The purpose of this essay is to examine the relationship between Christian and humanistic themes within the four large frescoes that Raphael painted in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican Palace. Through this examination I plan to demonstrate how the interrelation of these two seemingly contradictory themes was critical for the political aims and papal identity of the patron, Pope Julius II. I will argue that Julius commissioned the decoration of the stanza as a means of asserting his papal authority and presenting an identification of himself as the new Julius Caesar who ushered in a new Roman Golden Age. I will discuss the composition and iconography of the frescoes, the life of Pope Julius II, and Roman humanism in the Early Modern Period, in an attempt to prove that the representation and collaboration of the themes of humanism and Christianity were essential to Julius’s political strategies and identity-formation.

The diploma thesis focuses on work with poem mostly in lessons concerning reading and literary education and also cross-curricular usage of it in elementary school. The theoretical part is dealing with findings from the field of literary theory and didactics focusing on work with poetic text, its basic terms and poetic tools. There is also a brief development of Czech authorial poetry and reference to folk´s literature. The questionnaires of the research part are focused on usage of poetic texts in teaching in elementary school, the attention is especially put on the way how it can be applied and the degree of its application. The practical part offers a database of activities for work with poem and samples of handouts which were verified by pupils of elementary school. Methodical double-sheet for teachers is attached to the handouts for pupils.

The present study focuses on the two broad areas of theory and history of Czech verse, rhyme and stanza. The first part of the study is dedicated to the rhyme. It contains a historical and terminological introduction and a comprehensive description and interpretation of principles of rhyme in Czech accentual-syllabic verse (19th century). The characterization of the principles of rhyme in other versification systems (syllabic verse, quantitative verse) and in free verse is allocated in the separate sections. Methodologically, the first part is based on the tradition of Czech structuralism. The second part, dedicated to the stanza, brings a similarly conceived interpretation of stanzaic forms in the Czech syllabic and accentual-syllabic verse. Given the absence of Czech tradition, the second part is methodologically inspired by French metrics. In addition to terminological and methodological apparatus the second part includes an inventory of basic stanzaic forms in the Czech verse and its analysis. A separate section within the second part is devoted to the small group of quantitative stanzas employed in Czech verse. The third part contains three case studies on rhyme and stanzaic forms in the Czech poetry of the second half of the 19th century, with special attention to the poetic work of Jan...

<p>  </p> <p>This thesis is a book length collection of poetry. Divided into four sections, the book explores longing, distance, and often reckons with absence, as the poems attempt to overcome absence to achieve connection. Each of the first three sections seek to reach connection in their own distinct ways: the first through engaging the natural world, the second through exploring universal challenges of the human condition, and the third through place and location. The fourth and final section displays connections achieved or reimagines absence as something that can take on a presence through language and art. Many poems throughout the book stem from personal experience, longing for a lover or reimagining childhood experiences. Other poems step outside of the self to explore historical figures, events, or places. Many poems blend personal experiences with historical or scientific research to arrive somewhere new. The poems range from narrative to lyric and often engage modes such as elegy, reverie, meditation, and ars poetica. The poems possess a strong attention to sound and line and often utilize horizontal whitespace to physically manifest absence or motion on the page. In <em>Smallest Excavations</em>, the poet can be thought of as a collector—of snippets of memories, factoids, places, people, and natural wonders. What is collected is changed by the speaker’s poetic rendering, just as what is collected changes and molds the speaker’s identity.</p>

Although Alfred Tennyson's 1850 elegy, In Memoriam, has long been regarded for the quality of its grief and its doubt, the deepened sense of struggle and doubt produced by his allusions to Horace in both the matter and the meter of the poem have not been considered. Attending to both syntactical/tonal allusions and metrical allusions to Horace's Odes in In Memoriam, I will examine Horace's role in creating meaning in Tennyson's poem. Drawing on various critics and Tennyson's own works, I argue that Tennyson was uncommonly familiar with Horace's Odes and Horatian Alcaic (the most common meter of the Odes). I explore the similarities between the In Memoriam stanza form and the Horatian Alcaic as well as their differences to demonstrate that, while he was certainly capable of more closely replicating the Alcaic in English, Tennyson suggests but ultimately resists Horace's meter. Resistance to Horace's meter mirrors Tennyson's resistance to Horace's paganism. I conclude that Tennyson's identification with Horace, but not too close an identification, serves to enhance the themes of the poem—struggle, tension, grief, and doubt—in a way that would go unnoticed without a close examination of Horace's influence upon In Memoriam.

