Tomás Segovia and Angelina Muñiz Huberman belong to a group of writers known as «Hispanomexicanos». Most approaches to this generation have been towards the role that exile plays in their early work, paying almost no attention to its role after that initial stage. These approaches have been limited to the first years of their work, in the belief that those writers subsequently moved on to deal with issues which are different from those in which their experience of exile is clearly the central topic. However, through an analysis of the poetry of Muñiz and Segovia, this thesis aims to show that exile continues to play a central role beyond that first stage. It argues that their exile is transformed into a series of symbols that come to constitute a shared style and, more importantly, it proposes that their experience of exile is transformed into a feeling of existential displacement which impels a search for meaning and belonging to the world. Consequently, the conclusion presented in this thesis is that exile plays a central role in their poetry, in the sense that it expresses the ways in which these two writers search and transmit meaning and attempt to feel part of the world. Ultimately, this thesis aims to set an example of approach which could be productively taken to study the work of other writers from this generation.

This dissertation proposes to explain how militarization during the turn of the twentieth century affected relations in the transnational West Texas region between Mexicans and Anglos and between the United States and Mexico. The study seeks to demonstrate that militarization complicated these relations and deepened racial and international divisions. Within this discussion, the study will also demonstrate that the "border troubles" of the early twentieth century gave shape to an authority structure that was composed of border institutions that sought to pacify the region with ever-increasing vigilance and punitive measures. The result of such measures was a disciplined society that reinforced racial segregation in towns and cities along the border, specifically El Paso. A case study approach is utilized to highlight specific events, institutions and public figures that contributed to the formation of authority in El Paso. They include the National Guard, the 1916 El Paso race riot, the Texas Rangers, and the Border Patrol. The affects of developing authority and their institutions on race relations along the U.S.-Mexican divide are addressed. Historians have discussed various aspects of the history of immigration, race, and labor in the border region. However, they have given little attention to militarization and the emergence of authority in the integration of Mexicans and Mexican Americans into American society in the border region. Militarization of the U.S.-Mexican border between 1890 and 1924 contributed to the definition of racial and ethnic relations. This study examines the history of the West Texas region while focusing on the changing relationship between the Mexican-origin community and larger society. The general intent is to demonstrate that the militarization of the region complicated relations at the same time that it established institutions that defined the new political structure in the border region. The dissertation also studies how the history of Mexican Americans was tied to the special relations between the communities along the border. This transnational relationship serves as a vantage point from which to study national and regional histories and an emphasis on race allows this study to explain the extent to which militarization affected social relations in the border region.

The life and fate of Maximilian I, the last emperor of Mexico, has attracted a substantial amount of research since his death in 1867. However, these works either only deal with the last few years of Maximilian’s life, from his candidature for the Mexican throne to his death at the hands of the Mexican liberals, or with other aspects of his life such as his time as governor of Lombardy-Venetia. Thus the main aim of this thesis is to offer a biography of Maximilian, which will not only look at Maximilian’s reign as emperor of Mexico but will also examine the Habsburg aspect of the story. It is thus necessary to look at the extent to which his Habsburg upbringing, his education and his experiences as governor of Lombardy-Venetia shaped his idea of kingship; how his travels and his time in Italy conditioned him to regard the “other” in a certain imperial way; and how all these essentially Habsburg experiences and ideas played a part in his failure and demise in Mexico. This thesis will thus aim to give a rounded picture the life and death of Maximilian I by examining his upbringing, his education, and his experiences in the navy and in Lombardy-Venetia. For without an understanding of these it is impossible to fully comprehend Maximilian’s actions in Mexico.

Orientador: Francisco Foot Hardman / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T22:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodriguezAlmonacid_CarmenCecilia_M.pdf: 632920 bytes, checksum: 7591e143884074b28374a551d9fe53bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Que pode aportar um conjunto de obras para a elaboração de uma memória? A literatura procura no passado, indaga nele querendo resgatar, desde uma perspectiva da memória histórica e da experiência individual, as formas de estabelecer um território que ajude a preservá-la. Assim, a memória é forjada e protegida ao fluir pelas páginas que a literatura cria, enriquecendo e transformando a realidade social e cultural na qual emerge. A proposta deste estudo se centra na reflexão da relação entre a memória e a história - os vínculos entre a memória coletiva e a memória individual - e o problema da narrativa dessa memória nas obras do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño. Assim sendo, nosso trabalho objetiva especificamente traçar um percurso pelas profundezas da memória e do esquecimento, da barbárie e da injustiça na análise das obras Estrella distante, (1996), Nocturno de Chile (1996) e Amuleto (1999), as quais cumprem um papel chave no trabalho de consolidação de uma memória, pois nelas se reconhece sua proposta estética no campo literário latinoamericano relativo à como narrar o passado traumático da sociedade chilena durante a ditadura militar de quase duas décadas. Há nessas três histórias elementos que são essenciais para expor o questionamento que a escrita de Roberto Bolaño realiza perante a violência do Estado, na medida em que sua narrativa apresenta uma severa crítica política na recuperação do passado, desde a matança de Tlatelolco às torturas do Chile de Pinochet / Abstract: What can a set of written works influence the elaboration of a memory? Literature searches the past, questions it to rescue, from a historical memory perspective and individual experience, forms to establish a ground, which helps to preserve it. Thus, memory is forged and protected when it flows through the pages that literature creates, enriches and transforms to easily insert in social and cultural reality from where it emerges. The proposal of this study focuses on the reflection of the relationship between history and memory, the links between collective memory and individual memory, and the problems related to the narrative of this memory in the works of Chilean author Roberto Bolaño. This way, our task aims specifically to trace a way through the depths of memory and oblivion, the barbarian and evil in the analysis of the works Estrella distante (1996), Nocturno de Chile (1996) and Amuleto (1999), which play a key role in the consolidation of a memory, because in those books one is able to recognize his esthetical proposal in the Latin American literature field when he narrates the traumatic past of a society during the military dictatorship that lasted for almost two decades. There are in those three stories, elements that are essential to expose the questioning that the written works of Roberto Bolaño realizes before the violence of the State, in that his narrative presents a severe political criticism in the recovery of the past, from the killing of Tlatelolco to the torture in Chile during the Pinochet years / Mestrado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária