Fong King Yan = 光栅衍射及含週期結構的金屬片的透射增強效應的理論研究 / 方敬恩. / Thesis submitted in: September 2006. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-119). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Fong King Yan = Guang zha yan she ji han zhou qi jie gou de jin shu pian de tou she zeng qiang xiao ying de li lun yan jiu / Fang Jing'en. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Review on Grating Theories --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Basic Concepts --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Maxwell's Equations --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Translational Symmetry --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- TM and TE Polarizations --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- The Grating Equation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Rayleigh's Method --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- Integral Method --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Classical Modal Method --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5 --- Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis --- p.16 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- General Form of Electromagnetic Modes --- p.17 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Fourier Factorization Rules --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Matching Boundary Conditions --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Multilayered Gratings and Staircase Approximation --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Model Calculations --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6 --- Anisotropic Gratings --- p.26 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- General Form of Electromagnetic Modes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Matching Boundary Conditions --- p.30 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Model Calculations --- p.31 / Chapter 3 --- Grating Diffraction by Linear Superposition of Retarded Field --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Basic Ideas --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Formalism --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Field Induced Currents --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Field due to Current and Charge Densities --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- "Internal, Transmitted, and Reflected Fields" --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Points of Physical Interest --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Model Calculations --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4 --- Application to Systems with Anisotropy or Nonlinearity --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.52 / Chapter 4 --- Introduction to Surface Plasmonic Excitations and Phenomenon of Enhanced Transmission --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction to Surface Plasmons --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2 --- Phenomenon of Enhanced Transmission --- p.60 / Chapter 5 --- Enhanced Transmission Through Stacking Grating with Subwavelength Slits --- p.72 / Chapter 6 --- Controlling Enhanced Transmissions via Anisotropic Effects --- p.81 / Chapter 6.1 --- Effects of Anisotropic Waveguide on The Phenomenon of Enhanced Transmission --- p.82 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Control of Enhanced Transmission by Anisotropic Waveguide --- p.83 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Electromagnetic Modes in Anisotropic Waveguide --- p.87 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Single Mode Model for Studying Transmission of Grating with Slits Filled with Anisotropic Material --- p.89 / Chapter 6.2 --- Effects of Strong Applied Magnetic Field on the Phenomenon of Enhanced Transmission --- p.95 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Magnetic Field Induced Anisotropy in Metals --- p.95 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Enhanced Transmission under Influence of Strong Magnetic Field --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Modification of Surface Plasmon Dispersion relation by Strong Applied Magnetic Field --- p.101 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.107 / Bibliography --- p.111 / Chapter A --- Fourier Factorization Rules --- p.120 / Chapter A.l --- Notations --- p.120 / Chapter A.2 --- Factorization rules [28] --- p.121 / Chapter A.3 --- Fourier Factorization of Quantities in Anisotropic medium [32] --- p.122 / Chapter B --- Derivation of Integral in Eq. (3.10) --- p.124

