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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Otimiza??o do sistema de multiplica??o in vitro por meio do m?todo Scalp e indu??o do aumento da variabilidade gen?tica pelo uso de mutag?nico qu?mico e da transforma??o gen?tica em bananeira (Musa spp., AAB)

Oliveira, Maria Maiany de 29 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-10-05T21:58:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE- MARIA MAIANY DE OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1486275 bytes, checksum: 077fcda867394bf1737e7758d79af6a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T21:58:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE- MARIA MAIANY DE OLIVEIRA.pdf: 1486275 bytes, checksum: 077fcda867394bf1737e7758d79af6a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Banana (Musa spp.) is considered one of the most important fruits in world trade due to its nutritional and economic potential.But although there is a large number varieties on the market, the banana is still affected by many diseases.The application of the method of crosses in this species is very difficult because the majority of cultivated varieties is triploid presenting low fertility. In this case, it is necessary to use biotechnology and its tools applied to non-conventional genetic improvement to develop new varieties that have resistance to their different types of pathogens.This work was carried out with the objective of adapting the technique of obtaining embryogeniccallus of banana by means of the Scalp method in cultivars Brazilian Ma?? and Pacovan, adjusting the processes of induction of meristematic structures and multiplication of shoots and induce increased genetic variability by in vitro mutagenesis using the chemical agent ethylmethanesulfonate and, of the genetic transformation by the bombardment of microparticles. Was evaluated the callus formation, the effect of mutagenic in the in vitro cultivation of shoots and the effects of genetic transformation on shoot resistance in selection medium containing the herbicide Imazapyr. The results showed that the merystematic structures obtained have the capacity to origin callus with only one month of cultivation, and both cultivars developed friable callus with average values above 90%.The efficiency of this method was evidenced by the high capacity of induction of friable callus in the two evaluated cultivars but also by the rapidity in the process of obtaining calluses, being the first study of adaptation of the methodology for Brazilian banana cultivars.On the other hand, the evaluation of the mutation induction allowed to conclude that the survival and the capacity of bud formation decreased as a function of the increase of the concentration and the immersion time in the ethylmethanesulfonate.The surviving plants underwent a sorting with the fusaric acid selective agent in which it was possible to regenerate in vitro plants of the cultivars submitted to treatment with the mutagen and to select possible mutants with fusaric acid resistance for cultivarsMa?? and Pacovan.And the genetic transformation method proved efficient in the regeneration of shoots resulting in high values of survival and multiplication, where possible transgenic plants of banana cv. Ma?? were obtained after selection of resistance to the herbicide.Therefore, it is concluded that all the material produced, both in the mutagenic phase and in the genetic transformation, presents a greater genetic variability potentially applicable to the banana improvement. / A banana (Musa spp.) ? considerada um dos mais importantes frutos no com?rcio mundial em virtude seu potencial nutritivo e econ?mico. Mas, apesar de existir um grande n?mero de variedades no mercado, a bananeira ainda ? acometida por muitas doen?as. A aplica??o do m?todo de cruzamentos nesta esp?cie ? muito dif?cil, pois a maioria das variedades cultivadas ? triploide apresentando baixa fertilidade. Nesse caso, faz-se necess?rio o uso da biotecnologia e de suas ferramentas aplicadas ao melhoramento gen?tico n?o convencional para desenvolver novas variedades que tenham resist?ncia aos seus diferentes tipos de pat?genos. Este trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de adaptar a t?cnica de obten??o de calos embriog?nicos de bananeira por meio do m?todo Scalp nas cvs. Ma?? e Pacovan, ajustando os processos de indu??o de estruturas polimeristem?ticas ede multiplica??o de brotos e induzir o aumento da variabilidade gen?tica por meio da mutag?nese in vitro com o uso do agente qu?mico etilmetanosulfonato e, da transforma??o gen?tica pelo bombardeamento de micropart?culas.Foram avaliados os calos formados, o efeito do mutag?nico no cultivo in vitro de brotos e, os efeitos da transforma??o gen?tica quanto ? resist?ncia dos brotos em meio de sele??o contendo o herbicida Imazapyr. Os resultados mostraram que as estruturas polimeristem?ticas obtidas t?m capacidade de originar calos com apenas um m?s de cultivo e, ambas as cultivares desenvolveram calos fri?veis com rendimentos m?dios acima de 90%. A efici?ncia desse m?todo foi comprovada pela alta capacidade de indu??o de calos fri?veis nas duas cultivares avaliadas, como tamb?m pela rapidez no processo de obten??o de calos, sendo este o primeiro estudo de adapta??o da metodologia para as cultivares Ma?? e Pacovan. Por outro lado, a avalia??o da indu??o de muta??o permitiu concluir que a sobreviv?ncia e a capacidade de forma??o de brotos diminu?ram em fun??o do aumento da concentra??o e do tempo de imers?o no etilmetanosulfonato. As plantas sobreviventes passaram por uma triagem com o agente seletivo ?cido fus?rico na qual, foi poss?vel regenerar plantas in vitro das cultivares submetidas ao tratamento com o mutag?nico e selecionar poss?veis mutantes com resist?ncia ao ?cido fus?rico para as cvs. Ma?? e Pacovan. O m?todo da transforma??o gen?tica mostrou-se eficiente na regenera??o dos brotos resultando em altos valores de sobreviv?ncia e multiplica??o, onde poss?veis plantas transg?nicas de bananeira cv. Ma?? foram obtidas, ap?s a sele??o de resist?ncia ao herbicida. Portanto, conclui-se que todo material produzido, tanto na fase mutag?nica quanto na transforma??o gen?tica, apresenta uma maior variabilidade gen?tica potencialmente aplic?vel ao melhoramento da bananeira.

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