Aim: This study explored and described residential care for the elderly in eThekwini Municipality in terms of the organizational structure, staff and residents, and determined how those factors influenced elder care. This was aimed to make recommendations for residential care in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. Methodology: A descriptive explorative case study design, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted for this study. The study participants included eight administrators, twenty elderly residents and thirty nursing staff from four residential care facilities (RCFs) in eThekwini Municipality, Durban. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, record review and observation based on the structure, process and outcome of the study's conceptual framework. Qualitative data were gathered from administrators and elderly residents. The data were transcribed and analyzed manually using Framework Analysis (Ritchi & Spencer, 1994). Quantitative data was obtained from nursing staff using questionnaires, and analyzed using SPSS. Findings: Administrative fmdings followed the structure, process and outcome of the study. The structural findings were focused on facility philosophy and human-material resources, as well as on emerging themes from the data. The emerging themes from facility philosophy were assisting vulnerable people across age groups, document review, quality indicators, admission criteria and reasons for admission to each facility. Emerging themes from human-material resources were fmancial sustainability, staff-resident ratio and material resources. The process findings were focused on care and service delivery to the elderly and the emerging themes were one big family, incidence of abuse, methods of elder care and service delivery, knowledge about elder care, relationship of control, being there, gentle restraint, setting boundaries with the residents, medication safety, common religious belief and resident satisfaction. Findings from the outcome were focused on success and challenges of elder care, experiences of the elderly and nursing staff care experiences. Thus, emerging themes from success and challenges were strong bond, retaining staff, maintenance of physical structure, location of care centre; success and its dependence and challenges of procuring basic medical equipment. Findings from experiences of the elderly were reasons for admission, relationship, experiences of the elderly, response shift, psychosocial support and satisfaction with care, cultural belief and well respected. Emerging themes from nursing staffs experiences of caring for the elderly was mainly focused on their professional knowledge about elder care. Details of these findings are written down in Chapters Four and discussed in relation to literature in Chapter Five. Conclusion: The study concluded by making recommendations for the care of the elderly in -RCFs in eThekwini Municipality in line with the findings of the study. The recommendations have implications for the government, policy makers, nursing education and nursing research. Moreover, those concerned are encouraged to adopt and use the recommendations where applicable to promote residential care quality for the elderly in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Architecture is intended to house, shelter and define the framework within which human activity occurs. It is far more than purely functional and its vast impact on the physical, emotional and psychological aspects of its users should not be ignored. Unfortunately, much contemporary architecture has become driven by external appearances, pushing the boundaries of technology and engaging with the eyes. The sensory aspects of architecture that enhance the body's experience, have largely been neglected, much to the detriment of the human experience, as it is through the body that one perceives, engages and enjoys architectural spaces. This dissertation looks into a more appropriate response to architectural design that understands the significance of the sensory experience of the human body. Benefits of such an architectural theory are considered and the practical application of this approach to architectural design is discussed. Furthermore, this exploration is used to analyse children's experience of the built environment. Basic research recognises the importance of the environment on children's development; however, this knowledge is seldom applied to the design of children's spaces. The research undertakes to more fully examine children's development and the physical, sensory and psychological manner in which children engage with the built environment. The findings include proposed design approaches that suitably respond to this. The research culminates in an analysis of the sensory approach to architecture in the local context of KwaZulu-Natal. Conclusions are drawn from the research carried out through interviews, a review of literature, and analysis of case studies and precedents studies. The outcome of this dissertation is a set of recommendations, principles and an understanding of the criteria necessary to inform the design of a Children's Centre and Community Facility in Umlazi. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

This is a case study of people living in the Merebank/Wentworth area which is highly polluted. This area is sandwiched between the engine refinery SAPREF, Mondi paper mill, the Durban airport and other small industries. As such it is exposed to a mixture of gases in the atmosphere which is detrimental to the health of the residents. The residents have discovered that they cannot rely on government and authorities to bring relief to the situation and have thus made it a point to acquire 'really useful knowledge' in making industries accept accountability and "clean up their act." The study has confirmed that community organisations played a significant role in raising awareness of the pollution issue and mobilising people in social action which has resulted in the industries being pressurised to improve technology in refining crude oil. The study aimed to explore the kinds of learning that took place when the residents collectively participated in social action. Social interaction is a salient feature of learning. The case study is 'heuristic' in nature in that the community gives new meaning to their experience. A situated learning approach based on social learning theory is proposed as a theoretical framework for the study. Data for the inquiry into the participants group learning and social action consisted of taped interviews, participant observation and analysis of documents. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

