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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 8476720 bytes, checksum: 892e5742556745d24795bf18ea2e9348 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of graphs and tables for steel-concrete composite beams initial design can provide a quick insight for engineers and architects on the results that can be achieved with this structural solution. In this work it is presented: a methodology for the construction of initial design graphs for composite beams, the results of the implementation of this methodology and an evaluation of the influence of the parameters that are related to the design of composite beams. A graph for initial design represents the result of the composite beam verification, including its ultimate capacity and maximum deflection under service conditions. Various parameters influence the resistance capacity and the behavior of steel and concrete composite beams. In this dissertation, these parameters are grouped as structural system parameters and design parameters. A calculation algorithm developed in Mathcad®, according ABNT NBR8800:2008 for the verification of composite beams, allows the construction of several curves that permits the user to indentify the steel profile that better fits a project situation. Graphs for initial design of composite beams formed with a hot-rolled I produced in Brazil are presented. Besides constituting a tool of great utility for initial design of composite beams, the graphs also allows a general view of the influence of the parameters that are involved with composite beams. / O uso de ábacos e tabelas de pré-dimensionamento para vigas mistas de aço e concreto pode proporcionar a engenheiros e arquitetos uma rápida visão sobre os resultados que podem ser alcançados com o uso desta solução construtiva. Nesse trabalho apresenta-se: a metodologia para a geração de ábacos para o pré-dimensionamento de vigas mistas, os resultados da implementação desta metodologia e uma avaliação da influência dos parâmetros relacionados ao dimensionamento das vigas mistas. Um ábaco para pré-dimensionamento representa o resultado do processo de verificação da capacidade resistente última e do comportamento em serviço, normalmente representado pelo estado-limite de deslocamento excessivo. Diversos fatores influênciam o comportamento das vigas mistas de aço e concreto. Nesse trabalho, tais fatores foram agrupados como parâmetros do sistema estrutural e parâmetros de dimensionamento. Um algoritmo de cálculo desenvolvido em ambiente Mathcad®, baseado nas prescrições da ABNT NBR 8800:2008 para o dimensionamento de vigas mistas, possibilitou a geração de um conjunto de curvas que permite ao usuário identificar o perfil que melhor atende a uma determinada situação de projeto. São apresentados ábacos de pré-dimensionamento de vigas mistas formadas por perfis I laminados de abas paralelas produzidos no Brasil. Além de se constituírem numa ferramenta de grande utilidade para o pré-dimensionamento de vigas mistas, os ábacos também permitem uma visão geral sobre a influência da variação dos parâmetros envolvidos no dimensionamento de vigas mistas.

