking multiple mental disorders in primary health care, being satisfactorily reliable, valid and more comprehensive than other screening tools. MINI-RTM managed to gather important features for a screening instrument such as high capacity of discrimination between cases and noncases and easy applicability. This tool is available for primary health care professionals, filling an important gap in the literature - mainly Brazilian - which is the provision of a tool that tracks multiple mental disorders, not only limited to the assessment of well-being or the general assessment of specific mental disorders

by Yu Hong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-100). / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.III / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IV / Chapter CHAPTER ONE - --- INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO - --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Psychiatric morbidity in Western patients with fatigue --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Chronic fatigue syndrome as a contemporary version of neurasthenia --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- The evolution of Shenjing Shuairuo in Chinese societies --- p.11 / Chapter 2.4 --- The place of fatigue in Shenjing Shuairuo --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5 --- Shenjing Shuairuo and chronic fatigue syndrome --- p.17 / Chapter 2.6 --- Mood disturbances in Shenjing Shuairuo --- p.20 / Chapter 2.7 --- Somatization in Shenjing Shuairuo --- p.23 / Chapter 2.8 --- Current and future research issues --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE - --- OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESES --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Objectives --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2 --- Significance --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hypotheses --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR - --- METHOD --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1 --- Research design --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2 --- Site of study --- p.35 / Chapter 4.-3 --- Subjects --- p.35 / Chapter 4.4 --- Instruments --- p.37 / Chapter 4.5 --- "Coordination, training and reliability" --- p.41 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summery of procedure --- p.42 / Chapter 4.7 --- Data management and analysis --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE - --- RESULT --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1 --- Sociodemography --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2 --- DSM-III-R diagnoses --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3 --- The diagnosis of neurasthenia --- p.51 / Chapter 5.4 --- The diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome --- p.51 / Chapter 5.5 --- Psychopathological profiles --- p.52 / Chapter 5.6 --- Aspects of illness experience --- p.54 / Chapter 5.7 --- Comparison by diagnostic categories --- p.59 / Chapter 5.8 --- Duration and severity of fatigue --- p.64 / Chapter 5.9 --- Comparison by sex --- p.67 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX - --- DISCUSSION --- p.69 / Chapter 6.1 --- Psychiatric morbidity of patients with chronic fatigue --- p.70 / Chapter 6.2 --- "Shenjing Shuairuo, depression and anxiety disorders" --- p.72 / Chapter 6.3 --- The delegitimation of fatigue --- p.75 / Chapter 6.4 --- Shenjing Shuairuo and chronic fatigue syndrome --- p.77 / Chapter 6.5 --- Shenjing Shuairuo and somatization --- p.81 / Chapter 6.6 --- Limitations of study --- p.84 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN - --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTION --- p.88 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2 --- Suggestions for future research --- p.90 / REFERENCES --- p.92

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.