by Hui Koon-chung = 由電子束照射引起氧化金屬膜覆蓋的氧化鋅之光學特性 / 許冠中. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-89). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / by Hui Koon-chung = You dian zi shu zhao she yin qi yang hua jin shu mo fu gai de yang hua xin zhi guang xue te xing / Xu Guanzhong. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.x / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of ZnO / Chapter 1.3 --- Overview of the Thesis / Chapter 2. --- Experimental conditions and procedures --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Samples preparation / Chapter 2.2 --- Optical and electrical Characterizations of ZnO / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Setup of cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Setup of photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Setup of photoconductivity measurement / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Setup of atomic force microscopy AFM / Chapter 2.2.5 --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) / Chapter 3. --- Experimental results and data analysis --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- The luminescence of ZnO --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effects of metal capped layer in luminescence --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Optical memory effect of A1 capped ZnO --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4 --- The XPS study ofAl capped ZnO --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5 --- Optical properties and photoconductivity studies of AlOx-capped ZnO --- p.35 / Chapter 3.6 --- Time- and Electron-dose dependent CL of AlOx capped ZnO --- p.41 / Chapter 3.7 --- Dependence of band-edge enhancement on Deep Level to band-edge emission ratio --- p.53 / Chapter 3.8 --- Temperature-dependent CL of AlOx capped ZnO --- p.56 / Chapter 3.9 --- Electrical measurement of luminescence enhanced ZnO --- p.64 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1 --- General discussion --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2 --- The effect of AlOx capping on the optical properties of ZnO --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3 --- The action of e-beam irradiation on the enhancement of band-edge emission --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4 --- The function of AlOx layer when under electron irradiation --- p.83 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusions --- p.85 / Reference --- p.87

The reflectivity, transmissivity, and absorptivity of freshly evaporated silver and copper films were measured in vacuo and then in the presence of several gases. These measurements were performed, using the photoelectric method, with two photomultiplier tubes (931-A and 1P21), and were made at an angle of incidence of zero degrees for two different wavelengths (4047 A and 4358 A). The gases used were air, argon, nitrogen and oxygen. The use of oxygen required several changes in the evaporating system in order that the diffusion pump oil would not oxidize too rapidly and cause an explosion. Air was found to increase the transmissivity in two steps, first an initial change, and second a gradual change. The reflectivity decreased in two similar changes. Nitrogen and oxygen revealed to a greater or lesser extent the same changes as were observed for air. Argon produced only a gradual change in both reflectivity and transmissivity. The initial change in oxygen was attributed to oxidation, and the initial change in nitrogen attributed to chemisorption. The gradual change in all gases was due to physical adsorption. The possibility that chemisorption might have caused the initial change in oxygen was pointed out, but this experiment did not allow a definite choice to be made. / Master of Science

Copper and silver films of various thicknesses were deposited at a rapid rate, from four to twenty-five seconds, on glass substrates in ultra high vacua at pressures of 10⁻⁸ torr or lower. Their optical properties, reflectivity, transmissivity and absorptivity, were determined in vacua and in air by direct measurement using photomultiplier tubes. All the measurements were made at nearly normal incidence with a monochromatic light beam of wavelength 4358 A. It was found that the reflectivity of films of both copper and silver decreased as they were exposed to air. The change took place in equal steps. Under the same circumstances, transmissivity increased but in a less regular way. Absorption changed in a most irregular fashion; no pattern could be established. From this study of optical properties, the layer formation on fresh, clean surfaces of copper and silver caused by the air molecules was quite evident. In the case of copper, there may be one or two layers depending on the thickness of the film. They are formed primarily by cuprous oxide. In the case of silver the layer was attributed to chemisorption. Even though there was some indication that more than one layer was formed, the evidence was not conclusive. / Master of Science