The purposes of this study were to formulate a definition of the "bob-wheel" stanza in which a number of Middle English and Middle Scots poems were written, to inventory and describe these works, with special attention to the structure of individual stanzas, to identify the genres, the periods, and the dialects in which they were written, and to trace their origin and development between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. The dissertation includes a general introduction of the topic, chapters on the influence of Latin and Romance stanzaic structure, a chronological survey of the bob-wheel poems, and a conclusion in which theories concerning the origins, development, and decline of the form are discussed.

The aim of this essay is to examine and compare how virtue was depicted in the visual arts in medieval and renaissance Italy: why it was depicted this way; how the depiction of virtues may have differed between the two periods and, if so, what caused it to change. The essay first examines and analyses the history of virtue, beginning in classical antiquity, and the evolution of virtue through the Middle Ages and the virtues’ role in society and art. It follows with a close examination of Giotto di Bondone and his grisaille frescoes of the virtues and vices in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua. The essay then examines the role of virtue in renaissance society and art, followed by a close examination of Raphael and his frescoes of the heavenly virtues in the Stanza della Segnatura in The Vatican Palace in Rome. The essay concludes with a discussion of how the two periods differed in their depiction of virtue and why.

A wide variety of aspects of Machaka's poetry was treated. His poetry which is meaningful when viewed against his traditional culture brings inspiration and a formal mode of literary expression. Death was never accepted by the Tlokwa as an end to life. Machaka has succeeded in blending the ancestral worship with Christian faith. He has used euphemism to modify pain. He makes use of imagery to execute cruelty and bluntness of death. Machaka's protest poetry echoes the same protest of those of other protesters. These refer to the injustice the Blacks experienced from the white regime prior to independence. From his love poems, it is noticed that Machaka is a great lover. When he is in love, he becomes a slave. Machaka uses traditional and modem praise poetry techniques. This made him manage to produce poetry which made a definite impact on Northern Sotho literature and contributed to its depth / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

A wide variety of aspects of Machaka's poetry was treated. His poetry which is meaningful when viewed against his traditional culture brings inspiration and a formal mode of literary expression. Death was never accepted by the Tlokwa as an end to life. Machaka has succeeded in blending the ancestral worship with Christian faith. He has used euphemism to modify pain. He makes use of imagery to execute cruelty and bluntness of death. Machaka's protest poetry echoes the same protest of those of other protesters. These refer to the injustice the Blacks experienced from the white regime prior to independence. From his love poems, it is noticed that Machaka is a great lover. When he is in love, he becomes a slave. Machaka uses traditional and modem praise poetry techniques. This made him manage to produce poetry which made a definite impact on Northern Sotho literature and contributed to its depth / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

The history of European psalm paraphrases begins in late ancient Greek literature. Greek interest in combining poetic content and metre is documented in the paraphrase of Psalm 102 from the 4th century preserved in the Codex visionum and the paraphrase of the whole psalter from the mid-5th century called Metaphrasis psalmorum or "Homeric psalter", both composed in dactylic hexameters. They share some features with early modern paraphrases: use of artistic language, application of christological interpretation, relation to singing, various approaches in terms of the degree of dependence on the biblical text. The Hebrew text of the Psalms shows no signs of the metric arrangement that is characteristic of traditional European poetry. Some Hebrew verses tend to be regularly organized on a tonic basis, but this arrangement is not binding or regular, unlike the standard of traditional European poetry. In the European environment, however, there has been since ancient times a strong conviction that the Hebrew verse is regularly arranged on a quantitative principle, and this belief lasted until the early modern period. Renaissance translations of ancient poetry into vernacular languages use syllabic or accentual-syllabic verse, and the same type of verse is also used in early modern psalm paraphrases when...