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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Débora Ferreira da Cunha - 2017.pdf: 16693929 bytes, checksum: c9fea6b8725c32b5c2c8d6d5f379339a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-16 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The goal of this research is to study territorial organization, growth and urban expansion of Goiânia’s metropolitan region, verified in the last three decades (1980-2010) and its insertion on the metropolization context. The detailed investigation process focused mainly on researching and analyzing relevant transformation occurred in the structural formation of the metropolitan territory and the spatial interactions among the region’s municipalities, by trying to relate them with the process of urbanization and metropolization. Initially we sought to approach the formation and territorial structure of Goiás and its urban dynamics of population distribution and economy. Beginning from 1980’s, there is a strong influence of the metropolitan phenomenon in Goiás, where metropolitan counties start to grow around Goiânia and Brasília composing urban agglomerations that started to represent the main spatialities of the state. Immediately, for a better characterization of the object of this study, we formulated a description and analysis of Goiânia’s Metropolitan Region (RMG) by investigating the formation process of Goiânia’s Urban Agglomerate, even the creation and institutionalization of RMG focusing on the region’s metropolitan expansion and its recent alterations based on the analysis of urban-metropolitan growth vectors. Next we approached and discussed the structuring of RMG beginning from its road system and metropolitan public transport network as form structuring elements and metropolitan integration with the intention of verifying its particular way of developing. Finally we performed the study of the cities and spatial interactions in RMG to demonstrate the metropolitan spatial configuration as a disaggregated form of territorial unity. Therefore, we observed the metropolis and all the cities that compose it and form a network of integrated cities under the theoretical perspective of the “geographical theory of cities' (PUMAIN, 2006, 2011) by considering the geographical differences of its cities, relative to population and work dimension as well as pendular mobility of the metropolitan population, which are established in other hierarchical multi directional articulations in the metropolitan territory. After the analysis of the metropolitan expansion vectors, it was then proved the hypothesis that the growth of Goiânia’s metropolitan region does not occur homogeneously and it presents its own differentiated dynamics, distinct from the classic homogeneous model of center-suburbs that predominated up until Goiânia’s metropolization. The study showed that there are, in fact, new urban-metropolitan processes and they are in conformity with recent urbanization processes, similar to what occurs in other urban agglomerations in Brazil and around the world. These new processes are more evident in the south vector of metropolis expansion, where new types of centrality production can be verified, with the combined presence of continuous and dispersed cores; formed by service equipment, closed vertical and horizontal condominiums and in other vectors, ecological condominiums, recreational small farms dispersed around the region - representing a metropolization - at the same time related to concentration and dispersion. The metropolitan spatial configuration is centered in the metropolis - Goiânia - and it has a striking part in the structuring of metropolitan interdependence logic, revealing a spatial pattern centralized in Goiânia, hierarchical and conurbated. In spite of the strong concentration on the capital, when territorial and spatial organization of Goiânia’s metropolitan subsystem is analysed, from a network of cities, by people’s everyday mobility, it was observed another hierarchical articulation in the metropolitan space, multi directional, in which cities inter relations, by pendular flows (2000/2010) are bidirectional, in part multilateral and semi reticular, transforming itself in a less hierarchical and flexible, yet more complex metropolitan subsystem. / A pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar a organização territorial, o crescimento e a expansão urbana da região metropolitana de Goiânia, verificadas nas três últimas décadas (1980-2010), e sua inserção no contexto da metropolização. A investigação detalhada do processo preocupou-se em pesquisar e analisar as transformações relevantes ocorridas na estruturação do território metropolitano, e as interações espaciais entre os municípios da região, buscando relacioná-las com os processos de urbanização e metropolização. Procuramos, inicialmente, abordar a formação e estrutura territorial de Goiás e suas dinâmicas urbanas de distribuição da população e da economia goiana. A partir de 1980, inicia-se uma forte influência do fenômeno metropolitano em Goiás, quando surgem municípios metropolitanos, no entorno de Goiânia e Brasília, compondo aglomerações urbanas que passaram a representar as principais espacialidades do estado. Em seguida, no sentido de melhor caracterizar o objeto de estudo, elaboramos uma descrição e análise da Região Metropolitana de Goiânia (RMG), investigando o processo de formação do Aglomerado Urbano de Goiânia, até a criação e institucionalização da RMG, enfocando a expansão metropolitana da região e suas alterações recentes, com base na análise dos vetores de crescimento urbano-metropolitano. Na sequência, abordamos e discutimos a estruturação da RMG, a partir do sistema viário e da rede metropolitana de transporte coletivo, como elementos estruturadores da forma e integração metropolitana, com intuito de verificar seu modo particular de desenvolvimento. Finalmente, realizamos o estudo das cidades e das interações espaciais na RMG, para demonstrar a configuração espacial metropolitana enquanto unidade territorial de forma desagregada. Para tanto, observamos a metrópole e todas as cidades que a compõem e formam uma rede de cidades integradas, sob a perspectiva teórica da ‘teoria geográfica das cidades’ (PUMAIN, 2006, 2011), considerando as diferenças geográficas de suas cidades, relativas as dimensões populacionais e de emprego, bem como da mobilidade pendular da população metropolitana, que se estabelecem em outras articulações hierárquicas multidirecionais no território metropolitano. Realizada a análise dos vetores de expansão metropolitana, ficou comprovada a hipótese de que o crescimento da região metropolitana de Goiânia não ocorre mais de modo homogêneo e apresenta dinâmicas próprias e diferenciadas, distintas do clássico modelo centro-periferia, que predominou até o início da metropolização de Goiânia. O estudo demonstrou que existem, de fato, processos urbano-metropolitanos novos e em conformidade com os processos recentes de urbanização, à semelhança do que ocorre em outras aglomerações urbanas do Brasil e do mundo. Essas novos processos são mais evidentes no vetor de expansão sul da metrópole, onde se verificam novos tipos de produção de centralidade, com a presença combinada de núcleos contínuos, e também dispersos; formados por equipamentos de serviços, condomínios verticais e horizontais fechados; e ainda em outros vetores, condomínios ecológicos, chácaras de recreação e lazer, dispostos na região – representando uma metropolização, ao mesmo tempo, relacionada com a concentração e a dispersão. A configuração espacial metropolitana está centrada na metrópole – Goiânia –, que tem um papel marcante na estruturação das lógicas de interdependência metropolitana, revelando um padrão espacial centralizado em Goiânia, hierarquizado e conurbado. Apesar da forte concentração da capital, quando se analisa a organização territorial e espacial do subsistema metropolitano de Goiânia, a partir da rede de cidades, pela mobilidade cotidiana das pessoas, observa-se outra articulação hierárquica no espaço metropolitano, multidirecional, na qual as inter-relações entre as cidades, pelos fluxos pendulares (2000/2010), são bidirecionais, em parte multilaterais e semi-reticular, transformando-se em um subsistema metropolitano menos hierárquico e mais flexível, porém mais complexo.