<div>Metal-zeolites are promising materials for passive adsorber technologies for the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx, x = 1,2) and aldehydes during low-temperature operation in automotive exhaust aftertreatment systems. The aqueous-phase exchange processes used commonly to prepare metal-zeolites typically require mononuclear, transition metal complexes to diffuse within intrazeolite pore networks with their solvation shells and replace extra framework cations of higher chemical potential. When metal complexes are larger than the zeolite pore-limiting diameter, this imposes intracrystalline transport restrictions; thus, complexes and agglomerates tend to preferentially deposit near the surfaces of crystallites, requiring post-synthetic treatments to disperse metal species more uniformly throughout zeolite crystallites via solid-state ion-exchange processes. Here, we address the influence of post-synthetic gas treatments and zeolite material properties on the structural interconversion and exchange of extra framework Pd in CHA zeolites with a focus on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic factors that dictate the Pd site structures and spatial distributions that form.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Pd-amine complexes introduced via incipient wetness impregnation on CHA zeolites were found to preferentially site near crystallite surfaces. Post-synthetic treatments in flowing air results in Pd-amine decomposition and agglomeration to metallic Pd0and supersequent oxidation to PdO, before converting to mononuclear Pd²⁺cations through an Ostwald ripening mechanism at high temperatures (>550 K). Progressively higher air treatment temperatures (up to 1023 K) were found to (1) thermodynamically favor the formation of mononu-clear Pd²⁺cations relative to agglomerated PdO particles, (2) increase the apparent rate of structural interconversion to mononuclear Pd²⁺, and (3) facilitate longer-range mobility of molecular intermediates involved in Ostwald ripening processes that allow Pd cations to form deeper within zeolite crystallites to form more uniformly dispersed Pd-zeolite materials. Additionally, the controlled synthetic variation of the atomic arrangement of 1 or 2Al sites in the 6-membered ring of CHA was used to show a thermodynamic preference to form mononuclear Pd2+cations charge-compensated by 2 Al sites over [PdOH]⁺complexes at 1 Al site. Colloidal Pd nanoparticle syntheses and deposition methods were used to prepare monodisperse Pd-CHA materials to isolate the effects of Pd particle size on structuralinterconversion to mononuclear Pd²⁺under a range of external environments. Consistent with computational thermodynamic predictions, smaller Pd particle sizes favor structural interconversion to mononuclear Pd²⁺under high-temperature air treatments (598–973 K),while adding H2O to the air stream inhibits the thermodynamics but not the kinetics of mononuclear Pd²⁺formation, demonstrating that water vapor in exhaust streams may be deleterious to the long-term stability of Pd-zeolite materials for passive NOx adsorption.<br></div><div><br></div><div>The influence of metal-zeolite material properties on the adsorption, desorption, and conversion of formaldehyde, a government-regulated automotive pollutant, under realistic conditions was investigated to identify beneficial material properties for this emerging application in mobile engine pollution abatement. A suite of Beta zeolite materials was synthesized with varied adsorption site identity (Brønsted acid, Lewis acid, silanol groups, and extra framework metal oxide) and bulk site densities. All materials stored formaldehyde and converted a large fraction of formaldehyde to more environmentally benign CO and CO₂, demonstrating the efficacy of silanol defects and zeolitic supports for the storage of formaldehyde. Sn-containing zeotypes, containing either Lewis acidic framework Sn sites or extra framework SnO_x particles, resulted in the greatest selectivity to CO and CO₂ formed during formaldehyde desorption, suggests that Sn species are a beneficial component in metal-zeolite formulations for the abatement of formaldehyde in automotive exhaust streams.<br></div><div><br></div><div>This work demonstrates how combining precise synthesis of metal-zeolites of varied bulk and atomic properties with site-specific characterization and titration methods enables systematically disentangling the influence of separate material properties (e.g., Pd particle size, zeolite framework Al arrangement, silanol density, heteroatom identify) and external environment on changes to metal structure, speciation, and oxidation state. This approach provides thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic insights into the factors that influence metal re-structuring under the practical conditions encountered in automotive exhaust after treatment applications and guidance for materials design and treatment strategies to form desired metal structures during synthesis and after regeneration protocols.<br></div>

O presente trabalho buscou analisar os viadutos do Chá, tanto o antigo metálico como o atual em concreto armado, e o viaduto Santa Efigênia sob a perspectiva da engenharia estrutural, contemplando os aspectos históricos e construtivos. Como ponto de partida analisou-se o cenário em que estas construções se inserem e as aspirações de seus idealizadores, sendo fundamental compreender a evolução da cidade de São Paulo. Observando-se as diversas propostas que surgiram, face à necessidade da edificação destas passagens, analisaram-se quais eram os conceitos e as técnicas construtivas que vigoravam, possibilitando remontar parte da evolução da engenharia no Brasil. Por fim, uma maior ênfase foi dada à análise das estruturas, desde as fundações até o estudo mais criterioso da concepção estrutural adotada, aos materiais empregados, sistemas construtivos, disponibilidade de mão-de-obra para execução, acabamento e reformas dos viadutos. Esta dissertação busca analisar a evolução da engenharia estrutural no Brasil através de três obras símbolos de sua maior metrópole. / This study aimed at analyzing the Chá viaducts, both the old metallic one and the current concrete one, and Santa Efigênias viaduct from the perspective of structural engineering, considering the historical and constructive aspects. As a starting point the scenery in which these constructions are inserted and the aspirations of its creators are analyzed, being it essential to understand the evolution of the city of São Paulo. By examining the several proposals that have arisen, in face of the need to build these passages, it was observed which were the concepts and construction techniques that prevailed at the time, thus making it possible to reconstruct part of the evolution of engineering in Brazil. Finally, a bigger emphasis was given to the analysis of the structures, from foundations to the most detailed exam of the structural design adopted, to the materials used, construction systems adopted, availability of manpower for execution, completion and reforms of the overpasses. This paper aims at analyzing the evolution of the structural engineering in Brazil through these three constructions which are symbols of its largest city.