Coastal forests are a significant component of the remaining natural vegetation in the greater Durban area. Being closely associated with an historical and rapidly developing urban environment, these forests are invariably small, isolated and variously disturbed. The nature of disturbance as an ecological phenomenon, coupled with unknowable disturbance histories and ongoing disturbance events poses particular challenges to traditional and tradition-bound attempts to understand and manage such forests. The intention of this study was to discuss as deeply as possible the nature of such challenges, while at the same time considering the broader relevance of practising ecology in the urban environment. At a practical level the forests were sampled in an attempt to describe forest communities, to assess the effects of disturbance on them, and to gain insight into the effects of different disturbance histories and regimes on forest physiognomy and floristics with a view to proposing management guidelines. Various descriptive approaches, as well as a multivariate analysis using Detrended Correspondence Analysis were used in an attempt to interpret the data collected. The unsatisfying nature of the data led the thesis to propose a review of the paradigm in which its methods were rooted. Both the data, and the broader issues on which the thesis touched were discussed in terms of biology's rootedness in philosophical assumptions. This led the thesis to a methodological position aligning it both epistemologically and ontologically with a philosophical method of investigation called phenomenology. While other philosophical contentions were touched upon, the main conclusion of the thesis was that phenomenological thinking, while challenging to apply, was relevant to philosophically mature and methodologically appropriate attempts to conserve the forests with which the thesis was concerned. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1993.

To assess the prevalence of anemia, we surveyed 10 to 14 month old infants of families with heterogeneous socio-economic backgrounds from four regions of inner-city Montreal. Capillary blood was drawn to measure hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and serum ferritin (SF). A home-visit questionnaire assessed infant feeding practices and potential confounding variables. In the overall sample, the prevalence was 14.3% for anemia (Hb≥110 g/L), 9.4% for iron deficiency (SF≤10 mug/L), and 4.3% for iron deficiency anemia (SF≤10 mug/L and Hb≤110 g/L or MCV≤72 fL). There were no significant differences in iron status indices between socio-economic subgroups. Protectors of anemia determined through logistic regression analysis were introduction of cow's milk at or following 9 months of age (OR 0.17 [95% CI 0.056 to 0.540]) and breastfeeding for 6 months or less (OR 0.23 [95% CI 0.086 to 0.637]). Our results suggest that important health inequalities relating to anemia do not currently exist among infants residing in Montreal.

Beginning with its historical setting, architectural discourse conceived city as its ultimate object, as the ultimate extension of the composition: the largest building. It relentlessly aimed to link its &ldquo / pure&rdquo / object&mdash / building&mdash / to the city either by locating the two within the general processes of material production or through analogies. Yet, despite such continuity, architecture&rsquo / s relationship with the city was conceived as the projection of an internal economy onto the city and remained unilateral. Architecture operated from the small scale to the large scale, radiating its &lsquo / specificity&rsquo / through the city via building. It became obvious in the late 20th century that it was not the &lsquo / architectural specificity&rsquo / to penetrate into modern metropolis but vice versa. Being a complex agglomeration of cultural systems&mdash / including design itself&mdash / metropolitan multiplicity resists the determination of significance of built environment through the specific codes of any institutionalized practice. Acknowledging such a complex system of relationships, namely &ldquo / metropolitan non-design,&rdquo / this study offers a reassessment of &lsquo / architectural design&rsquo / within the contemporary &lsquo / metropolitan condition.&rsquo / Departing from the disjunction(s) between the significance attributed through design and its appropriation through metropolitan non-design, work at hand aims to elaborate a new mode of &lsquo / architectural intervention&rsquo / compatible with the metropolitan instability. Through a cross-examination of Rem Koolhaas&rsquo / s &lsquo / Delirious New York&rsquo / and OMA&rsquo / s &lsquo / Parc de la Villette,&rsquo / concepts such as &lsquo / program,&rsquo / &ldquo / void,&rdquo / &ldquo / Bigness&rdquo / and &lsquo / architectural scale&rsquo / will be reassessed. Moreover, the goal is to replace the conception of architecture-metropolis relationship that is formulated through a duality with one that is conceived in terms of interacting, contiguous signifying structures.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 446-485).

This study focuses on the use of the Athrixia phylicoides plant in Tshwane, Gauteng, South Africa. The plant is used within the domestic domain as a beverage, for medicinal purposes, as well as for the manufacturing of domestic brooms. The aim of the study was to investigate the use and market of Athrixia phylicoides in two of the Tshwane markets, namely; Denneboom and Marabastad. Case study design, participant observation and interviews were employed to collect data. A literature review was conducted to construct a theoretical framework. The study reveals that traditional healers, broom makers and customers have a remarkable knowledge about Athrixia phylicoides, which has been untapped thus far. In addition, the study indicates that possible extinction of the Athrixia phylicoides plant, due to over-harvesting and lack of conservation, will pose a challenge to the market. / Anthropology / M.A. (Anthropology)

Text in English / An improved roads and public transport system also referred to in this research as road-transport, is strategic to economic growth in countries worldwide. This is why the improvements relating thereto have been prioritised by governments in developing economies such as South Africa. The problem that therefore informed the research in this study is that ever since the improvements on road-transport in South Africa, the implications thereof on the role of the Tshwane Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD) have not been studied, to understand the associated dynamics. The dynamics relate to how the road-transport improvements have swayed the role of law enforcement in the City of Tshwane. To unpack the dynamics, the study posed the question: What are the implications of the road-transport improvements on the role of the TMPD? In an attempt to answer this question, the study premised itself on exploring one primary aim, which is: to explore the implications of the road-transport improvements, on the role of the TMPD. To operationalise this aim, the study used three research objectives, which are: to describe the road-transport improvements In South Africa; to explain the role of the Tshwane Metropolitan Police Department; as well as to identify factors that hinders the effectiveness of the TMPD. The research used a qualitative approach wherein primary data was collected using interviews. The research showed that road-transport improvements in South Africa can be summarised into two categories. These are traffic improvements and improvements in public transport. The research also found that the role of the TMPD include traffic policing, by-law enforcement, crime prevention, crime Investigation and crowd management. Although the role of the TMPD is regulated properly, the study shows that this law enforcement agency was constrained by a number of challenges. The challenges include: lack of clarity in their crime prevention mandate; limited investigative powers; balancing their enforcement and crime prevention mandates; poor training in crowd management; staff shortages; resource problems; and administrative challenges. To deal with the problems thus requires strong management and leadership within the institution. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Policing)

As regiões metropolitanas surgiram a partir do desenvolvimento do modo de produção capitalista do século XX e tiveram seu reconhecimento em textos normativos a partir da Constituição de 1967. A Constituição de 1988 coloca a cargo dos Estados a eventual instituição de regiões metropolitanas. A Região Metropolitana de São Paulo foi criada com a Lei Complementar nº 94/74, antes mesmo da atual constituição. A delegação e fiscalização do transporte público metropolitano da região estão a cargo da Secretaria de Transportes Metropolitanos. O transporte público coletivo é considerado um serviço público e, como tal, deve obedecer a algumas regras para sua delegação a terceiros (empresas privadas), o que se pode dar por concessão, permissão ou concessão patrocinada. A remuneração da prestação do serviço público se dá, em geral, pelo pagamento de tarifa, mas pode abranger também um pagamento do Poder Público para viabilizar o negócio. Da mesma forma, pode o concessionário ou permissionário necessitar pagar um valor referente ao custo da outorga e a custos gerenciais. O transporte público é essencial para a circulação nas cidades, o que garante maior acessibilidade e mobilidade principalmente à população de baixa renda. Vários são os modos de transporte público, sendo que o ônibus é o mais comum e que demanda menores investimentos. A delegação do serviço de transporte coletivo na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo foi dividida em cinco áreas para maior controle do Estado sobre a execução dos contratos, sendo que somente quatro delas possuem contratos a partir de licitações iniciadas em 2005. Escolheu-se o procedimento realizado para a Área 1 para estudo, em vista da similaridade dos procedimentos referente às demais áreas. Apesar das diversas tentativas de contratação de empresas para a execução do serviço na Área 5, até o momento todas as tentativas foram fracassadas. Por fim, segue-se a uma análise crítica de todo o estudado. / The metropolitan regions emerged from the development of the capitalist mode of production of the twentieth century and had its normative recognition in the 1967 Constitution text. The 1988 Constitution places the responsibility of the states to possible imposition of metropolitan regions. The Sao Paolo Metropolitan Region was created by the Complementary Law n º 94/74, even before the current constitution. The delegation and supervision of the metropolitan public transport in the region are made by the Secretariat of Metropolitan Transport. The public transportation is considered a public service and, as such, must obey some rules for its delegation to third parties (private companies), which can be given through a concession, permission or sponsored concession. The remuneration of the public service implementation is made by the bus fare, but may also involve a payment from the Government to enable the business. Likewise, the company may pay an amount related to grant and management costs. Public transport is essential for the movement in the cities, which ensures greater accessibility and mobility mainly to low-income population. There are several modes of public transportation, and the bus is the most common and lower investment demand. The delegation of the public transport service in Sao Paolo Metropolitan Region is divided into five areas for greater state control over the contracts implementation, and only four of them have contracts from bidding started in 2005. We chose the procedure performed for Area 1 for study in view of the similarity of procedures regarding other areas. Despite several attempts to hiring companies for the execution of the service in Area 5, so far all attempts failed. At the end it\'s made an critic analysis of what was studied.