This thesis presents an analysis of air quality control initiatives in the GVRD. Starting with an examination of deteriorating regional air quality, oxides of nitrogen emissions (NOx), are the focus (as a precursor to ground level ozone.) The research demonstrates that if the status quo is maintained, episodes of ground level ozone will get worse and the effects will be far reaching and expensive. The Greater Vancouver Regional District's Air Quality Management Plan is reviewed, with emphasis on analysis and evaluation of emission reduction strategies. Emission Reduction Measures (ERMs) are various methods of reducing air pollution (including scrubbers on smoke stacks, transportation demand management, alternative fuels and motor vehicle inspection/maintenance programs.) Emission Reduction Measures are viewed as the tools that must be implemented to solve air quality problems. Environmentally, the most desirable solution would be to implement all ERMs. However, factors such as cost effectiveness and social, financial, political and customer service impacts must be considered and the best measures should be implemented first. The best solutions are those that meet as many objectives as possible while causing the least amount of negative impacts on the economy, society, government and the environment. Finding optimal solutions is a task that requires formalization of common sense. Analytical frameworks such as the cost/benefit analysis, decision analysis and the multiple account/objective analysis are considered as potential tools to help "make sense" of the complexity of air quality policy decisions. The intent is to provide useful and readily understandable information to decision makers. The Multiple Account Analysis (as used by The Crown Corporations Secretariat) is applied to an assortment of Emission Reduction Measures to help identify the "best" order for implementation. This method provides results that compare accounts of importance (such as cost effectiveness and emission reduction potential) and presents decision makers with quality information highlighting tradeoffs and preferences. In the scope of this paper, four ERMs are analyzed across accounts and the results presented in a matrix. The AirCare Program appears as the best choice for effective reduction of oxides of nitrogen when compared to alternative fuels, vanpooling and the Burrard thermal generating plant rebuild. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

