A wide variety of aspects of Machaka's poetry was treated. His poetry which is meaningful when viewed against his traditional culture brings inspiration and a formal mode of literary expression. Death was never accepted by the Tlokwa as an end to life. Machaka has succeeded in blending the ancestral worship with Christian faith. He has used euphemism to modify pain. He makes use of imagery to execute cruelty and bluntness of death. Machaka's protest poetry echoes the same protest of those of other protesters. These refer to the injustice the Blacks experienced from the white regime prior to independence. From his love poems, it is noticed that Machaka is a great lover. When he is in love, he becomes a slave. Machaka uses traditional and modem praise poetry techniques. This made him manage to produce poetry which made a definite impact on Northern Sotho literature and contributed to its depth / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

The aim of this thesis is to analyse methods used in translation of the Arabic poetry written in a quantitative metre based on the syllable length to Czech, regarding its form and preserving, substitution or elimination of the classical Arabis metre, and to try to propose a new, alternative method of translation that would corresponded with demands of the Czech prosody but also would preserve - at least partially - some typical elements of the Arabic poetry. In the first part of this thesis the basic character of the Arabic prosody is explained and the two basic formal components of the Arabic metric poetry are introduced: the quantitative metre and the continuous rhyme scheme. Then, a comparison of the Arabic verse to several European systems is provided. In the second part, the existing Czech translations of the Arabic poetry are summarized, especially regarding the metric poetry, and the attention is also paid to the way in which the translators deal with the formal components of the translated verses. The crucial parts of this thesis are the third part and the forth part. The third part includes the overview of the possible ways to translate the Arabic metric poetry with regard to the metre and the rhyme scheme. It presents four individual ways: complete preservation of the metre, its complete...

This thesis is based around the use of energy harvesting in systems, specifically for a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh testbed. This BLE mesh is located in a well lit lab and is currently powered by mains electricity. Systems such as the BLE mesh are considered Internet of Things (IoT). The market for these systems is rapidly expanding and in turn so is the energy use. Many systems are powered by battery, and the need to replace a battery with an energy harvesting system has arisen. This thesis will explore the possibilities to power a node in this mesh and introduce a level of intelligence to allow the system to better predict available energy to harvest. The lab the BLE mesh is in is characterised for potential energy sources. Light is chosen to be an exceptional power source, from here a lux metre is created from a photovoltaic (PV) cell. This PV cell would function as both the power for the system and provide a method to measure the current light intensity. This would help add a layer of intelligence to the system to allow future systems to better understand how much energy is available. This idea can be implemented in other harvesters as well. / Denna avhandling är baserad på användningen av energiskördning i ett system, specifikt i en Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-mesh. Denna BLE-mesh befinner sig i ett väl upplyst labb och är för närvarande strömdrivet genom huvudström. System som BLE-mesh anses vara en del av Internet of Things (IoT). Marknaden för dessa system expanderar snabbt och därmed ökar också energiförbrukningen. Många system är batteridrivna och det har uppstått ett växande behov av att ersätta batteriet med ett energiskördsystem. Denna avhandling kommer att utforska möjligheterna att strömförsörja en nod i denna mesh och införa en intelligensnivå för att förbättra systemets möjlighet att förutspå energi som är tillgänglig för att skördas. Labbet där BLE-meshen befinner sig karakteriseras för potentiella energikällor. Ljus valdes som en exceptionell kraftkälla, och därifrån skapas en luxmeter från en fotovoltaisk (PV) cell. Denna PV-cell ska fungera både som strömkälla för systemet och utgöra en metod för att mäta nuvarande ljusintensitet. Detta skulle bidra till att lägga till ett skikt av intelligens i systemet för att göra det möjligt för framtida system att bättre förutspå tillgänglig skördbar energi. Denna idé kan även implementeras i andra energiskördsystem.

<p> This report examines the dynamic response of a 0. 5 metre pilot scale rotating biological contactor when operated under transient influent conditions. Experimental data are presented for two modes of operation: carbon oxidation and carbon oxidation plus nitrification. During the carbon oxidation experimental runs, a 2.0 metre RBC was operated in parallel with the 0.5 metre RBC, thus allowing comparisons in the performance of the units. </p> <p> When the 0. 5 metre RBC was operated under nitrifying conditions, it was found that the effluent filterable TKN responded positively to influent variations in filterable TKN loading, TKN concentration and hydraulic loading. Transfer f unction noise models were developed which successfully predicted the time varying effluent TKN response. The response in effluent filterable TKN was predicted most precisely by influent TKN loading. Models based on influent TKN concentration and flow were not as precise in predicting effluent response. The effluent response of the 0.5 metre RBC was found to be greater than the response of activated sludge pilot units when operated at similar levels of removal. </p> <p> When the 0. 5 metre RBC was operated in the carbon oxidation 'mode, significant effluent responses were observed for carbon loading and concentration. Little correlation was found between influent flow and effluent carbon concentration. Operating under identical conditions, the 2.0 m RBC showed significant responses to carbon loading, carbon concentration and flow. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

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This thesis engages with complex issues of musical expression and movement, and their relation, on the one hand, to musical structure and, on the other hand, to embodied musical experience. It aims to fill a gap in music theory and analysis: most methods overemphasise abstract conceptualisation of structural relations at the expense of the more dynamic, intuitive aspect of musical experience. As a solution, it offers a specific analytical method that can be used to explore dynamic aspects of music as experienced through the whole body. Drawing mainly on nineteenth-century piano music, I analyse aspects of structure in both composition and performance in terms of expressive and motional qualities, revealing the relationship between musical and physical movement. Expressivity in music derives its meaning, at least partly, from the embodied experience of music: performers shape expression through their whole body while listeners react to it in a comparable way, albeit less overtly. Two related systems of graphic notation are introduced, which provide a non-verbal means of representing expressive movement and at the same time encourage an immediate, visceral relationship to the music. The first notation captures the animated quality of expressive movement by analogy with the motion of a bouncing ball, while the second breaks down the expressive musical flow into discrete gestural patterns of specific motional character. While the ultimate value of this method lies in the analytical process it instigates, it also provides a novel theoretical framework that sheds light on the interaction, as well as integration, between structures such as metre, rhythm, harmony and voice-leading, which are traditionally studied mostly independently. In addition, it provides a useful tool for the study and communication of performance interpretation, based on data extracted from recordings in the form of tempo and dynamic fluctuation graphs.

Optical frequency standards are necessary tools for accurate measurement of time and length. In practice these standards are stabilised laser systems locked to a known frequency reference. These references are typically the resonant frequencies of the atoms of an absorption medium that have been theoretically calculated to a high degree of accuracy. This thesis describes a combination of experimental and theoretical research performed on modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS)--a technique used to frequency stabilise a laser in order to produce an accurate frequency reference--with emphasis placed on developing techniques and procedures to overcome the limitations found in existing MTS stabilised laser systems. The focus of the thesis is to generate a highly accurate frequency reference by researching the system parameters that will increase the signal to noise ratio and improve the accuracy of the reference through refinement of the signal structure. The early theoretical interpretation of MTS was effectively a low absorption approximation that occurs at low pressures. This approximation ignores the depletion of beam energy through absorption and is a distinct limitation of the theoretical model in its ability to accurately predict the influence of a range of system parameters on signal strength and structure. To overcome this limitation a 3-D (or volumetric) analysis was developed and is presented here for the first time. This volumetric model is a measure of two depleted beams interacting collinearly in an absorbing medium of iodine and is described to accurately predict the signal maximum as a function of pressure for all wavelengths. This model was found to be more accurate in predicting the influence of system parameters on the signal strength and structure, including that of pump beam intensity, pressure, saturation parameter, cell length and modulation parameters. The volumetric model is a novel approach to MTS theory but is more complex computationally than the traditional low pressure model and therefore more difficult to implement in many situations. To overcome this problem a hybrid model was developed as a combination of the low pressure and volumetric models. The comparison between the rigorous volume model and the hybrid model indicate that there is a deviation in the signal strength at high pressures. However, the agreement was very good in the pressure regimes that are commonly used to realise actual frequency references. Comparison of the hybrid model to experimental data was performed over a range of different wavelengths (532 nm, 543.5 nm, 612 nm and 633 nm) and found to be in close agreement. This gives confidence in the model to accurately predict signal strength and structure in any situation. Three mechanisms have been identified that limit the accuracy of frequency references due to the creation of residual amplitude modulation (RAM) where it shifts the frequency of the reference. The influence of RAM is included in the hybrid model as a ratio of the amplitude modulated and frequency modulated components of the saturating beam. These RAM production mechanisms result from the modulation of the saturating beam, the overlap of the beams in the medium, and the differential absorption of the sidebands in the medium. While the first mechanism has been previously reported the latter two are discussed here in detail for the first time. RAM generated by the modulators used (acousto-optic or electro-optic modulators) was typically of the order of 10% to 12%, depending on the excursion of the created sidebands. RAM generated by an asymmetric beam overlap with the modulators used was found to be as large as 30%. A combination of these two independent mechanisms can be used to provide a "RAM-free" state of the system by using one to cancel the effects of the other. The third RAM generation process--medium induced RAM--is difficult to remove but through a careful combination of absorption related parameters--namely, pump intensity, cell length, pressure and detector phase--the effects of RAM can be removed, leading to a distortion free MTS signal. Further investigation into the predictions provided by the hybrid model shows that there is a complex relationship between cell length and the optimum pressure required for maximum signal strength, such that longer cell lengths will not necessarily improve the signal strength. This is contrary to conventional thinking and is important in the MTS design process to reduce unnecessary costs and improve the signal to noise ratio and frequency accuracy. Optimisation of frequency stabilised laser systems using MTS are generally performed using trial and error. Comparison of these optimum parameter values to those predicted by the hybrid model show that for popular wavelengths such as 532 nm they are similar. In addition, the hybrid model is able to predict the frequency shifts that arise within the system parameters used and has shown that existing systems being used at 532 nm, 633 nm and 778 nm could improve their signal to noise ratio and accuracy through a variation in the parameters. A methodology based on the hybrid model is presented that can be used to calculate the optimum parameters for maximum signal strength and a "RAM-free" state for any wavelength. This systematic approach can therefore be used to guide the design of actual frequency stabilised laser systems prior to and during the design process.

The contents of this thesis is design of audio power amplifier in Class D with fully digital control and remote control and is divided into two parts . The first part is devoted to the basic principles and theory of key elements of the entire amplifier. The second part consists of a complete description of the design and construction of a power amplifier, digital control with remote control, a spectrum analyzer, equalizer, preamp VU meters and complete power supply. Each proposal contains a detailed analysis of the solutions supported by simulations and software. For individual parts have been completely measured p arameters.

The history of European psalm paraphrases begins in late ancient Greek literature. Greek interest in combining poetic content and metre is documented in the paraphrase of Psalm 102 from the 4th century preserved in the Codex visionum and the paraphrase of the whole psalter from the mid-5th century called Metaphrasis psalmorum or "Homeric psalter", both composed in dactylic hexameters. They share some features with early modern paraphrases: use of artistic language, application of christological interpretation, relation to singing, various approaches in terms of the degree of dependence on the biblical text. The Hebrew text of the Psalms shows no signs of the metric arrangement that is characteristic of traditional European poetry. Some Hebrew verses tend to be regularly organized on a tonic basis, but this arrangement is not binding or regular, unlike the standard of traditional European poetry. In the European environment, however, there has been since ancient times a strong conviction that the Hebrew verse is regularly arranged on a quantitative principle, and this belief lasted until the early modern period. Renaissance translations of ancient poetry into vernacular languages use syllabic or accentual-syllabic verse, and the same type of verse is also used in early modern psalm paraphrases when...