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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The oxidation of methyl-[beta]-glucoside and cellulose with an aqueous chlorine system

Henderson, John Thomas, January 1957 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Institute of Paper Chemistry, 1957. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-38).
2

Metabolismo de alpha-metil glicosídio em Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Alpha-methyl glucoside metabolism in saccharomyces cerevisiae

Silva, Marcia Aparecida da 07 December 2007 (has links)
O transporte de α-metil glicosídio ( α-MG) em Saccharomyces cerevisiae foi recentemente reportado como transporte ativo, do tipo simporte de &$945;-MG com H+ mediado pela permease Agt1p. A cepa AP77-11B (cepa selecionada em nosso laboratório) 14C-α-MG pelo mecanismo descrito como difusão facilitada porque não existe co-transporte de H+ durante o transporte de α-MG. Os genes HXT1-HXT17 pertencem à família dos transportadores de hexoses em Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Então, nós decidimos investigar a possibilidade que o transporte de α-MG poderia ser mediado pelos transportadores de hexoses. Nós demonstramos que cepa MC966A (tipo selvagem), KY73 (isogênica com MC966A mas deletada nos HXT1-7), BSY08 (isogênica com KY73 com o AGT1 deletado), BSY09 (isogênica com MC966A com o AGT1 deletado) e a EBY.VW4000 (hxt1-17 agt1 gal2-null), não cresceram em α-MG como fonte de carbono. Além disso, estas cepas não transportaram α-MG por difusão facilitada quando as células foram cultivadas em meio com maltose, levando-nos a concluir que os transportadores de hexoses não estavam envolvidos no transporte de α-MG. Nós observamos que a cepa AP77-11B apresentou alta atividade de α-metilglicosidase periplásmica quando as células foram cultivadas em α-MG. Esta atividade enzimática foi ensaiada usando um método descrito primeiramente para invertase periplásmica, no qual as células eram incubadas com fluoreto de sódio, um inibidor da enolase, antes da incubação com α-MG. Então, a glicose produzida durante a hidrólise do -MG poderia ser determinada. A atividade extracelular só está presente em células cultivadas em -αMG. Células de-reprimidas não mostraram atividade de alpha-metilglicosidase. Os parâmetros cinéticos determinados para α-metilglicosidase, indicaram que esta enzima tem baixa afinidade para o alpha-MG. Além do mais, a atividade específica da alpha-metilglicosidase periplásmica aumentou ao longo da curva de crescimento em α-MG. Os resultados reportados mostraram que existem duas vias de utilização de α-MG em Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Uma via é mediada pela Agt1p, responsável pelo transporte ativo de α-MG. Na outra via, a α -metilglicosidase é secretada para o espaço periplásmico das células. Então, a glicose produzida pela hidrólise do α-MG é transportada pelos transportadores de hexoses por difusão facilitada. / Alpha-Methyl glucoside ( alpha-MG) transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was previously reported to be an active transport, a H+ -symport mediated by the Agt1p permease. Strain AP77-11B (a strain obtained in our laboratory) takes up 14C- alpha-MG by a mechanism which was ascribed to be facilitated diffusion since there is no H+-cotransport during the alpha-MG uptake. The HXT1-HXT17 there is no H genes belong to a family of hexose transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, we decided to investigate the possibility that -MG transport could be mediated by hexose transporters. We demonstrated that strains MC966A (w.t.), KY73 (isogenic to MC966A but hxt1-hxt7-null), BSY08 (isogenic to KY73 with AGT1 deleted), BSY09 (isogenic to MC966A with AGT1 deleted) and even strain EBY.VW4000 (hxt1-hxt17 agt1 gal2-null), were not able to grow on alpha-MG as the sole carbon source. Moreover, none of them presented alpha-MG transport by facilitated diffusion when the strains were grown on maltose leading us to conclude that the HXT glucose transporters were not involved in alpha-MG transport. We found that strain AP77-11B displayed a high periplasmic alpha-methylglucosidase activity when cells were grown on alpha-MG. This enzymatic activity was assayed using a method first described for periplasmic invertase in which cells were incubated with sodium fluoride, an inhibitor of enolase, prior to the incubation with alpha-MG. Then the glucose produced during alpha-MG hydrolysis could be accurately measured. The extracellular activity was present only in cells grown on alpha-MG. Glucose derepressed cells did not show periplasmic alpha-methylglucosidase activity.
3

Synthèses éco-compatibles de nouveaux composés amphiphiles biosourcés à base sucre et leurs applications en tant que tensioactifs et antimicrobiens / Eco-compatible synthesis of new biosourced sugar-based amphiphile compounds and their applications as surfactants and antimicrobials