This study focused on two factors, auspice and job satisfaction, which have been shown to impact on the quality of child care programs. However, while research has indicated that auspice, job satisfaction, and program quality are intertwined, there is a lack of research which explores these factors qualitatively. There is also a dearth of research which has considered auspice from the caregivers' perspectives. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the meaning that caregivers give to auspice in their work in nonprofit and for-profit child care centers. As well, this study sought to examine the relationship between auspice and job satisfaction from the caregiver's point of view, paying close attention to differences in job satisfaction that existed between staff employed in nonprofit centers and staff who worked in private or for-profit centers. A series of qualitative, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight child care workers from the Vancouver Metropolitan area. Four of the participants were employed in or owned private centers and four of the participants worked in nonprofit centers. Positive and negative perceptions of both nonprofit and private auspice emerged. In particular, the nonprofit participants believed that child care should be operated as a service and not a business. They perceived that the motive to make a profit in child care lead for-profit centers to sacrifice quality in order to cut costs and maximize profits. On the other hand, the for- profit participants perceived that their centers provided high quality care and were dedicated to putting the needs of children and staff first. In general, the participants'' perceptions of factors that influenced their job satisfaction were similar across auspices. The nature of child care work and supportive relationships with co-workers were factors which positively influenced job satisfaction while the perceived lack of status in the eyes of society negatively affected satisfaction. Differences in job satisfaction according to auspice were found on several factors, such as government policies and a perceived lack of enough time to accomplish job duties. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The general purpose of the study was to determine, analyze, and evaluate the basic nature of the distribution processes involved in the marketing of antique furniture in Dallas, Texas. The study utilizes the marketing mix components as a framework for understanding the nature of the industry. Various aspects of the channels of distribution and physical distribution, the products themselves, pricing mechanisms, and the promotion methods, as well as the market itself and distribution problems, were examined. The primary data were gathered from 29 retail antiques dealers in the Dallas metropolitan area.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / No abstract available. / South Africa

The thesis Prostor daily as a phenomenon of Czech photojournalism focuses on the analysis of the journalistic photographs in two dailies established after 1989 - Prostor daily and Metropolitan/Metropolitní telegraf daily. The analytical part of the thesis consists of the quantitative content analysis and the qualitative analysis of the pictures; the thesis also contains interviews with seven former members of the photographic department of Prostor daily - Radovan Boček, Karel Cudlín, Jaromír Čejka, Jan Jindra, Zdeněk Lhoták, Roman Sejkot and Tomáš Štanzel. The aim of the thesis is to define the differences between Prostor daily and the other dailies at that time, why it was 'visually extraordinary' and why it became a phenomenon of Czech photojournalism.

Housing delivery and issues relating to housing delivery have long been a complicated subject for most SA municipalities and government departments tasked with these responsibilities. The aforementioned complications stem from our inherited apartheid planning that was mainly focused on inequality, racial segregation and spatial fragmentation of land use. Corruption, lack of skills, financial constraints and lack of resources are issues further considered to be contributors to the complications related to housing delivery. The study to be conducted seeks to play a part in dealing with the complicated nature of housing delivery through being a toolof assessment. The study is in the form of an evaluation as it mainly deals with obtaining answers relating to the views of the respondents on the sustainable human settlement program implemented as part of the DVRI in the BCMM. In doing so it, seeks to provide answers to some of the challenges faced by municipalities and other government departments so as to ensure that going forward, best practices are adopted in the housing delivery process. The findings from the study revealed primarily that, what is planned on paper is not often what is implemented on the ground. In evaluating the aims and objectives of the two sustainable human settlement pilot projects implemented as the BNG pilot projects through the DVRI, a considerable number of the objectives of the projects have not been met according to the beneficiaries. The reasons for the lack of satisfaction relating to the two projects as cited by the respondents included, amongst other things; dissatisfaction with the quality of the structure, lack of adequate services, lack of employment opportunities, lack of recreational facilities, lack of social facilities, lack of safe and reliable transportation and the general maintenance of the settlement. Solutions to the identified issues include; improved and meaningful participation between government, planners and the beneficiaries of such housing projects, so as to ensure that the views of the beneficiaries are considered and that they have a considerable influence on the decisions taken, thus promoting a bottom-up approach to the housing delivery process. The provision of key recreational and social amenities and the improved maintenance of the general settlement were also identified by the respondents as solutions.