Part I focuses on studying the extent of cooperation in networked entities, within the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) and the Snowdrift Game (SG). The iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) is studied in the full payoff space spanned by two parameters beta and gamma. A theoretical study on two-strategy IPD is presented. We then numerically study the IPD in the full payoff space, with four different initial configurations. It is found that including the Tit-for-tat-like (ETFT) and Always-defecting-like (EAllD) strategies as initial strategies can maximize the dominating area of generous strategies in the payoff space at equilibrium. The roles played by ETFT and EAllD are further studied on the diagonal and anti-diagonal lines of the payoff space. / Part II focuses mainly on studying the optical properties of grating within the Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis (RCWA) method. The surface plasmon (SP) dispersion relation in a system consisting of a thin metallic film sandwiched between a linear dielectric and nonlinear dielectric of arbitrary non- linearity is derived, based on a generalized "first integral" approach. The SP dispersion relation in a system consisting of a thin metallic film sandwiched in a symmetric nonlinear dielectric environment is then derived. The changes in SP dispersion relations on film thicknesses are discussed for both cases. / The optical properties of two samples of one-dimensional metallic reflection gratings are studied. The numerical results of the zeroth order reflectance are in good agreement with experimental data. The Wood's anomaly occurs when a particular diffraction order emerges or disappears, thus inducing a change in the efficiency of other diffraction orders. This phenomenon is studied by calculating and measuring the efficiencies of all allowed diffraction orders. Numerical results of the near field patterns show a coupling between the waveguide and SP modes. We also study the controllable enhanced trans- mission in a semiconductor grating. The dielectric constant of a semiconductor becomes a tensor in the presence of a static magnetic field parallel to the slit. Numerical results based on RCWA reveal that the zeroth order transmission peaks at normal incidence can be shifted to longer wavelengths and the peak values of transmission can largely be enhanced when a moderate magnetic field is applied. A single-mode theory incorporating anisotropy is developed. The analytic results are in quantitative agreement with RCWA, indicating that the tunability in the transmission stems from the waveguide mode. / The Snowdrift Game is regarded as an important alternative to PD in studying the emergence of cooperation in competing populations. The phase transitions in spatial snowdrift games are introduced. By studying the relative alignments of the payoffs of C and D nodes, the phase transitions are analytically explained. As an extension to the standard two-person SG, an N-person Snowdrift Game (NPSG) is proposed to include generic multi-person interactions. NPSG in a well-mixed population is studied analytically by using the replicator dynamics. A simulation algorithm is developed. We also study NPSG on lattices and find a suppressed cooperation frequency, when compared with the well-mixed case. For NPSG played on 1D chain, the problem can be solved analytically. We further extend our work to study co-evolving dynamics. We propose and study a model in which the connections are driven to evolve by the dynamics of SG. Compared with played on static network, the cooperation frequency is promoted. A semi-analytic theory is proposed, with the results qualitatively agree with simulation results. / The thesis consists of two independent parts. Part I focuses on evolutionary games in networked entities and Part II focuses on calculations on optical properties of metallic gratings. / Yin, Haiping = 競爭群體中合作的產生及具規則結構之金屬薄膜的光學性質 / 尹海平. / Adviser: Hui Pak Ming. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-200). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Yin, Haiping = Jing zheng qun ti zhong he zuo de chan sheng ji ju gui ze jie gou zhi jin shu bo mo de guang xue xing zhi / Yin Haiping.

Optical detection devices such as optical biosensors and optical spectrometers are widely used in many applications for the functions of measurements, inspections and analysis. Due to the large dimension of prisms and gratings, the traditional optical devices normally occupy a large space with complicated components. Since cheaper and smaller optical devices are always in demand, miniaturization has been kept going for years. Thanks to recent fabrication advances, nanophotonic devices such as semiconductor laser chips have been growing in number and diversity. However, the optical biosensor chips and the optical spectrometer chips are seldom reported in the literature. For the reason of improving system integration, the study of ultra-compact, low-cost, high-performance and easy-alignment optical biosensors and optical spectrometers are imperative. This thesis is an endeavor in these two subjects and will present our research work on studying the optical transmission properties of dielectric aperture arrays and developing new optical biosensors and optical spectrometers. / Subsequently, optical transmission properties through a self-mixing interferometer array are studied and a novel high-resolution cost-effective optical spectrometer is proposed. The miniature interferometer-based spectrometer is made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with a CCD as the detector. The detected intensity of each CCD pixels contains the spectral information. Since each frequency component in the incoming beam corresponds to a unique phase difference of the two beam portions of each optical interferometer, the total intensity received by each CCD pixel, which is resulted from the addition of the interference signals from all the frequency components in the beam, should also be unique. Therefore, the spectrum calculation is a problem to solve an ill-posed linear system by using Tikhonov regularization method. Simulation results show that the resolution can reach picometer level. Apart from the choice of path difference between the interfering beams, the spectral resolution also depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and analogue-digital conversion resolution (dynamic range) of the CCD chip. In addition, the theory of uniform waveguide scattering is explored to expand the possibility of using such mini-interferometers for performing free-space spectral analysis of waveguide devices. At the same time, the method of least squares is used to correct the pixel non-uniformity of the CCD so as to improve the performance of the spectrometer. / The first half of the thesis demonstrates that the optical phase shift associated with the surface plasmon (SP) assisted extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) in nano-hole arrays fabricated in a metal film has a strong dependence on the material refractive index value in close proximity to the holes. A novel refractive index sensor based on detecting the EOT phase shift is proposed by building a model. This device readily provides a 2-D biosensor array platform for non-labeled real-time detection of a variety of organic and biological molecules in a sensor chip format, which leads to a high packing density, minimal analyte volumes, and a large number of parallel channels while facilitating high resolution imaging and supporting a large space-bandwidth product (SBP). Simulation (FDTD Solutions, Lumerical Solutions Inc) results indicate an achievable sensitivity limit of 4.37x10-9 refractive index units (RIU) and a dynamic range as large as 0.17 RIU. / The sensor chip and spectrometer chip introduced here are based on the interference of light transmitted through dielectric aperture arrays. Their compact feature renders these devices ideal for miniaturization and integration as the systems in microfluidics architectures and lab-on-chip designs. / Yang, Tao. / Adviser: H. P. Ho. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-163). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

by Man Wah-Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-180). / LIST OF FIGURES / LIST OF TABLES / abstract --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- introduction --- p.3 / Chapter 2. --- fabrication process / Chapter 2-1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.7 / Chapter 2-2 --- PROCESS DEVELOPMENT --- p.8 / Chapter 2-3 --- FABRICATION PROCEDURES FOR TIN FILMS --- p.10 / Chapter 2-4 --- FABRICATION PROCEDURES FOR TIN OXIDE FILMS --- p.14 / Chapter 2-5 --- FABRICATION THEORY --- p.21 / Chapter 2-6 --- OXYGEN ION IMPLANTATION OF TIN FILMS --- p.24 / Chapter 3. --- structural characterization / Chapter 3-1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.30 / Chapter 3-2 --- MICROSTRUCTURE / Chapter 3-2-1 --- SOME RELATED THEORIES OF GRAIN GROWTH / Chapter (1) --- Classical Theory of Grain Growth --- p.30 / Chapter (2) --- Hillock Growth --- p.31 / Chapter (3) --- Dislocation Creep Theory --- p.33 / Chapter (4) --- Biaxial Stress in Thin Films --- p.35 / Chapter (5) --- Surface Cluster Growth --- p.37 / Chapter 3-3 --- EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULTS / Chapter 3-3-1 --- MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS UNDER OPTICAL MICROSCOPE --- p.39 / Chapter 3-3-2 --- THE STRESS AND HILLOCK HEIGHT ANALYSIS OF TIN OXIDE FILMS --- p.48 / Chapter 3-3-3 --- MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS BY MEANS OF ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE (AFM) --- p.52 / Chapter 3-3-4 --- MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION --- p.69 / Chapter 3-3-5 --- SURFACE ANALYSIS BY MEANS OF X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY / Chapter (1) --- Introduction --- p.73 / Chapter (2) --- Basic Theory --- p.73 / Chapter (3) --- Experimentation And Results --- p.75 / Chapter 3-3-6 --- SURFACE STUDY OF ION IMPLANTED TIN OXIDE FILMS / Chapter (1) --- Experimental Results --- p.82 / Chapter 3-4 --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 3-4-1 --- QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRUCTURE WITH THE OPTICAL MICROSCOPE --- p.88 / Chapter 3-4-2 --- QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRUCTURE WITH SEM AND AFM / Chapter (1) --- Grain Growth of Tin Oxide Films --- p.89 / Chapter (2) --- Dependence of Grain Size on Deposition Rate --- p.91 / Chapter (3) --- Dependence of Grain Size on Film Thickness --- p.92 / Chapter (4) --- Dependence of Grain Size on Substrate Temperature --- p.92 / Chapter (5) --- Origin of Hillock Growth of Tin Oxide Films --- p.93 / Chapter 3-4-3 --- FILM COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS WITH X-RAY DIFFRACTION --- p.95 / Chapter 3-4-4 --- SURFACE ANALYSIS WITH X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY …… --- p.95 / Chapter 3-4-5 --- SURFACE ANALYSIS OF OXYGEN IMPLANTED TIN FILMS --- p.96 / Chapter 4. --- OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION / Chapter 4-1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.98 / Chapter 4-2 --- THEORY / Chapter (1) --- Free Electron Model --- p.99 / Chapter (2) --- Effect of Film Thickness --- p.100 / Chapter (3) --- Effect of Oxygen Contents --- p.101 / Chapter (4) --- Electron-Lattice Interaction and Bandgap Studies --- p.102 / Chapter 4-3 --- EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULTS --- p.105 / Chapter 4-4 --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 4-4-1 --- BANDGAP STUDIES FOR TIN OXIDE FILMS WITH DIFFERENT DEPOSITION CONDITIONS / Chapter (1) --- Variation of Film Thickness --- p.122 / Chapter (2) --- Film Appearance --- p.123 / Chapter (3) --- Variation of Substrate Temperature --- p.123 / Chapter (4) --- Variation of Oxidation Conditions --- p.123 / Chapter 5. --- ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION / Chapter 5-1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.126 / Chapter 5-2 --- RELATED THEORY / Chapter 5-2-1 --- CURRENT-VOLTAGE (I-V) CHARACTERISTICS --- p.127 / Chapter 5-2-2 --- CAPACITANCE-VOLTAGE (C-V) CHARACTERISTICS --- p.131 / Chapter 5-2-3 --- RELATION OF ELECTRICAL TO STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES / Chapter (A) --- Effects of Deposition Conditions --- p.133 / Chapter (B) --- Effects of Grain Boundaries --- p.133 / Chapter (C) --- Effects of Ionic Impurities --- p.134 / Chapter (D) --- Effects of The Interface Properties --- p.134 / Chapter 5-2-4 --- MEASURING TECHNIQUES / Chapter (A) --- I-V Measurment of Tin Oxide on a Silicon Substrate --- p.136 / Chapter (B) --- C-V Measurement of Tin Oxide Films on Silicon Substrates --- p.137 / Chapter (C) --- Electrical Measurement of Tin Oxide Films on a Quartz Substrate --- p.137 / Chapter 5-3 --- EXPERIMENTATION --- p.138 / Chapter 5-4 --- RESULTS --- p.141 / Chapter 5-5 --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 5-5-1 --- Analysis of the Conduction Mechanism for Sn02/Si n-p Heterojunctions --- p.161 / Chapter 5-5-2 --- Analysis of the Conduction Mechanism for Sn02/Si n-n Heterojunctions --- p.162 / Chapter 5-5-3 --- Effect on the Conduction Mechanisms of Film Thickness --- p.164 / Chapter 5-5-4 --- Effect on the Conduction Mechanisms of Oxidation Time --- p.166 / Chapter 5-5-5 --- Interfacial Properties of SnOx/Si Heterojunctions --- p.166 / Chapter 5-5-6 --- Electrical Properties of SnOx Films on Quartz / Chapter (1) --- Dependence of Film Conductivity on Measuring Temperatures --- p.168 / Chapter (2) --- Dependence of Film Conductivity on Oxidation Time --- p.168 / Chapter (3) --- Dependence of Film Conductivity on Oxidation Temperature --- p.169 / Chapter (4) --- Invariance of Film Conductivity at Some Certain Measuring Temperatures --- p.170 / Chapter (5) --- Activation Energy of Sn02 Films on Quartz --- p.170 / Chapter 6. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.172 / Chapter 7. --- FUTURE WORKS --- p.175 / Chapter 8. --- REFERENCES --- p.177 / Chapter 9. --- APPENDICES / Chapter 9-1 --- APPENDIX A List of photos --- p.181 / Chapter 9-2 --- APPENDIX B (1) ED AX results for some selected regions on samples with hillocks --- p.182 / Chapter (2) --- Relations between mean surface roughness and oxidation conditions --- p.185 / Chapter (3) --- XPS original data and typical XPS spectra for vacuum- evaporated SnO2 thin film --- p.186 / Chapter 9-3 --- "APPENDIX C Variations of optical parameters, refractive index n and extinction coefficient k in visible region with different oxidation conditions" --- p.189 / Chapter 9-4 --- APPENDIX D Electrical results for Sn02/Si heterojunction s --- p.191 / Chapter 9-5 --- APPENDIX E Calculations of band diagram for Sn02/Si heterojunctions --- p.194 / Chapter 9-6 --- APPENDIX F Resistivity versus impurity concentration for silicon at 300K --- p.196