Gozlan, Charlotte 25 November 2014 (has links)
Les travaux de recherche décrits dans ce manuscrit s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la chimie verte et du développement durable qui visent notamment l'emploi de matières premières issues de ressources renouvelables et la mise au point de procédés éco-compatibles pour la préparation de nouveaux produits à visées alimentaire, domestique ou thérapeutique. Dans ce contexte, une nouvelle voie d'accès aux acétals et éthers de monosaccharides (sorbitane et glucopyranoside de méthyle) a été développée. La synthèse se divise en deux étapes avec une première réaction d'acétalisation ou de transacétalisation qui a permis de synthétiser une nouvelle gamme d'acétals de monosaccharide. Puis, une seconde étape d'hydrogénolyse des acétals en présence de palladium sur charbon et sous pression d'hydrogène a permis d'accéder aux monoéthers de sorbitane et glucopyranoside de méthyle. Par la suite, un procédé en une étape et l'utilisation d'un intermédiaire acétal à courte chaîne comme solubilisant des réactifs a permis d'améliorer les rendements et d'envisager un développement à l'échelle industrielle. Enfin, ces nouvelles molécules ont été évaluées en tant que tensioactifs, cristaux liquides et antimicrobiens et certaines ont montré des propriétés très intéressantes qui permettraient d'envisager des applications potentielles dans ces domaines / The research work described in this manuscript is based on the green chemistry concept and within the frame of sustainable development which involve the use of raw materials from renewable resources and the development of eco-compatible process for the preparation of new products for food-processing, domestic or therapeutic applications. In this context, a new access to monosaccharide acetals and ethers (sorbitan and methyl glucoside) has been developed. The synthetic process is divided in two steps with an acetalisation or a transacetalisation as first reaction which allows to synthesize a new class of monosaccharide acetals. Then, a second step of acetal hydrogenolysis with palladium on charcoal and under hydrogen pressure has permitted access to sorbitan and methyl glucoside monoethers. Then, a one-step process and the use of intermediary short alkyl chain acetal as solubilizing agent has permitted to increase the yield and to consider an industrial development. Finally, these new molecules have been evaluated as surfactants, liquid crystals and antimicrobials and some of them have exhibited very attractive properties which could lead to potential applications in these fields
4

Metabolismo de alpha-metil glicosídio em Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Alpha-methyl glucoside metabolism in saccharomyces cerevisiae

Marcia Aparecida da Silva 07 December 2007 (has links)
O transporte de α-metil glicosídio ( α-MG) em Saccharomyces cerevisiae foi recentemente reportado como transporte ativo, do tipo simporte de &$945;-MG com H+ mediado pela permease Agt1p. A cepa AP77-11B (cepa selecionada em nosso laboratório) 14C-α-MG pelo mecanismo descrito como difusão facilitada porque não existe co-transporte de H+ durante o transporte de α-MG. Os genes HXT1-HXT17 pertencem à família dos transportadores de hexoses em Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Então, nós decidimos investigar a possibilidade que o transporte de α-MG poderia ser mediado pelos transportadores de hexoses. Nós demonstramos que cepa MC966A (tipo selvagem), KY73 (isogênica com MC966A mas deletada nos HXT1-7), BSY08 (isogênica com KY73 com o AGT1 deletado), BSY09 (isogênica com MC966A com o AGT1 deletado) e a EBY.VW4000 (hxt1-17 agt1 gal2-null), não cresceram em α-MG como fonte de carbono. Além disso, estas cepas não transportaram α-MG por difusão facilitada quando as células foram cultivadas em meio com maltose, levando-nos a concluir que os transportadores de hexoses não estavam envolvidos no transporte de α-MG. Nós observamos que a cepa AP77-11B apresentou alta atividade de α-metilglicosidase periplásmica quando as células foram cultivadas em α-MG. Esta atividade enzimática foi ensaiada usando um método descrito primeiramente para invertase periplásmica, no qual as células eram incubadas com fluoreto de sódio, um inibidor da enolase, antes da incubação com α-MG. Então, a glicose produzida durante a hidrólise do -MG poderia ser determinada. A atividade extracelular só está presente em células cultivadas em -αMG. Células de-reprimidas não mostraram atividade de alpha-metilglicosidase. Os parâmetros cinéticos determinados para α-metilglicosidase, indicaram que esta enzima tem baixa afinidade para o alpha-MG. Além do mais, a atividade específica da alpha-metilglicosidase periplásmica aumentou ao longo da curva de crescimento em α-MG. Os resultados reportados mostraram que existem duas vias de utilização de α-MG em Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Uma via é mediada pela Agt1p, responsável pelo transporte ativo de α-MG. Na outra via, a α -metilglicosidase é secretada para o espaço periplásmico das células. Então, a glicose produzida pela hidrólise do α-MG é transportada pelos transportadores de hexoses por difusão facilitada. / Alpha-Methyl glucoside ( alpha-MG) transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was previously reported to be an active transport, a H+ -symport mediated by the Agt1p permease. Strain AP77-11B (a strain obtained in our laboratory) takes up 14C- alpha-MG by a mechanism which was ascribed to be facilitated diffusion since there is no H+-cotransport during the alpha-MG uptake. The HXT1-HXT17 there is no H genes belong to a family of hexose transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, we decided to investigate the possibility that -MG transport could be mediated by hexose transporters. We demonstrated that strains MC966A (w.t.), KY73 (isogenic to MC966A but hxt1-hxt7-null), BSY08 (isogenic to KY73 with AGT1 deleted), BSY09 (isogenic to MC966A with AGT1 deleted) and even strain EBY.VW4000 (hxt1-hxt17 agt1 gal2-null), were not able to grow on alpha-MG as the sole carbon source. Moreover, none of them presented alpha-MG transport by facilitated diffusion when the strains were grown on maltose leading us to conclude that the HXT glucose transporters were not involved in alpha-MG transport. We found that strain AP77-11B displayed a high periplasmic alpha-methylglucosidase activity when cells were grown on alpha-MG. This enzymatic activity was assayed using a method first described for periplasmic invertase in which cells were incubated with sodium fluoride, an inhibitor of enolase, prior to the incubation with alpha-MG. Then the glucose produced during alpha-MG hydrolysis could be accurately measured. The extracellular activity was present only in cells grown on alpha-MG. Glucose derepressed cells did not show periplasmic alpha-methylglucosidase activity.

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