O presente trabalho buscou analisar os viadutos do Chá, tanto o antigo metálico como o atual em concreto armado, e o viaduto Santa Efigênia sob a perspectiva da engenharia estrutural, contemplando os aspectos históricos e construtivos. Como ponto de partida analisou-se o cenário em que estas construções se inserem e as aspirações de seus idealizadores, sendo fundamental compreender a evolução da cidade de São Paulo. Observando-se as diversas propostas que surgiram, face à necessidade da edificação destas passagens, analisaram-se quais eram os conceitos e as técnicas construtivas que vigoravam, possibilitando remontar parte da evolução da engenharia no Brasil. Por fim, uma maior ênfase foi dada à análise das estruturas, desde as fundações até o estudo mais criterioso da concepção estrutural adotada, aos materiais empregados, sistemas construtivos, disponibilidade de mão-de-obra para execução, acabamento e reformas dos viadutos. Esta dissertação busca analisar a evolução da engenharia estrutural no Brasil através de três obras símbolos de sua maior metrópole. / This study aimed at analyzing the Chá viaducts, both the old metallic one and the current concrete one, and Santa Efigênias viaduct from the perspective of structural engineering, considering the historical and constructive aspects. As a starting point the scenery in which these constructions are inserted and the aspirations of its creators are analyzed, being it essential to understand the evolution of the city of São Paulo. By examining the several proposals that have arisen, in face of the need to build these passages, it was observed which were the concepts and construction techniques that prevailed at the time, thus making it possible to reconstruct part of the evolution of engineering in Brazil. Finally, a bigger emphasis was given to the analysis of the structures, from foundations to the most detailed exam of the structural design adopted, to the materials used, construction systems adopted, availability of manpower for execution, completion and reforms of the overpasses. This paper aims at analyzing the evolution of the structural engineering in Brazil through these three constructions which are symbols of its largest city.

The topic of the thesis is the proposal of a pilgrimage site in the area of the source of the spring Svatá Voda near Malenovice - Zlín. The building is located on the nearest top site near the existing spring and it dominates its surroundings. The design is based on a circle symbolizing eternity, harmony - Christianity surrounding the Paradise yard. This ring is intersected by four shards that represent disruption of harmony - humanity. These two types of masses are contrasting, distinguished by both shape and material. There is a church in the largest shard, in the smaller shards there are other smaller chapel or individual prayer rooms. In the ring, which is broken into fragments, there are located rooms like a reception, area of the church with, restaurant and technical facilities, non-profit offices that manage the area, together with a therapist's office. There are rooms with accommodation, classrooms and workshops for retreats as well.

This thesis deals with solving the most serious internal defects in castings made of aluminum alloys which are cast in sand molds in Slévárna a modelárna Nové Ransko Ltd. The problem solving contains a description of the problematic castings with the investigation of the structure and phases and subsequent detailed analysis of their production. The Author of this thesis also examines the influence of Fe and Mn on a possible formation of the internal porosity with the help of test meltings with the evaluation of the internal structural change. The Author’s design solution is a close checking of chemical composition with regard to the ratio Mn / Fe present in the alloy, the purchase of Foundry Degassing Unit to reduce gassiness of melted metals and better control of gassiness with the help of the appropriate equipment for the density Dichte index.