Vaccines have greatly contributed to the control of vaccine preventable diseases. The adoption of the Decade of Vaccines (DoV) by the World Health Assembly in 2011 is an indication of how the global community values the benefits of vaccines. Efforts by many countries to introduce new vaccines are a significant move towards attaining this vision. However, new vaccines put strain on vaccine supply chains. The immunization programme in South Africa has similar challenges, with indications of vaccine stock outs in clinics since the introduction of three new vaccines in 2009. This study set out to establish the status of availability of vaccines in Tshwane government clinics and associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of randomly selected government clinics in Tshwane health district of Gauteng province. Data was collected using a structured measurement instrument during a visit to each of the participating clinics. Data was collated and analysed using excel based software. Results: A total of 31 clinics participated. In the preceding 12 months, clinics experienced vaccine stock outs, especially of the 3 new vaccines: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), rotavirus (RV) vaccine and Pentaxim ®. These were also out of stock for a long duration; for over 2 weeks in a majority of clinics. The causes of vaccine stock outs were: poor management of stock, depot out of stock, unreliable deliveries, lack of pharmacy assistants, and limited fridge capacity. Further burdening the situation is the emergency ordering system that does not function effectively. Conclusion: Significant vaccine shortages occur in Tshwane government clinics. It is recommended that the vaccine supply chain should be restructured and overhauled with the use of advances in technology. Urgent measures should be taken to address the identified causes of stock outs including ensuring reliable deliveries of stock and emergency orders.

Background: Obesity is a chronic and complex metabolic disease with associated comorbidities. The prevalence of excess body weight has risen substantially in both affluent developed countries and in developing countries worldwide. In 2008 it was estimated that 43 million children under the age of five were overweight, with developing countries accounting for 75 percent of these rates. Furthermore, with 75 percent of these children developing adulthood obesity, mortality rates due to obesity will continue to increase unless preventative interventions are implemented. Objective: To identify the prevalence of obesity and overweight among urban seven to 10 years old children in Quintile five English-medium schools in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Design and Methods: A quantitative descriptive one-way cross-sectional research design utilising random sampling was used. A total of 713 children participated in the study. A onceoff survey consisted of anthropometrical assessment of height, weight and waist circumference. To classify children into weight categories, the International Obesity Task Force cut-off values were used. A validated physical activity – related behaviour questionnaire was completed to explore and identify the daily level of physical activity expressed in MET values. Using one-way ANOVA’s and Chi-squared tests, significance between variables was analysed. Results: Overweight prevalence was 20.9 percent and obesity prevalence was 9.8 percent. A significant relationship was found between obesity and overweight levels for gender, age, ethnicity and culture. No significant relationship was found for obesity and overweight prevalence and physical activity. Conclusion: Results highlight the rising prevalence of obesity and overweight amongst urban children from affluent primary schools and the necessity for further research to explore sociocultural factors that impact on obesogenic behaviour in South African youth.

A great deal of planning literature in the last decade has been devoted to growth management and the concept of land use and transportation interactions. "New" approaches to planning, such as Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and Neo-Traditional Neighbourhood Design, are products of this evaluation of current development practices. The influence of housing affordability and accessibility, although intuitively related to the growth management problems of urban sprawl and automobile dependence, has often been overlooked. The purpose of this research is to bridge important gaps in our understanding of how residential land use and transportation infrastructure investments are shaping unsustainable growth and travel patterns in the GVRD, which is the main problem being addressed. The research objectives related to this problem are the correlation of observed trends in growth, housing and travel indicators, the determination of the importance of price and accessibility factors in household location decisions, and the analysis of the role that land use and transportation decisions have played in influencing housing costs and accessibility. To provide a context for understanding the scope of the problem and the relationships between the research results and proposed recommendations, the applicable literature, theory, and policies in the areas of growth management, land use, transportation and housing are given. Supporting research results include: a survey of senior stakeholders in the region on land use, transportation and housing issues; a synthesis of significant socioeconomic, growth, transportation and housing data; a summary of surveys outlining preferences for residential location and housing type; and an analysis of Place of Work data crosstabulated against Place of Residence and socioeconomic variables. The results show a strong dependency between location decisions and the cost and accessibility of housing, particularly for the critical group of younger households with children. Policy recommendations, based on the research and covering land use, transportation, housing, governance and education, are proposed to address the main sustainability problems studied. The recommendations focus on promoting affordable, higher density communities, with a choice of transportation modes, as an attractive alternative to lower density, automobile-dependent suburbs. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate